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Delivery Time (delivery + time)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	40%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	13%

Selected Abstracts

The effectiveness of the longest delivery time rule for the flow shop delivery time problem

NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2003
Philip Kaminsky
Abstract In the flow shop delivery time problem, a set of jobs has to be processed on m machines. Every machine has to process each one of the jobs, and every job has the same routing through the machines. The objective is to determine a sequence of the jobs on the machines so as to minimize maximum delivery completion time over all the jobs, where the delivery completion time of a job is the sum of its completion time, and the delivery time associated with that job. In this paper, we prove the asymptotic optimality of the Longest Delivery Time algorithm for the static version of this problem, and the Longest Delivery Time among Available Jobs (LDTA) algorithm for the dynamic version of this problem. In addition, we present the result of computational testing of the effectiveness of these algorithms. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003 [source]

The Impact of Capacity Costs on Product Differentiation in Delivery Time, Delivery Reliability, and Price

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2006
Tamer Boyaci
We develop an analytical framework for studying the role capacity costs play in shaping the optimal differentiation strategy in terms of prices, delivery times, and delivery reliabilities of a profit-maximizing firm selling two variants (express and regular) of a product in a capacitated environment. We first investigate three special cases. The first is an existing model of price and delivery time differentiation with exogenous reliabilities, which we only review. The second focuses on time-based (i.e., length and reliability) differentiation with exogenous prices. The third deals with deciding on all features for an express variant when a regular product already exists in the marketplace. We subsequently address the integrative framework of time- and -price-based differentiation for both products in a numerical study. Our results shed light on the role that customer preferences towards delivery times, reliabilities and prices, and the capacity costs (absolute and relative) have on the firm's optimal product positioning policy. [source]

The Impact of Forecast Errors on Early Order Commitment in a Supply Chain,

DECISION SCIENCES, Issue 2 2002
Xiande Zhao
ABSTRACT Supply chain partnership involves mutual commitments among participating firms. One example is early order commitment, wherein a retailer commits to purchase a fixed-order quantity and delivery time from a supplier before the real need takes place. This paper explores the value of practicing early order commitment in the supply chain. We investigate the complex interactions between early order commitment and forecast errors by simulating a supply chain with one capacitated supplier and multiple retailers under demand uncertainty. We found that practicing early order commitment can generate significant savings in the supply chain, but the benefits are only valid within a range of order commitment periods. Different components of forecast errors have different cost implications to the supplier and the retailers. The presence of trend in the demand increases the total supply chain cost, but makes early order commitment more appealing. The more retailers sharing the same supplier, the more valuable for the supply chain to practice early order commitment. Except in cases where little capacity cushion is available, our findings are relatively consistent in the environments where cost structure, number of retailers, capacity utilization, and capacity policy are varied. [source]

The Prospects of Carrying and Releasing Drugs Via Biodegradable Magnesium Foam,

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 8 2010
Eli Aghion
Abstract Powder metallurgy technology was used to produce magnesium foams in order to evaluate their ability to perform as a solid biodegradable platform for drug delivery. The amount and delivery time of the released drug (gentamicin) was controlled by the level of space-holding particles (spacer) that was mixed with the magnesium powder prior to the sintering process. Metallurgical examination of the magnesium foams was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. Microtomography CT analysis was used to evaluate the structural characteristics of the magnesium foams and their internal interconnected porosity configuration. The corrosion behavior of the magnesium foams was evaluated by immersion test in a simulated physiological environment (PBS solution). The absorption of gentamicin was obtained by immersing magnesium foams in concentrated gentamicin solutions within a vacuum chamber, followed by water evaporation. The detection of gentamicin in PBS solution was carried out using a Fluorescence Polarimetry analyzer. The results show that the release profile of gentamicin from magnesium foam with 10 and 25% spacer in PBS solution was in accord with common dissolution kinetics of an active ingredient from polymeric drug delivery systems. [source]

Accelerated rehabilitation of an edentulous patient with an implant retained dental prosthesis: a case report

GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
Gerald McKenna
This case report details the successful rehabilitation of an edentulous patient using a complete upper prosthesis and a lower implant retained overdenture. The provision of care was split between a specialist centre and a primary care setting. This approach reduced inconvenience to the patient. Modern surgical and prosthodontic techniques also reduced the total delivery time. After initial consultation a new set of complete dentures was prescribed with changes in design to the originals. The patient was also planned for placement of two mandibular implants to stabilise and retain the mandibular denture. The first line of treatment involved provision of a new set of dentures constructed by the patient's general dental practitioner. Dental implants were then placed in a specialist centre and the patient returned to the dental practice for attachment of the lower denture to the dental implants. The benefits and success of mandibular implant retained dentures are well documented. With delivery of the overdenture, the patient reported increased satisfaction with his prostheses which allowed him to eat a greater range of foods and enabled him to feel confident when speaking and socialising. [source]

