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Deficiency Signs (deficiency + sign)

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Earth and Environmental Science	100%

Selected Abstracts

Dietary arginine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) based on growth, nutrient retention efficiencies, RNA/DNA ratio and body composition

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 6 2009
S. F. Abidi
Summary To quantify the optimum dietary arginine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (4.10 ± 0.04 cm; 0.62 ± 0.02 g), an 8-week growth trial was conducted in eighteen 70-L indoor circular aqua-coloured troughs provided with a flow-through system at 28 ± 1°C. Isonitrogenous (40 g 100 g,1 crude protein) and isocaloric (4.28 kcal g,1 gross energy) amino acid test diets containing casein and gelatin as intact protein sources with graded levels of arginine (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 g 100 g,1 dry diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation at 07:00, 12:00 and 17:30 hours. Growth performance of fish fed the above diets was evaluated on the basis of absolute weight gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein retention efficiency (PRE) and energy retention efficiency (ERE). Maximum AWG (2.61), SGR (2.80), best FCR (1.35), highest PER (1.85), PRE (37%) and ERE (76%) were recorded at 1.25 g 100 g,1 dietary arginine. Maximum body protein (18.88 g 100 g,1) and RNA/DNA ratio (5.20) were also obtained in a 1.25 g 100 g,1 arginine dry diet. Except for the reduced growth performance in fish fed arginine-deficient diets, no other deficiency signs were apparent. Based on the broken-line and second-degree polynomial regression analysis of the AWG, SGR, FCR, PER, PRE and ERE data, the optimum arginine requirement for fingerling Labeo rohita was found to be in the range of 1.22,1.39 g 100 g,1 of the dry diet, corresponding to 3.05,3.47 g 100 g,1 of dietary protein. [source]

Selenium nutrition of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) bioavailability, toxicity and interaction with vitamin E

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 2 2009
F. JARAMILLO JR
Abstract Two concurrent 12-week feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of inorganic sodium selenite and organic seleno-DL-methionine and to investigate the potential interaction between selenium and vitamin E in juvenile hybrid striped bass. In experiment 1, purified diets utilizing casein, gelatin and an amino acid premix as protein sources with a basal selenium concentration of 0.11 mg Se kg,1 were supplemented with either Na2SeO3 to provide selenium concentrations of 1.19, 2.00, 5.17 and 21.23 mg Se kg,1 or with seleno-DL-methionine to provide 0.90, 1.26 and 2.55 mg Se kg,1 and fed to juvenile hybrid striped bass in aquaria. A second experiment evaluated potential interactions by feeding these purified diets with or without supplemental vitamin E or sodium selenite, singularly or in combination. No overt selenium deficiency signs were exhibited by fish in either of the experiments; however, signs of selenium toxicity including retarded weight gain (WG), reduced feed intake and feed efficiency ratio (FER) as well as increased mortality, were observed in fish fed the diet containing more than 20 mg Se kg,1. Whole-body selenium and whole-body selenium retention were linearly influenced by sodium selenite and selenomethionine. However, there was no significant effect of dietary selenium, vitamin E or their interaction on WG, FER and survival. Slope-ratio analysis showed that bioavailability of seleno-DL-methionine as a selenium source for juvenile hybrid striped bass was significantly (P < 0.01) higher (3.3-fold) than sodium selenite. [source]

Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L.,

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 1 2006
P.A. MARCOULI
Abstract The dietary lysine requirement of juvenile gilthead seabream was determined by the growth response of duplicate groups of fish (3.5 g initial weight) fed on six isonitrogenous (427 g kg,1) and isolipidic (135 g kg,1) diets containing graded levels of crystalline l -lysine HCl, with dietary lysine content ranging from 36.3 to 79.7 g kg,1 of protein. The final indispensable amino acid profile of the diets except for lysine was formulated so as to resemble that of wild seabream whole body. Except for the reduced growth performance of fish groups fed the lysine-deficient diets no other deficiency signs were apparent. Survival observed throughout the feeding period of 6 weeks was excellent. Weight gain (in %), specific growth rate, feed efficiency and daily protein deposition (DPD) were significantly improved in response to the increasing levels of dietary lysine up to 52.7 g kg,1 of protein and remained nearly constant thereafter. Whole-body protein content followed a similar pattern as growth parameters in relation to dietary lysine level. Non-linear regression analysis of DPD against dietary lysine level using the four-parameter saturation kinetic model indicated a lysine requirement of 50.4 g kg,1 of protein for this species to support growth. [source]

Evaluation of l -ascorbyl-2-glucose as the source of vitamin C for juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 14 2003
Xiaojie Wang
Abstract This study was conducted to compare l -ascorbyl-2-glucose (AA2G) with l -ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Na/Ca (AMP-Na/Ca) for supplying the dietary vitamin C for juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). Fish were fed one of seven semi-purified diets containing equivalents of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg ascorbic acid (AA) kg,1 diet in the form of AA2G or AMP-Na/Ca for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of feeding, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and survival of fish fed the vitamin C-free diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed the vitamin C-supplemented diets in either form. The hepatosomatic index, condition factor and survival of fish fed AMP-Na/Ca100, AMP-Na/Ca200, AA2G100 and AA2G200 diets were significantly higher than fish fed the vitamin C-free diet. After 9 weeks of feeding, fish fed the vitamin C-free diet began to show vitamin C deficiency signs such as anorexia and lethargy. At the end of the 12-week feeding trial, fish fed the vitamin C-free diet exhibited vitamin C deficiency signs, e.g., anorexia, scoliosis, exophthalmia and fin haemorrhage. Vitamin C retention in the muscle and liver was similar to those of fish fed AA2G- or AMP-Na/Ca-supplemented diets. In general, there was no significant difference in the muscle and liver vitamin C concen-tration in fish fed the AA2G and AMP-Na/Ca diets at the same supplementation levels. [source]