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Selected AbstractsManagement of bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a reviewANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 1-2 2010Wan Yee Lau Abstract Background:, Bile duct injury following cholecystectomy is an iatrogenic catastrophe which is associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality, reduced long-term survival and quality of life, and high rates of subsequent litigation. The aim of this article was to review the management of bile duct injury after cholecystectomy. Methods:, Medline and PubMed database search was undertaken to identify articles in English from 1970 to 2008 using the key words ,bile duct injury', ,cholecystectomy' and ,classification'. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. Case report was excluded. Results:, Early recognition of bile duct injury is of paramount importance. Only 25%,32.4% of injuries are recognized during operation. The majority of patients present initially with non-specific symptoms. Management depends on the timing of recognition, the type, extent and level of the injury. Immediate recognition and repair are associated with improved outcome, and the minimum standard of care after recognition of bile duct injury is immediate referral to a surgeon experienced in bile duct injury repair. There is a growing body of literature supporting the importance of early referral to a tertiary care hospital which can provide a multidisciplinary approach to treat bile duct injury. Inadequate management may lead to severe complications. Conclusions:, None of the classification system is universally accepted as each has its own limitation. The optimal management depends on the timing of recognition of injury, the extent of bile duct injury, the patient's condition and the availability of experienced hepatobiliary surgeons. [source] Plant invasion ecology , dispatches from the front lineDIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, Issue 5-6 2004David M. Richardson ABSTRACT This issue of Diversity and Distributions carries papers on a wide range of topics dealing with invasions of introduced plant species. The collection of articles did not arise from a conference or workshop, but grew from a founder population of contributed manuscripts. Some additional papers were solicited to ensure coverage of other established or emerging fields of research in plant invasion ecology. The compilation represents a reasonable cross section of issues that currently occupy plant invasion ecologists. The editorial places the contributions in context and summarizes some key findings. It also suggests some profitable avenues for future research in plant invasion ecology. [source] The Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori and Public Health ImplicationsHELICOBACTER, Issue 2009Nuno F. Azevedo Abstract This article presents a review of the literature on the epidemiology and public health implications of Helicobacter pylori infection published from April 2008 through to March 2009. The authors used MeSH terms "Helicobacter infections epidemiology,""Helicobacter infections prevention and control" to search multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Cochrane Library, EBMR, BIOSIS), and independently searched PubMed using the term "Helicobacter" with "Epidemiology,""Transmission,""Prevalence" or "Environment." Articles without topical relevance were excluded. Two additional papers known to the authors were added. The identified literature is summarized by subtopic: reviews; prevalence; incidence; transmission; risk factors; and public health policy. [source] Attrition, occlusion, (dys)function, and intervention: a systematic reviewCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 2007Arie Van 't Spijker Abstract Objectives: Attrition and occlusal factors and masticatory function or dysfunction are thought to be related. This study aims to systematically review the literature on this topic with the emphasis to find evidence for occlusion-based treatment protocols for attrition. Materials and methods: Literature was searched using PubMed (1980 to 2/2006) and the Cochrane Library of Clinical Trials with the keywords ,tooth' and ,wear'. Five steps were followed. Exclusion was based on the following: (1) reviews, case-reports, studies on non-human tooth material, and studies not published in English and (2) historical or forensic studies. Included were (3) in vivo studies. Next, studies on (4) occlusal factors, function or dysfunction [temporomandibular disorders (TMD), bruxism], or intervention, and (5) attrition were included. Two investigators independently assessed the abstracts; measure of agreement was calculated using Cohen's ,; disagreement was resolved by discussion. Full-text articles were obtained and correlation between outcomes on occlusal factors, (dys)function, treatment, and attrition were retrieved. References in the papers included in the final analysis were cross-matched with the original list of references to add references that met the inclusion criteria. Results: The search procedure revealed 1289 references on tooth wear. The numbers of included studies after each step were (1) 345 (,=0.8), (2) 287 (,=0.87), (3) 174 (,=0.99), (4) 81 (,=0.71), and (5) 27 (,=0.68). Hand searches through the reference lists revealed six additional papers to be included. Analysis of the 33 included papers failed to find sound evidence for recommending a certain occlusion-based treatment protocol above another in the management of attrition. Conclusion: Some studies reported correlations between attrition and anterior spatial relationships. No studies were found suggesting that absent posterior support necessarily leads to increased attrition, though one study found that fewer number of teeth resulted in higher tooth wear index (on the remaining teeth). Attrition seems to be co-existent with self-reported bruxism. Reports on attrition and TMD signs and symptoms provide little understanding of the relationship between the two. [source] |