Utility of misoprostol for labor induction in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2004
Shamsun Nahar
Abstract Objectives:, To determine the effectiveness and safety of misoprostol in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients with unripe cervix. Methods:, A prospective observational study was carried out in 135 severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients who required termination of pregnancy at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh during January 2002 to October 2003. Fifty micrograms of misoprostol was used every 4 h in cases of unripe cervix (Bishop score , 6) in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients. Maternal and perinatal outcome as well as any complications were recorded. Results:, In severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients vaginal delivery occurred in 79.3 and 80.5% of cases, and cesarean section was performed in 20.6 and 19.4% of cases, respectively. The maximum required responsive dose was 50,150 µg. Oxytocin augmentation was required in 29.3 and 35% of cases, respectively. Induction to delivery time was median 8 h, interquartile ranges 4.2,8.2 h in the severe pre-eclampsia group, and median, 9 h,, interquartile, ranges, 6.8,12.5 h, in, the, eclampsia, group,, and, average, hospital, stay, was, 3.4 ± 1.8, and 3.7 ± 1.7 days, respectively. The only maternal complications were hyperstimulation which occurred in 6.8 and 5.1% of cases, respectively. Neonatal death occurred in five (11.3%) and eight cases (12.1%), respectively. Conclusion:, Intravaginal misoprostol is well tolerated and very effective for the induction of labor in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients with unripe cervix. [source]

The effectiveness of the longest delivery time rule for the flow shop delivery time problem

The science of aerosol delivery in cystic fibrosis

PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue S9 2008
David E. Geller MD
Abstract Aerosolized drugs are universally used for treatment of cystic fibrosis airway disease. Inhalation can increase topical efficacy and reduce systemic exposure and toxicity of many drugs. A wide variety of inhaled drugs already exist with many more in the therapeutic pipeline. Understanding the principles of aerosol delivery and how aerosol devices function is important in designing the best therapeutic regimens for CF patients. The variables that determine where an aerosol deposits are numerous and complex. Important aerosol-related variables include particle-size distribution, hygroscopic properties, viscosity and surface tension of the drug. Patient-related variables include inspired flow rate, tidal volume, respiratory rate, breath-holding, upper airway anatomy, lower airways obstruction, and the cognitive and physical ability to use the device. These factors vary widely between patients of different age groups and disease severities, and cause the high variability in drug delivery seen with aerosol drugs. Classic aerosol delivery devices like metered dose inhalers and dry-powder inhalers are small, portable, and have short treatment times. However, they are limited by small drug payloads and user technique problems. Jet nebulizers are commonly used for CF drugs, are easy to operate, require no special breathing pattern, and can deliver very large quantities of drug. However, they require a power or air source, cleaning and sanitizing, and are relatively time consuming. Recently, novel aerosol delivery systems and formulations have been developed to improve delivery efficiency and reduce variability and delivery time. These new systems can ease the treatment burden and improve adherence and outcomes in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:S5,S17. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Delay discounting determines delivery fees in an e-commerce simulation: A behavioral economic perspective

PSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 2 2005
Donald A. Hantula
Participants ordered music CDs and bargained for delivery time and fees in a simulated on-line store. After ordering a CD, participants engaged in a delivery-fee bargaining task that was embedded in a psychophysical up,down staircase titration procedure in which options of next-day delivery for a fee and delayed free delivery were made more or less attractive based on previous choices. A hyperbolic function derived from the matching law fit the data. These results are consistent with a behavioral-economic account of intertemporal choice in which delivery fees are seen as a swap of money for time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

The effects of syringe plunger design on drug delivery during vertical displacement of syringe pumps

ANAESTHESIA, Issue 11 2000
M. Weiss
Fluid delivery from four types of commercially available 50-ml syringes was measured using an electronic balance at an infusion rate of 1 ml.h,1. Retrograde aspiration volume and zero-drug delivery time were recorded after lowering the syringe pump by 50 cm. Syringe compliance was calculated from the volume of bolus released after occlusion at 100 mmHg. Zero-drug delivery times differed significantly between syringes, ranging from [mean (SD)] 3.26 (0.40) min to 6.38 (0.56) min (F = 55.5, d.f. = 3/20, p < 0.0001). Syringe compliance correlated well with aspiration volume (Pearson r2 = 0.92, p < 0.001) and zero-drug delivery time (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.001). Syringe design affected the internal syringe compliance. All syringes were associated with potentially relevant zero-drug delivery times after moderate vertical displacement. To minimise this risk, vertical displacement of syringe pumps delivering highly vasoactive drugs should be avoided. [source]

