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Deep Sleep (deep + sleep)
Selected AbstractsPulmonary aspiration of a two-unit bridge during a deep sleepJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 6 2005Ö. K. BA summary, Aspiration of teeth and dental restorations is a recognized, yet an infrequent happening in the literature. Main reasons of aspiration are maxillofacial trauma, dental treatment procedures or ethanol intoxication and dementia. The present case of a 2-unit bridge aspiration is however, not related with any trauma, dental procedure or systemic disease. A 37-year-old male patient had aspirated his bridge while sleeping and the bridge remained unidentified for 1 year despite the radiographic controls. He was then referred to the Chest Diseases Department of School of Medicine, Ege University and the radio-opaque object in the right intermediate bronchus was diagnosed to be an aspirated dental prosthesis. Subsequent to the failure of the rigid bronchoscopy, the patient was referred to the Thoracic Surgery Department and had to be operated for retrieval of the foreign body. [source] How does the pitch and pattern of a signal affect auditory arousal thresholds?JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009DOROTHY BRUCK Summary How arousal thresholds vary with different sounds is a critical issue for emergency awakenings, especially as sleepers are dying in fires despite having a working smoke alarm. Previous research shows that the current high-pitched (3000+ Hz) smoke alarm signal is significantly less effective than an alternative signal, the 520 Hz square wave, in all populations tested. However, as the number of sounds tested has been small further research is needed. Here we measured auditory arousal thresholds (AATs) across signals with a range of characteristics to determine the most effective waking signal. Thirty-nine young adults participated over three nights. In Part A, nine signals were presented in stage 4 sleep with ascending decibel levels. Signals were short beeps in the low- to mid-frequency range with different spectral complexities: square waves, pure tones, whoops and white noise. Part B manipulated temporal patterns, inserting silences of 0, 10 and 21 s after each 12 s of beeps. It was found that the low-frequency (400 and 520 Hz) square waves yielded significantly lower AATs than the alternatives. A trend was found across the three temporal manipulations, with a 10 s intervening silence showing some advantage. These findings support earlier research indicating that the best sound for awakening from deep sleep is a low-frequency square wave. It is argued that the signal with the lowest response threshold when awake may be the same as the most arousing signal when asleep, especially where the sleeper processes the signal as meaningful. [source] Assessing the trade-offs between crossover and parallel group designs in sleep researchJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 4 2006CHARLES C. BERRY Summary Sleep researchers invariably struggle with decisions regarding the optimal design for their studies. Whether such studies involve treatment for insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, or any other sleep disorder, questions arise regarding the respective trade-offs between a parallel group and a crossover design. This study analyzed the variance structure of commonly measured polysomnographic variables in an effort to describe the statistical impact of these alternate designs. The study examined the effects of opioids on sleep and employed multiple crossovers between placebo, MS-contin, and methadone using a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Thirty-seven healthy subjects were studied. Four of the subjects were unable to complete the protocol for a variety of reasons, and polysomnogram data was unavailable for one subject. Data from 37 subjects provide the basis for this analysis. Despite dropouts, the crossover study was approximately four times as efficient as the parallel group design in terms of being able to recognize differences in deep sleep across these conditions. Other polysomnographic variables also favored the crossover design to varying extents. Despite the operational complexity of a crossover design, the statistical efficiency of this approach makes it a preferable approach for designing intervention studies in sleep research. [source] Rhythmic movement disorder (head banging) in an adult during rapid eye movement sleepMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 6 2006Kirstie N. Anderson MD Abstract Sleep-related rhythmic movements (head banging or body rocking) are extremely common in normal infants and young children, but less than 5% of children over the age of 5 years old exhibit these stereotyped motor behaviors. They characteristically occur during drowsiness or sleep onset rather than in deep sleep or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We present a 27-year-old man with typical rhythmic movement disorder that had persisted into adult life and was restricted to REM sleep. This man is the oldest subject with this presentation reported to date and highlights the importance of recognizing this nocturnal movement disorder when it does occur in adults. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society [source] Are there ethnic differences in sleep architecture?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Judi Profant The possibility of ethnic differences in sleep architecture was initially examined in conjunction with studies of sleep apnea (study 1). This possibility was then examined in another cohort of patients to determine whether the results might generalize (study 2). Polysomnography was obtained in both cohorts as part of larger protocols investigating sympathetic nervous system activity, blood pressure, and sleep. Sleep monitoring took place in an inpatient clinical research center of a university hospital. Study 1 focused on sleep apnea physiology and involved volunteers with sleep apnea who were otherwise healthy. Study 2 focused on differences in stress reactivity between American Black and White subjects and involved hypertensive and normotensive volunteers who were otherwise healthy. Analyses include 61 participants from study 1 and 35 participants from study 2. Ethnicity in both cohorts was determined by self-report. Participants in both studies were monitored during sleep with traditional polysomnography including electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and oximetry. In Study 1, Blacks had longer TST (P < 0.01), more REM sleep (P < 0.05), and less WASO (P < 0.05) than Whites. After controling for RDI, Blacks had longer TST and spent a smaller percentage of time in deep sleep (P < 0.05). In study 2, Blacks had longer TST and REM sleep, lower percent deep sleep, and lower percent deep sleep controling for RDI (P < 0.05). In two separate studies, Blacks had longer TST, more minutes of REM, and lower percentage deep sleep. These findings suggest possible ethnic differences in sleep architecture. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:321,326, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||