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Delayed Acquisition (delayed + acquisition)
Selected AbstractsDelayed acquisition of somatic hypermutations in repopulated IGD+CD27+ memory B cell receptors after rituximab treatmentARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 8 2009Khalid Muhammad Objective Transient B cell depletion by rituximab has been used with clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies of B cell repopulation have shown long-term numerical reduction in memory B cells. Non,class-switched IgD+CD27+ memory B cells, in particular, repopulate slowly. This study was undertaken to determine whether mutational acquisition in individual B cell receptors in repopulating class-switched and non,class-switched memory B cells is affected by rituximab. Methods Cells obtained from 16 RA patients, 4 healthy donors, and 3 patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) were analyzed using single B cell sorting followed by nested polymerase chain reaction and Ig VH3 sequencing. Results There was a delayed acquisition of mutations in Ig receptors of IgD+ memory B cells over a period of 6 years after a single course of rituximab. One year after rituximab treatment, 84% of single repopulating IgD+CD27+ B cells were unmutated, and no highly mutated Ig receptors were found (compared with 52% before therapy). Over time, increasing numbers of mutations were detected. Even 6 years after rituximab treatment, however, mutations in IgD+ memory B cells were still significantly reduced. In contrast, class-switched memory B cells repopulated with quantitatively normal mutations. In comparison, in patients undergoing ASCT, IgD+ memory cells repopulated earlier with higher mutations in Ig receptors. Conclusion Our data suggest that IgD+ memory B cells are particularly susceptible to the effects of rituximab, with delayed acquisition of mutations in their Ig receptors still evident 6 years after a single course of rituximab. Our findings indicate that these cells have different requirements for mutational acquisition compared with class-switched memory B cells. [source] Antero-ventral internal pallidum stimulation improves behavioral disorders in Lesch,Nyhan diseaseMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 14 2007Laura Cif MD Abstract The Lesch,Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in hypoxanthine,guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, a purine salvage enzyme. Affected individuals exhibit a characteristic neurobehavioral disorder with delayed acquisition of motor skills, dystonia, severe self-mutilations, and aggressive behavior. Deep brain stimulation has been previously proposed for controlling isolated involuntary movements and psychiatric disorders. We applied a double bilateral simultaneous stimulation to limbic and motor internal pallidum in one patient for controlling both behavioral and movement disorders, respectively. The injurious compulsions disappeared; dystonia and dyskinesia were decreased at 28 months follow-up. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society [source] Emotion recognition/understanding ability in hearing or vision-impaired children: do sounds, sights, or words make the difference?THE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 4 2004Murray J. Dyck Background:, This study was designed to assess whether children with a sensory disability have consistent delays in acquiring emotion recognition and emotion understanding abilities. Method:, Younger (6,11 years) and older (12,18 years) hearing-impaired children (HI; n = 49), vision-impaired children (VI; n = 42), and children with no sensory impairment (NSI; n = 72) were assessed with the Emotion Recognition Scales (ERS), which include two tests of the ability to recognize vocal expressions of emotion, two tests of the ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion, and three tests of emotion understanding. Results:, Results indicate that when compared with age-peers, HI children and adolescents have significant delays or deficits on all ERS, but VI children and adolescents are delayed only on emotion recognition tasks. When compared with children group-matched for verbal ability (Wechsler verbal scales), the achievement of HI children on ERS equals or exceeds that of controls; VI children underachieve on an emotion recognition task and overachieve on an emotion vocabulary task compared to verbal ability matched peers. Conclusions:, We conclude that VI children have a specific emotion recognition deficit, but among HI children, performance on emotion recognition and emotion understanding tasks reflects delayed acquisition of a broad range of language-mediated abilities. [source] Delayed acquisition of somatic hypermutations in repopulated IGD+CD27+ memory B cell receptors after rituximab treatmentARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 8 2009Khalid Muhammad Objective Transient B cell depletion by rituximab has been used with clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies of B cell repopulation have shown long-term numerical reduction in memory B cells. Non,class-switched IgD+CD27+ memory B cells, in particular, repopulate slowly. This study