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Additional Toxicity (additional + toxicity)
Selected AbstractsPostpolymerization modification of poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate): Synthesis of a diverse water-soluble polymer libraryJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 17 2009Matthew I. Gibson Abstract This article explores the feasibility of poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) (PPFMA) prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization as a platform for the preparation of diverse libraries of functional polymers via postpolymerization modification with primary amines. Experiments with a broad range of functional amines and PPFMA precursors of different molecular weights indicated that the postpolymerization modification reaction proceeds with good to excellent conversion for a diverse variety of functional amines and is essentially independent of the PPFMA precursor molecular weight. The RAFT end group, which was well preserved throughout the polymerization, is cleaved during postpolymerization modification to generate a thiol end group that provides possibilities for further orthogonal chain-end modification reactions. The degree of postpolymerization modification can be controlled by varying the relative amount of primary amine that is used and random polymethacrylamide copolymers can be prepared via a one-pot/two-step sequential addition procedure. Cytotoxicity experiments revealed that the postpolymerization modification strategy does not lead to any additional toxicity compared with the corresponding polymer obtained via direct polymerization, which makes this approach also of interest for the synthesis of biologically active polymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4332,4345, 2009 [source] Combining etanercept with traditional agents in the treatment of psoriasis: a review of the clinical evidenceJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 10 2010PA Foley Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder manifesting primarily in skin and potentially in joints, frequently necessitating treatment with conventional systemic therapies, phototherapy or biological agents. Patients with moderate to severe disease suffer a diminished quality of life, experience significant comorbidities and have a higher mortality. Although traditional treatments are effective in the short-term, their use is often limited by concerns over long-term toxicity, including end-organ damage and risk of malignancy. Combination therapy is a commonly used approach and is often more effective than any single agent. Lower doses of two treatments in combination can also minimize potential side effects from a single agent at higher doses. Etanercept is a recombinant human tumour necrosis factor (TNF), receptor (p75) protein fused with the Fc portion of IgG1 that binds to TNF,. This article reviews the evidence on the efficacy and safety of etanercept in combination with methotrexate, acitretin, narrowband UVB and cyclosporin. The largest body of evidence assesses the combination with methotrexate, although evidence is available for the other combinations. Data suggest that although highly effective as monotherapy, etanercept in combination with a conventional systemic agent can enhance efficacy and allow drug sparing. Potentially, the combination may also result in faster treatment responses and permit safe transitioning from one systemic agent to another. Evidence to date suggests that these benefits can be achieved without significant additional toxicity, although long-term data on the efficacy and safety of the combination in psoriatic populations is limited and further evaluation is warranted. [source] Dose-intensified treatment of Burkitt lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable, (with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma) in young adults (<50 years): A comparison of two adapted BFM protocols,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Sudhir Tauro The chemotherapy dose-intensity in two adapted German BFM paediatric protocols (BFM 90 and NHL 86) was compared in contemporaneously treated adults <50 years with Burkitt lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (collectively referred to as BL). In BFM 90, primary prophylaxis with Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor was used, postinduction treatment was started at granulocytes ,0.5 × 109/L (,1.0 × 109/L in NHL 86) with a higher mean methotrexate dose (2.9 g/m2/cycle, n = 23; 1.6 g/m2/cycle in NHL 86, n = 22, P < 0.001). Intervals between consecutive treatment-cycles were shorter in BFM 90 (P < 0.001) with no additional toxicity. However, the two-year failure-free survival with BFM 90 (82%) was similar to that achieved with NHL 86 (72%, P = 0.33). We conclude that BFM 90 enables safe intensification of therapy in young adults with BL compared to NHL 86, but registry-based studies are required to further evaluate the antineoplastic effects and cost-effectiveness of the two therapeutic approaches. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Repeated courses of rituximab in chronic ITP: Three different regimens,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, Issue 10 2009Aisha Hasan This study investigated responses to retreatment with rituximab in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients. Treatment with rituximab in chronic ITP patients induces long-lasting responses in ,30% of patients but even these patients may relapse. Twenty patients who had achieved a response to rituximab and relapsed were retreated with rituximab (375 mg/m2× 4); this data was analyzed retrospectively. Subsequently, 16 patients were prospectively randomized to receive rituximab with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (R-CVP) or double dose rituximab (DDR). Retreatment with standard dose rituximab demonstrated responses similar to initial rituximab treatment in 15 of 20 patients. Neither of the two more intensive regimens (R-CVP, DDR) induced responses in any patient who had previously failed to respond to rituximab nor induced substantially longer-lasting responses among previous responders. No additional toxicity was noted with the DDR regimen, whereas R-CVP was not well tolerated. These results suggest that retreatment with standard dose rituximab induces similar responses in 75% of previously responding patients and is well tolerated. Neither combining rituximab with CVP nor doubling the dose of rituximab increased the response rate. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Position paper on the therapeutic use of rituximab in CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomaBRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Ruth Pettengell Summary. The available data on rituximab in combination with chemotherapy confirm that the addition of an independently active biological agent to full-dose standard chemotherapy results in higher rates of complete response, lower rates of relapse, prolonged survival, little additional toxicity and no compromise of the dose intensity of standard chemotherapy regardless of age and risk group. Given the strength of these data, the British Committee for Standards in Haematology believes that rituximab should be available for prescription by UK haematologists and oncologists according to its licensed indication in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma until further data are available to confirm or refute these results. We consider that the use of rituximab with chemotherapy in aggressive lymphoma is cost-effective and that failure to support its introduction will be strongly in conflict with professional and patient opinion. [source] | ||||||||||