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Deep Breathing (deep + breathing)
Selected AbstractsEffect of deep brain stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic area on the cardiovascular system in chronic cluster headache patientsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 9 2007P. Cortelli The objective of this study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of chronic stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic area (PHA) in cluster headache (CH) patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), cardiac output, total peripheral resistance (TPR), heart rate (HR) and breathing were monitored at supine rest and during head-up tilt test (HUTT), Valsalva manoeuvre, deep breathing, cold face test and isometric handgrip in eight drug-resistant chronic CH patients who underwent monolateral electrode implantation in the PHA for therapeutic purposes. Autoregressive power spectral analysis (PSA) of HR variability (HRV) was calculated at rest and during HUTT. Each subject was studied before surgery (condition A) and after chronic deep brain stimulation (DBS) of PHA (condition B). Baseline SBP, DBP, HR and cardiovascular reflexes were normal and similar in both conditions. With respect to condition A, DBP, TPR and the LF/HF obtained from the PSA of HRV were significantly (P < 0.05) increased during HUTT in condition B. In conclusion, chronic DBS of the PHA in chronic CH patients is associated with an enhanced sympathoexcitatory drive on the cardiovascular system during HUTT. [source] Sural Nerve Pathology In Asymptomatic Minimally Neuropathic Diabetic PatientsJOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Issue 3 2000Ra Malik 12 diabetic patients aged 47.5 ± 9.4 yr., duration of diabetes (14.6 ± 10.3 yr.) and 15 control subjects were studied. In diabetic patients neuropathy symptom score =0, neuropathy deficit score = 4.5 + 0.7/30, vibration = 12.0 + 1.8 V, thermal perception (2.0 + 0.8°C), heart rate variation during deep breathing (17.8 + 2.3), 30:15 ratio (1.31 + 0.07) was normal. Baseline (n=12) and repeat neurophysiology (n=10) performed 8.7 + 0.6 years after sural nerve biopsy demonstrated normal values at baseline, with progression of neuropathy (peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (ms,1) (42.3 + 2.9 v 39.4 +2.0), sural nerve conduction velocity (45.4 + 3.7 v 43.6 + 1.7). Myelinated fibre density, fibre and axonal area and g-ratio were not significantly reduced. Teased fibre studies showed paranodal abnormalities (p < 0.001), segmental demyelination (P < 0.01) with remyelination (P < 0.01) without axonal degeneration. Unassociated Schwann cell profile density (p < 0.04) and axon density (P < 0.001) were increased and axon diameter was decreased (P < 0.007) with a shift of the size frequency distribution to the left (skewness- 0.89 v 0.64, P < 0.03) suggestive of unmyelinated axonal atrophy/regeneration. Endoneurial capillary basement membrane thickening (P < 0.006), endothelial cell hyperplasia (P < 0.004) and luminal narrowing (P < 0.007) occurred. Current measures of neuropathy are too insensitive to detect significant nerve fibre pathology. The presence of microangiopathy provides support for a microvascular basis of diabetic neuropathy. [source] The efficacy of morphine and Entonox analgesia during chest drain removal in childrenPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 3 2006ELIZABETH BRUCE BSc(HONS) MSc RSCN RGN Summary Background:, Morphine is commonly used for chest drain removal pain, although a few studies in adults suggest that inhalation agents may be effective for this procedure. Little is known about chest drain removal pain and its management in children. Methods:, Three separate studies were carried out at a large tertiary pediatric hospital to examine the characteristics and management of chest drain removal pain in children. Study 1 examined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of pain and analgesic practices in 135 nonventilated children aged 1 week to 18 years having chest drains removed. Study 2 was an observation study to determine the efficacy and safety of self-administered Entonox (50% nitrous oxide and oxygen) for chest drain removal pain in 30 children aged 7,18 years. Study 3 was a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing intravenous morphine and continuous flow Entonox for chest drain removal pain in 14 children aged 3.5 months to 2.75 years. Results:, In study 1, the prevalence of moderate to severe pain during chest drain removal was 76%. Morphine was commonly given preprocedure, but the dose varied considerably. In study 2, children experienced a significant increase in pain during the procedure compared with preprocedure pain at rest, despite receiving Entonox, morphine and/or diclofenac. However, procedure pain was no worse than preprocedure pain during movement or deep breathing. A few minor side effects occurred, which resolved spontaneously. In study 3, no differences were found in pain between the two treatment groups. Children experienced moderate to severe pain during the procedure, despite receiving Entonox or morphine. Conclusions:, Morphine or Entonox alone are unlikely to provide adequate analgesia for chest drain removal pain in children. More research is needed to determine the most effective interventions for this procedure. [source] Heart rate variability in type 2 spinocerebellar ataxiaACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2010J. Montes-Brown Montes-Brown J, Sánchez-Cruz G, García AM, Báez ME, Velázquez-Pérez L. Heart rate variability in type 2 spinocerebellar ataxia. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 122: 329,335. © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Munksgaard. Objectives,,, To explore cardiovascular autonomic regulation in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) patients, using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and neurophysiologic autonomic reflex tests, and determine relations and causal related factors of dysautonomia in SCA2. Materials and methods,,, Heart rate variability indices for 5 min series of RR intervals were analyzed in 97 SCA2 patients, assessed quantitatively for somatic and autonomic nervous system complaints applying the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale and Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease (SCOPA-AUT), respectively. Autonomic testing included: resting control, standing, Valsalva maneuver and deep breathing. Results,,, Mean RR, long- and short-term variability indices and spectral density power (LF, HF) indices were lower in the patients group, whereas LF/HF ratio and LF (nu) were higher. Highly differences between groups were observed for seven diagnostic autonomic test indices. Significant correlations were found between different clinical and demographic indices and between clinical indices and some HRV indices. Conclusions,,, We confirm the presence of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in a large group of SCA2 patients. [source] Non-invasive assessment of cardioregulatory autonomic functions in children with epilepsyACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2007H. L. El-Sayed Objectives ,, We aimed to evaluate the interictal cardiovascular autonomic functions in pediatric patients with idiopathic epilepsy, both partial and generalized. Materials and methods ,, The study included 25 patients with idiopathic epilepsy and 50 control subjects. Patients underwent five standardized clinical cardiovascular reflex autonomic tests [resting heart rate (HR), HR response to deep breathing and to Valsalva maneuver, the 30:15 ratio of HR response to standing, and blood pressure response to standing], as well as a 12 lead surface electrocardiogram. Heart rate variability (HRV) was tested via 24-h Holter monitoring and the time domain parameters (SDNN, PNN50, rMSDD) were assessed. Excretion of vanillyl mandelic acid and metanephrine was measured in 24-h urine collection. Results ,, Clinical reflex autonomic tests showed mild dysfunction in 8%, moderate dysfunction in 44% and severe dysfunction in 4% of patients. The HRV parameter, SDNN, was reduced in all age groups, while rMSDD and PNN50 were reduced only in the older age group. Metanephrine levels were significantly reduced in the patients group. Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy had a significantly higher frequency of autonomic dysfunction as assessed by clinical scoring. Conclusion ,, Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is not uncommon in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Altered cardiovascular regulation seems to be related to the epilepsy itself rather than to the characteristics of the disorder. [source] | ||||||||||