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Decreases Levels (decrease + level)
Selected AbstractsCharacteristics of Sarcoplasmic Proteins and Their Interaction with Surimi and Kamaboko GelJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2009A. Jafarpour ABSTRACT:, This study examined the effect of adding common carp sarcoplasmic proteins (Sp- P) on the gel characteristics of threadfin bream surimi and kamaboko while maintaining constant moisture and myofibrillar levels. Based on the temperature sweep test, which is involved in heating of surimi gel from 10 to 80 °C to monitor the viscoelastic properties, at temperature range of 40 to 50 °C, the decrease level (depth of valley) in storage modulus (G,) thermograph was in proportion to the concentration of added Sp- P. Storage modulus (G,) showed greater elasticity after adding Sp- P compared with the control without Sp- P. Furthermore, the breaking force and distance and consequently gel strength of the resultant kamaboko were improved significantly (P > 0.05). Thus, added Sp- P did not interfere with myofibrillar proteins during sol,gel transition phase but associated with textural quality enhancement of resultant kamaboko; however, addition of Sp- P from the dark muscle of the carp decreased the whiteness of the resultant surimi. Furthermore, according to the SEM micrographs, the gel strength could not be associated with either the number of polygonal structures/mm2 or the area of the polygonal structures in the kamaboko gel microstructure. [source] The outcome of tactile touch on oxytocin in intensive care patients: a randomised controlled trialJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 19 2008Maria Henricson Aim., To explore the effects of five-day tactile touch intervention on oxytocin in intensive care patients. The hypotheses were that tactile touch increases the levels of oxytocin after intervention and over a six-day period. Background., Research on both humans and animals shows a correlation between touch and increased levels of oxytocin which inspired us to measure the levels of oxytocin in arterial blood to obtain information about the physiological effect of tactile touch. Design., Randomised controlled trial. Method., Forty-four patients from two general intensive care units, were randomly assigned to either tactile touch (n = 21) or standard treatment , an hour of rest (n = 23). Arterial blood was drawn for measurement of oxytocin, before and after both treatments. Results., No significant mean changes in oxytocin levels were found from day 1 to day 6 in the intervention group (mean ,3·0 pM, SD 16·8). In the control group, there was a significant (p = 0·01) decrease in oxytocin levels from day 1 to day 6, mean 26·4 pM (SD 74·1). There were no significant differences in changes between day 1 and day 6 when comparing the intervention group and control group, mean 23·4 pM (95% CI ,20·2,67·0). Conclusion., Our hypothesis that tactile touch increases the levels of oxytocin in patients at intensive care units was not confirmed. An interesting observation was the decrease levels of oxytocin over the six-day period in the control group, which was not observed in the intervention group. Relevance to clinical practice., Tactile touch seemed to reduce the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Further and larger studies are needed in intensive care units to confirm/evaluate tactile touch as a complementary caring act for critically ill patients. [source] Nerve growth factor increases airway responses and decreases levels of exhaled nitric oxide during histamine challenge in an in vivo guinea-pig modelACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 2 2001S. G. Friberg There is a growing body of evidence supporting the idea that nerve growth factor (NGF) may be involved in the development of asthma-associated symptoms, such as airway hyper-responsiveness. Increased levels of NGF have recently been described in serum and in the airways of asthmatics. We have examined whether exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels might be altered during the increased airway responses upon NGF treatment in guinea-pigs in vivo. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of histamine normally elicits a rapid peak in insufflation pressure (IP) and in exhaled NO, followed by a period of decreased concentrations of exhaled NO. Anaesthetized guinea-pigs were pre-treated intravenously with either saline, 4 or 80 ng kg,1 NGF 30 min before i.v. challenge with 16 ,g kg,1 histamine. At 80 ng kg,1 NGF significantly enhanced the airway obstruction caused by histamine, whereas the peak acute increase in exhaled NO was not enhanced. Following the increase, came a rapid drop, an effect enforced in the NGF treated animals. Subsequently, the time to return to 90% of resting exhaled NO was increased, from 12 min in saline-treated animals to 48 min in NGF-treated animals. Our data confirm that NGF can enhance airway responses to histamine. Moreover, our study shows a decrease in exhaled NO following a histamine challenge, an effect enhanced by NGF. A reduced ability to release exhaled NO may be a mechanism for increased airway responses during elevated NGF levels. The interaction between NGF and airway NO formation, and its relation to airway responses, merit further investigation. [source] The pharmacology of cilostazolDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 2002Karsten Schrör Cilostazol (6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl- 1H -tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone; OPC-13013) is a 2-oxo-quinoline derivative with antithrombotic, vasodilator, antimitogenic and cardiotonic properties. The compound is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system (IC50: 0.2 µm). In addition, there is inhibition of adenosine uptake, eventually resulting in changes in cAMP levels, dependent on the type of adenosine receptors (A1 or A2). Cilostazol inhibits platelet aggregation and has considerable antithrombotic effects in vivo. The compound relaxes vascular smooth muscle and inhibits mitogenesis and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In the heart, cilostazol causes positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. Most, if not all, of these actions are cAMP-mediated, including the modification of cAMP-controlled gene expression. Cilostazol decreases levels of serum triglycerides and causes some increase in HDL-cholesterol levels. The compound has a number of additional effects which might contribute to its overall clinical efficacy. Cilostazol undergoes intensive and finally complete hepatic metabolism via the cytochrome P450 systems. This might result in some drug interaction, i.e. with erythromycin and omeprazole. The half-life is approximately 10 h, resulting in about 2-fold accumulation of the drug during repeated administration. [source] | ||||||||||