was undertaken to determine whether mutational acquisition in individual B cell receptors in repopulating class-switched and non,class-switched memory B cells is affected by rituximab. Methods Cells obtained from 16 RA patients, 4 healthy donors, and 3 patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) were analyzed using single B cell sorting followed by nested polymerase chain reaction and Ig VH3 sequencing. Results There was a delayed acquisition of mutations in Ig receptors of IgD+ memory B cells over a period of 6 years after a single course of rituximab. One year after rituximab treatment, 84% of single repopulating IgD+CD27+ B cells were unmutated, and no highly mutated Ig receptors were found (compared with 52% before therapy). Over time, increasing numbers of mutations were detected. Even 6 years after rituximab treatment, however, mutations in IgD+ memory B cells were still significantly reduced. In contrast, class-switched memory B cells repopulated with quantitatively normal mutations. In comparison, in patients undergoing ASCT, IgD+ memory cells repopulated earlier with higher mutations in Ig receptors. Conclusion Our data suggest that IgD+ memory B cells are particularly susceptible to the effects of rituximab, with delayed acquisition of mutations in their Ig receptors still evident 6 years after a single course of rituximab. Our findings indicate that these cells have different requirements for mutational acquisition compared with class-switched memory B cells. [source] Age of sitting unsupported and independent walking in very low birth weight preterm infants with normal motor development at 2 yearsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2009MA Marín Gabriel Abstract Aims:, The aims of this study is to (i) determine the age of sitting unsupported and independent walking in preterm infants with birth weight under 1500 g (very low birth weight, VLBW); (ii) estimate differences between VLBW children and a reference population and (iii) estimate the association between clinical characteristics and late age at sitting and walking. Methods:, A longitudinal study was conducted of a cohort of 876 children with VLBW. The World Health Organization (WHO) motor development study population was used as a reference. Ages for both skills were established by interview with parents. Means were compared with t -test, ANOVA and Bonferroni adjustment where appropriate. Results:, The inclusion criteria were complied with 694 patients; 50% of VLBW sat at 7 m corrected age (CA) and walked at 13 m CA. Both motor skills were acquired later (7.3 ± 1.5 and 13.6 ± 2.8 m) compared with the control group (6 ± 1.1 and 12.1 ± 1.8 m). Weight or head circumference at birth below the 10th percentile or the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were associated with delayed acquisition of both skills. Conclusion:, Very low birth weight infants typically sit unsupported and walk later than term infants. Tables describing reference values for milestones acquisition for different categories of infants (gestational age, birth weight and other determinants) may contribute to inform the decision making process on access to available resources. [source] The role of 18F-FDOPA and 18F-FDG,PET in the management of malignant and multifocal phaeochromocytomasCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 4 2008D. Taďeb Summary Background,18F-DOPA has emerged as a promising tool in the localization of chromaffin-tissue-derived tumours. Interestingly, phaeochromocytomas (PHEO) are also FDG avid. Aim and methods,The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the results of 18F-FDOPA and/or 18F-FDG,PET in patients with PHEO and paragangliomas (PGLs) and to compare the outcome of this approach with the traditional therapeutic work-up. Nine patients with non-MEN2 related PHEO or PGL were evaluated. At the time of the PET studies, the patients were classified into three groups based on their clinical history, conventional and SPECT imaging. The groups were malignant disease (n = 5, 1 VHL), apparently unique tumour site in patients with previous surgery (n = 1, SDHB) and multifocal tumours (n = 3, 1 VHL, 1 SDHD). 18F-FDOPA and 18F-FDG,PET PET/CT were then performed in all patients. Results, PET successfully identified additional tumour sites in five out of five patients with metastatic disease that had not been identified with SPECT + CI. Whilst tumour tracer uptake varied between patients it exhibited a consistently favourable residence time for delayed acquisitions. 18F-FDOPA uptake (SUVmax) was superior to 18F-FDG uptake in cases of neck PGL (three patients, four tumours). If only metastatic forms and abdominal PGLs were considered, 18F-FDG provided additional information in three cases (two metastatic forms, one multifocal disease with SDHD mutation) compared to 18F-FDOPA. Conclusions, Our results suggest that tumour staging can be improved by combining 18F-FDOPA and 18F-FDG in the preoperative work-up of patients with abdominal and malignant PHEOs. 18F-FDOPA is also an effective localization tool for neck PGLs. MIBG however, still has a role in these patients as MIBG and FDOPA images did not completely overlap. [source] | ||||||||||