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Decreased Tendency (decreased + tendency)
Selected AbstractsMultifunctional Deep-Blue Emitter Comprising an Anthracene Core and Terminal Triphenylphosphine Oxide GroupsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 4 2009Chen-Han Chien Abstract A highly efficient blue-light emitter, 2- tert -butyl-9,10-bis[4,-(diphenyl-phosphoryl)phenyl]anthracene (POAn) is synthesized, and comprises electron-deficient triphenylphosphine oxide side groups appended to the 9- and 10-positions of a 2- tert -butylanthracene core. This sophisticated anthracene compound possesses a non-coplanar configuration that results in a decreased tendency to crystallize and weaker intermolecular interactions in the solid state, leading to its pronounced morphological stability and high quantum efficiency. In addition to serving as an electron-transporting blue-light-emitting material, POAn also facilitates electron injection from the Al cathode to itself. Consequently, simple double-layer devices incorporating POAn as the emitting, electron-transporting, and -injecting material produce bright deep-blue lights having Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.15,0.07). The peak electroluminescence performance was 4.3% (2.9 cd A,1). For a device lacking an electron-transport layer or alkali fluoride, this device displays the best performance of any such the deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes reported to date. [source] Risk factors for neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: the Cache County StudyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 9 2006M. Steinberg Abstract Objective To investigate the probability of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients as a function of eight risk factors. Methods In the Cache County Study, we administered the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to 328 dementia patients at baseline. Approximately 18 months later, we re-administered the NPI to 184 participants available for follow-up. Generalized estimating equation methods were used to model the probability of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms as a function of: gender, age, education, dementia type and severity, APOE status, time of observation, and general medical health. Results Women showed increased tendency toward anxiety, [odds ratio (OR) 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31,3.76] and delusions (OR 2.15, CI 1.22,3.78), but older persons of both sexes showed less tendency toward anxiety. Dementia severity increased the tendency toward hallucinations and agitation (OR 2.42, CI 1.81,3.23) and decreased risk of depression. Positive APOE ,4 status increased the tendency toward aberrant motor behavior (OR 1.84, CI 1.05,3.22). Among dementia diagnoses, those with Alzheimer's disease showed decreased tendency toward agitation (OR 0.58, CI 0.35,0.95), depression (OR 0.56, CI 0.33,0.96) and disinhibition (OR 0.46, CI 0.24,0.88). Later time of observation increased risk of aberrant motor behavior and delusions, and more serious medical comorbidity increased risk of, agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and aberrant motor behavior. Conclusions Gender, age, dementia severity, APOE ,4, dementia diagnosis, time of observation, and general medical health appear to influence the occurrence of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Disciplinary history, adult disciplinary attitudes, and risk for abusive parentingJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Mary E. Bower-Russa In an attempt to identify factors that could contribute to intergenerational physical abuse, the specific childhood disciplinary experiences of adolescents and young adults were assessed, and these childhood experiences were related to the subjects' assessment as to whether specific disciplinary tactics were abusive or appropriate in child rearing. Consistent with previous research, few maltreated persons viewed their own experiences as abusive. Moreover, personal experience with a disciplinary event was associated with a decreased tendency to view that particular form of discipline as inappropriate. Finally, a history of severe physical punishment, failure to acknowledge an abusive history when it had occurred, and adult attitudes regarding physical discipline were associated with selecting more punitive disciplinary strategies when individuals were faced with child misbehavior in an analog parenting task. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] The Hispanic Americans Baseline Alcohol Survey (HABLAS): Predictors of Alcohol Attitudes and Expectancies in Hispanic National GroupsALCOHOLISM, Issue 5 2010Britain A. Mills Background:, Multiple theoretical frameworks identify attitudes and expectancies as important predictors of alcohol behavior. Few studies have examined demographic predictors of these evaluative and belief-based cognitive mediators in the general population, and none have examined them in large-scale studies of Hispanics, a group at higher risk for drinking behavior and problems. This study probes the extent to which dimensions of attitudes and expectancies share common demographic predictors in a large sample of Puerto Ricans, Cuban-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and South/Central Americans. Methods:, The 2006 Hispanic Americans Baseline Alcohol Survey (HABLAS) used a multistage cluster sample design to interview 5,224 individuals randomly selected from households in Miami, New York, Philadelphia, Houston, and Los Angeles. This study focused on 2,773 respondents self-identified as current drinkers. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of positive and negative dimensions of attitudes and expectancies, controlling for various background variables. Results:, Religious affiliation selectively predicted alcohol attitudes, with Catholics having more positive and fewer negative attitudes than other religious groups. Hispanic group selectively predicted alcohol expectancies, with Cuban-Americans having less positive and less negative expectancies than other groups. Being U.S.-born or male predicted more positive attitudes and expectancies, but birthplace and gender did not predict negative dimensions of attitudes or expectancies. Higher acculturation and more education were linked to a decreased tendency to agree with any item. Age was positively and negatively associated with negative expectancies and positive attitudes, respectively, and having never been married, higher income, and unemployment were each linked to fewer negative attitudes. Conclusions:, Although there is some overlap, attitudes and expectancies are influenced by different sociodemographic variables. Positive and negative dimensions of those constructs also show distinct patterns of relations. Prevention and treatment programs targeting cognitive mediators of behavior should be mindful of these differential determinants and future modeling endeavors should incorporate them. [source] | ||||||||||