			Home About us Contact

Decision-making Role (decision-making + role)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

Science, Policy Advocacy, and Marine Protected Areas

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
NOELLA J. GRAY
área marina cabildeo político; protegida; credibilidad; positivismo Abstract:,Much has been written in recent years regarding whether and to what extent scientists should engage in the policy process, and the focus has been primarily on the issue of advocacy. Despite extensive theoretical discussions, little has been done to study attitudes toward and consequences of such advocacy in particular cases. We assessed attitudes toward science and policy advocacy in the case of marine protected areas (MPAs) on the basis of a survey of delegates at the First International Marine Protected Areas Congress. Delegates were all members of the international marine conservation community and represented academic, government, and nongovernmental organizations. A majority of respondents believed science is objective but only a minority believed that values can be eliminated from science. Respondents showed only partial support of positivist principles of science. Almost all respondents supported scientists being integrated into MPA policy making, whereas half of the respondents agreed that scientists should actively advocate for particular MPA policies. Scientists with a positivist view of science supported a minimal role for scientists in policy, whereas government staff with positivist beliefs supported an advocacy or decision-making role for scientists. Policy-making processes for MPAs need to account for these divergent attitudes toward science and advocacy if science-driven and participatory approaches are to be reconciled. Resumen:,Mucho se ha escrito en años recientes sobre sí y hasta que punto deben involucrarse los científicos en el proceso político, y el enfoque ha sido principalmente en el tema del cabildeo. No obstante extensas discusiones teóricas, se ha hecho poco para estudiar las actitudes hacia y las consecuencias del cabildeo en casos particulares. Evaluamos actitudes hacia la ciencia y el cabildeo político en el caso de áreas marinas protegidas (AMP) con base en un muestreo de delegados en el Primer Congreso Internacional de Áreas Marinas Protegidas (1CIAMP). Todos los delegados eran miembros de comunidad internacional de conservación marina y representaban a organizaciones académicas, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. La mayoría de respondientes consideraron que la ciencia es objetiva pero solo una minoría creyó que los valores pueden ser eliminados de la ciencia. Los respondientes mostraron apoyo solo parcial a los principios positivistas de la ciencia. Casi todos los respondientes apoyaron que los científicos deben ser integrados a la definición de políticas para las AMP, mientras que la mitad de los respondientes estuvo de acuerdo en que los científicos deben cabildear activamente a favor de políticas AMP particulares. Los científicos con una visión positivista de la ciencia apoyaron un papel mínimo para los científicos en política, mientras que el personal gubernamental con creencias positivistas apoyó un papel en el cabildeo y toma de decisiones para los científicos. Los procesos de definición de políticas para AMP deben considerar estas actitudes divergentes hacia la ciencia y el cabildeo sí se quiere reconciliar a los métodos basados en ciencia y los participativos. [source]

Medical tests: women's reported and preferred decision-making roles and preferences for information on benefits, side-effects and false results

HEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 4 2002
Heather M. Davey BPsych (Hons)
Abstract Objective, To determine women's preferences for and reported experience with medical test decision-making. Design, Computer-assisted telephone survey. Setting and participants, Six hundred and fifty-two women resident in households randomly selected from the New South Wales electronic white pages. Main outcome measures, Reported and preferred test and treatment (for comparison) decision-making, satisfaction with and anxiety about information on false results and side-effects; and effect of anxiety on desire for such information. Results, Overall most women preferred to share test (94.6%) and treatment (91.2%) decision-making equally with their doctor, or to take a more active role, with only 5.4,8.9% reporting they wanted the doctor to make these decisions on their behalf. This pattern was consistent across all age groups. In general, women reported experiencing a decision-making role that was consistent with their preference. Women who had a usual doctor were more likely to report experiencing an active role in decision-making. More women reported receiving as much information as they wanted about the benefits of tests and treatment than about the side-effects of tests and treatment. Most women wanted information about the possibility of false test results (91.5%) and test side-effects (95.6%), but many reported the doctor never provided this information (false results = 40.0% and side-effects = 31.3%). A substantial proportion said this information would make them anxious (false results = 56.6% and side-effects = 43.1%), but reported they wanted the information anyway (false results = 77.6% and side-effects = 88.1%). Conclusions, Women prefer an active role in test and treatment decision-making. Many women reported receiving inadequate information. If so, this may jeopardize informed decision-making. [source]

Testing a model of symptoms, communication, uncertainty, and well-being, in older breast cancer survivors

RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 1 2006
Margaret F. Clayton
Abstract Among older, long-term breast cancer survivors, symptoms from previous treatment can generate uncertainty about whether they represent co-morbid conditions, recurrence, or normal aging. This uncertainty can result in emotional distress and thoughts of recurrence. Communication with health care providers may help women reduce uncertainty and improve both emotional and cognitive well-being. To assess the influence of symptoms, uncertainty, and communication with providers on well-being, data from 203 Caucasian and African American survivors, 5,9 years post treatment, were tested using structural equation modeling. Symptoms, age, and uncertainty had the strongest influence on well-being, regardless of race. There was an unexpected positive association between patient-provider communication and thoughts of recurrence. Descriptive analysis revealed that 52% of women were unable to achieve their desired decision-making role with health care providers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 29:18,39, 2006 [source]

Gender, Vulnerability, and the Experts: Responding to the Maldives Tsunami

DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 5 2007
Emma Fulu
ABSTRACT This article examines the initial response by national and international agencies to gender issues during the aftermath of the Maldives tsunami, arguing that it was, in general, inadequate. Some agencies took a gender blind approach, ignoring different impacts on men and women, as well as the effects of complex gender relations on relief and recovery efforts. Other agencies paid greater attention to gender relations in their response but tended to focus exclusively on the universal category of the ,vulnerable woman' requiring special assistance, whilst at the same time ignoring men's vulnerabilities. This article argues that such language entrenched women as victims, excluding them from leadership and decision-making roles and as such served to reinforce and re-inscribe women's trauma. It is suggested that it is partly because of the nature of international bureaucracies and the fact that this disaster drew foreign ,experts' from around the world that the response neglected or over-simplified gender issues. [source]