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Daytime Activity (daytime + activity)
Selected AbstractsThe needs of older people with dementia in residential careINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2006Geraldine A. Hancock Abstract Background People with dementia often move into care homes as their needs become too complex or expensive for them to remain in their own homes. Little is known about how well their needs are met within care homes. Method The aim of this study was to identify the unmet needs of people with dementia in care and the characteristics associated with high levels of needs. Two hundred and thirty-eight people with dementia were recruited from residential care homes nationally. Needs were identified using the Camberwell Assessment of Needs for the Elderly (CANE). Results Residents with dementia had a mean of 4.4 (SD 2.6) unmet and 12.1 (SD 2.6) met needs. Environmental and physical health needs were usually met. However, sensory or physical disability (including mobility problems and incontinence) needs, mental health needs, and social needs, such as company and daytime activities, were often unmet. Unmet needs were associated with psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, but not with severity of dementia or level of dependency. Conclusion Mental health services and residential home staff need to be aware that many needs remain unmet and much can be done to improve the quality of life of the residents with dementia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Circadian and seasonal rhythms in the behavior of spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris)MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2009Flávio José de Lima Silva Abstract The present study investigated both circadian and seasonal fluctuations in the daytime activities of the spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago in Brazil. The number of dolphins, and aerial, and reproductive activities were documented. The observations were carried out from January 1997 to December 2001. Temporal series and rhythmic characteristics (mesor, rhythmic percentage, and acrophase) were obtained by COSINOR analysis and later compared. The dolphins entered the bay in the morning, displayed aerial and reproductive activities during daytime, and left the bay in late afternoon to the open ocean. This study indicated that the rainy season affected the three behaviors investigated decreasing the rhythms parameter and advancing the beginning of these activities. The number of individuals was higher during the dry season and the animals stayed longer inside the bay. During the dry season, there was a bimodal expression of aerial activity, expressing a longer use of the temporal niche than in the rainy season. The phases with high frequencies of aerial activity seemed associated with those showing high reproductive activity, both with peak frequencies at about 0800. The results represent an important contribution to the advancement of chronobiological studies, and to the biology of cetaceans, considering that the existence of circadian and seasonal rhythms was proven in the behavior of spinner dolphins in an area of the SW Atlantic. Moreover, it allows restricting periods of the day for the activities of tourism as a form of minimizing the impacts of the boats on the dolphins. [source] How many long-stay schizophrenia patients can be discharged in Japan?PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 1 2007IWAO OSHIMA phd Abstract, The mental health-care system in Japan remains hospital-based, and has the largest number of psychiatric beds per capita in the world. However, serious discussion about deinstitutionalization has recently begun. This study attempts to determine the proportion of inpatients that would benefit from community-based programs, as judged by hospital psychiatrists, and to evaluate the need for community resources for their community placement. Inpatients with schizophrenia from 139 hospitals were randomly selected. Data on the psychiatrists' judgment of discharge and required resources for community placement were obtained for 2758 subjects. Among the subjects, 1097 (39.8%) were judged to have the possibility of being discharged using community resources (possible discharge group; PDG). Provided that the proportion of PDG was 40%, controlling for the hospital background variables, the number of schizophrenia inpatients with a hospital stay of ,1 year who could be discharged from psychiatric hospitals in Japan was estimated to be 66 000. For the PDG, the required community resources, including accommodation, daytime activity, and daily living support services, were calculated. The numbers of governmental targets for community resources, including community accommodation, daytime activities, and daily living support services may have been underestimated. [source] Effects of stocked trout on native fish communities in boreal foothills lakesECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH, Issue 2 2010Leslie E. Nasmith Nasmith LE, Tonn WM, Paszkowski CA, Scrimgeour GJ. Effects of stocked trout on native fish communities in boreal foothills lakes. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 279,289. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract,,, Ecological effects of stocking nonnative trout into lakes are receiving increased attention, especially in alpine environments. We assessed effects of stocked trout on native forage fishes in the boreal foothills of Alberta (Canada) by comparing fish density, population size structure and spatial and temporal activities in stocked and unstocked lakes over 3 years (2005,2007). The numerically dominant dace (primarily Phoxinus spp.) were larger in stocked lakes, consistent with size-limited predation. Dace were also more crepuscular and concentrated on the lake-bottom in stocked lakes, compared to more daytime activity in the water column in unstocked lakes. There were, however, no demonstrable effects of trout on the abundance of forage fish. The lack of major population-level impacts of stocked trout suggests that current stocking practices, characteristics of boreal foothill lakes (e.g. thermal structure, abundant invertebrates, dense macrophytes) and/or behavioural adjustments of forage fish contribute to healthy native fish populations in our stocked lakes. [source] Effect of Antipsychotic Withdrawal on Behavior and Sleep/Wake Activity in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Study The Bergen District Nursing Home StudyJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 10 2004Sabine Ruths MD Objectives: To explore the effect on sleep/wake activity and on behavioral and psychological symptoms of the withdrawal of antipsychotic medications from nursing home (NH) patients with dementia. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Setting: NHs in Bergen, Norway. Participants: Thirty patients (mean age 83.5) taking haloperidol, risperidone, or olanzapine for nonpsychotic symptoms. Intervention: Study participants were randomly assigned to withdrawal (intervention group) or continued treatment with antipsychotic medications (reference group) for 4 consecutive weeks. Measurements: Behavioral rating using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and actigraphy. Results: After antipsychotic withdrawal, behavioral scores remained stable or improved in 11 of 15 patients, whereas four had worsening scores. Actigraphy revealed decreased sleep efficiency after drug discontinuation and increased 24-hour and night activity in both groups. Actigraphy records of nighttime and daytime activity indicated sleep problems and restlessness, in terms of the NPI-Q. One patient was restarted on antipsychotics. Conclusion: Antipsychotic drug withdrawal affected activity and sleep efficiency over the short term. Increases in total activity and impaired sleep quality after drug discontinuation should be monitored, because the long-term effect of these changes is not known. The NPI-Q and actigraphy are feasible tools that disclose relevant changes occurring during antipsychotic withdrawal in NH patients with dementia. Their use in clinical practice should be substantiated by larger studies. [source] Objective investigation of the sleep,wake cycle in adults with intellectual disabilities and autistic spectrum disordersJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2006D. J. Hare Abstract Background Disturbances in circadian rhythm functioning, as manifest in abnormal sleep,wake cycles, have been postulated to be present in people with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs). To date, research into the sleep,wake cycle in people with ASDs has been primarily dependant on third-party data collection. Method The utilization of non-invasive objective recording technologies such as actigraphy permits investigation of both sleep and circadian rhythm functioning in people with ASDs, together with the collection of data on daytime activity. Results Data were collected from 31 participants with intellectual disabilities living in supported community-based residential provision aged between 20 and 58 years, of whom 14 had an ASD. Analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in sleep patterns and circadian rhythm function between those participants with an ASD and those without. Conclusions The mean scores of the participants as a whole indicated abnormalities in the two key circadian rhythm parameters of interdaily stability and intradaily variability. The implications of these findings for both clinical practice and theory are discussed. [source] How many long-stay schizophrenia patients can be discharged in Japan?PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 1 2007IWAO OSHIMA phd Abstract, The mental health-care system in Japan remains hospital-based, and has the largest number of psychiatric beds per capita in the world. However, serious discussion about deinstitutionalization has recently begun. This study attempts to determine the proportion of inpatients that would benefit from community-based programs, as judged by hospital psychiatrists, and to evaluate the need for community resources for their community placement. Inpatients with schizophrenia from 139 hospitals were randomly selected. Data on the psychiatrists' judgment of discharge and required resources for community placement were obtained for 2758 subjects. Among the subjects, 1097 (39.8%) were judged to have the possibility of being discharged using community resources (possible discharge group; PDG). Provided that the proportion of PDG was 40%, controlling for the hospital background variables, the number of schizophrenia inpatients with a hospital stay of ,1 year who could be discharged from psychiatric hospitals in Japan was estimated to be 66 000. For the PDG, the required community resources, including accommodation, daytime activity, and daily living support services, were calculated. The numbers of governmental targets for community resources, including community accommodation, daytime activities, and daily living support services may have been underestimated. [source] Ethnic (Black-White) Contrasts in 24-Hour Heart Rate Variability in Male Adolescents with High and Low Blood Pressure: The Bogalusa Heart StudyANNALS OF NONINVASIVE ELECTROCARDIOLOGY, Issue 3 2000Elaine M. Urbina M.D. Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to study autonomic effects on the heart. The time-domain measure RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences) represents high frequency (HF) changes in HRV reflecting parasympathetic nervous system activity (PS). The frequency-domain ratio of low to high power (LF/HF) represents sympathetic (SYMP) to PS balance. In adults, increased SYMP tone has been found in hypertensive as compared to normals. The present study was performed to look for differences in HRV by race and between young subjects with high and low levels of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Methods: Subjects included 34 healthy males age 13,17 years (53% white). Half were selected with K4 DBP < 85th% for height (HT) measured twice, 3,5 years apart. Half had DBP < 15th% for HT. Subjects underwent a physical examination including BP, HT, WT, and ECG prior to Holter monitor application. HRV data was analyzed from 24-hour Holter recordings obtained during normal activity. Results: The RMSSD was lower in whites compared to blacks for day, night, and 24-hour average (P , 0.05) with day-time measurements showing the largest racial difference. This suggests increased PS tone in blacks especially with activity. The LF/HF ratio was higher in whites for all times, reaching significance during the day (all P , 0.05) suggesting SYMP predominance in whites during activity. Subjects with higher levels of DBP had lower RMSSD and higher LF/HF ratio for all times, but these did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: There is a trend towards SYMP predominance in children with higher DBP. Healthy white adolescents exhibit increased SYMP tone compared to blacks when measured during normal daytime activity. [source] | |||||||||||||