Effects of Subchronic versus Acute in utero Exposure to Dexmedetomidine on Foetal Developments in Rats

BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
Mohammad Tariq
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of in utero exposure of dexmedetomidine on foetal development and postnatal behaviour in the offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically treated with dexmedetomidine (0, 5, 10 and 20 µg/kg, subcutaneously) daily from gestation day 7 to day 19. Another group of animals received only a single acute dose of dexmedetomidine (20 µg/kg) on gestational day 19 to mimic a model for systemic analgesia during labour. Administration of dexmedetomidine did not affect the frequency of implantations. Chronic administration of 10 and 20 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the body weight and crown-rump length of pups, whereas a single acute dose (20 µg/kg) did not affect these parameters. None of the pups exhibited any external malformations or skeletal abnormalities irrespective of treatment assigned. All the pups showed a normal postnatal weight gain during the developmental phase. No significant differences were observed among any of the groups with respect to behavioural performances of offspring in beam balance, grip strength and inclined plane tests as well as motor activity. In conclusion, acute exposure to dexmedetomidine at the anticipated delivery time does not exert any adverse effects on perinatal morphology of pups, their birth weight, crown-rump length, physical growth and postnatal behavioural performances. Since this study was conducted in rats, its clinical relevance in human beings remains to be unclear and warrants further studies. [source]

Endothelin-1 modulates anterograde fast axonal transport in the central nervous system

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 5 2005
Martha E. Stokely
Abstract Anterograde fast axonal transport (FAxT) maintains synaptic function and provides materials necessary for neuronal survival. Localized changes in FAxT are associated with a variety of central nervous system (CNS) neuropathies, where they may contribute to inappropriate remodeling, a process more appropriately involved in synaptic plasticity and development. In some cases, developmental remodeling is regulated by localized secretion of endothelins (ETs), neuroinflammatory peptides that are also pathologically elevated in cases of neurologic disease, CNS injury, or ischemia. To investigate the potential role of ETs in these processes, we decided to test whether locally elevated endothelin-1 (ET-1) modulates FAxT in adult CNS tissues. We used the established in vivo rat optic nerve model and a novel ex vivo rat hippocampal slice model to test this hypothesis. In vivo, exogenously elevated vitreal ET-1 significantly affected protein composition of FAxT-cargos as well as the abundance and peak delivery times for metabolically-labeled proteins that were transported into the optic nerve. Proteins with molecular weights of 139, 118, 89, 80, 64, 59, 51, 45, 42, 37, and 25 kDa were evaluated at injection-sacrifice intervals (ISIs) of 24, 28, 32, and 36 hr. In acute hippocampal slices maintained on nonvascular supplies of glucose and oxygen, ET-1 significantly decreased the distance traveled along the Schaffer collateral tract by nonmetabolically-labeled lipid rafts at 5 and 10 min after pulse-labeling. In both models, ET-1 significantly affected transport or targeted delivery of FaxT-cargos, suggesting that ET-1 has the potential to modulate FAxT in adult CNS tissues. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The Impact of Capacity Costs on Product Differentiation in Delivery Time, Delivery Reliability, and Price

STOCK LEVELS AND DELIVERY RATES IN VENDORMANAGED INVENTORY PROGRAMS

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2001
BEN A. CHAOUCH
Using the latest information technology, powerful retailers like Wal-Mart have taken the lead in forging shorter replenishment-cycles, automated supply systems with suppliers. With the objective to reduce cost, these retailers are directing suppliers to take full responsibility for managing stocks and deliveries. Suppliers' performance is measured according to how often inventory is shipped to the retailer, and how often customers are unable to purchase the product because it is out of stock. This emerging trend also implies that suppliers are absorbing a large part of the inventory and delivery costs and, therefore, must plan delivery programs including delivery frequency to ensure that the inherent costs are minimized. With the idea to incorporate this shift in focus, this paper looks at the problem facing the supplier who wants quicker replenishment at lower cost. In particular, we present a model that seeks the best trade-off among inventory investment, delivery rates, and permitting shortages to occur, given some random demand pattern for the product. The process generating demand consists of two components: one is deterministic and the other is random. The random part is assumed to follow a compound Poisson process. Furthermore, we assume that the supplier may fail to meet uniform shipping schedules, and, therefore, uncertainty is present in delivery times. The solution to this transportationinventory problem requires determining jointly delivery rates and stock levels that will minimize transportation, inventory, and shortage costs. Several numerical results are presented to give a feel of the optimal policy's general behavior. [source]