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Daily Ingestion (daily + ingestion)
Selected AbstractsClinical trial: gluten microchallenge with wheat-based starch hydrolysates in coeliac disease patients , a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate safetyALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 10 2008K. KAUKINEN Summary Background, Wheat-based starch hydrolysates such as glucose syrups, dextrose and maltodextrins are found in more than 50% of European processed food. These products contain low amounts of residual gluten and it has been questioned whether they are safe for coeliac disease patients. Aim, To investigate whether coeliac disease patients can safely consume wheat-based starch hydrolysate products. Methods, This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective follow-up study involved 90 coeliac disease patients in remission randomized to consume glucose syrups, maltodextrins or placebo for 24 weeks. Small bowel mucosal morphology and inflammation, symptoms, coeliac serology and malabsorption laboratory data were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Results, Daily ingestion of wheat-based starch hydrolysates, glucose syrups and maltodextrins, had no deleterious effect on small-bowel mucosal villous architecture or inflammation in coeliac disease patients when compared to the placebo group. Neither were there any significant differences in gastrointestinal symptoms, serology or malabsorption parameters after 24 weeks. Conclusions, Wheat-based starch hydrolysates, glucose syrups and maltodextrins did not have harmful effect on coeliac disease patients. Coeliac patients can thus safely continue to consume these products. [source] Daily ingestion of green tea catechins from adulthood suppressed brain dysfunction in aged miceBIOFACTORS, Issue 4 2008Keiko Unno Abstract Oxidative damage is believed to be an important cause of senescence. We have previously found that green tea catechins (GT-catechin), potent antioxidants, decrease oxidative damage to DNA and suppress brain dysfunction in aged senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP10) when ingested from the age of 1 month to the age of 12 months. To clarify the effect of GT-catechin on suppression of brain senescence, we investigated the effect of starting period to ingest GT-catechin. Six- or 9-month-old SAMP10 mice were allowed free access to water containing 0.02% GT-catechin. SAMP10 mice exhibit senescence characteristics such as shortened life span, atrophied forebrain and lowered learning and memory abilities. Learning ability was significantly higher in mice that ingested GT-catechin from the age of 6 months to 12 months when compared with same-aged control mice drank water without GT-catechin. Starting GT-catechin intake from the age of 9 months tended to improve learning ability. The ages of 6 and 9 months are thought to be adult and middle ages, respectively in SAMP10 mice. This result suggested that GT-catechin was helpful in suppressing brain dysfunction with aging even when ingestion started at the adult age. [source] High-dose squalene ingestion increases type I procollagen and decreases ultraviolet-induced DNA damage in human skin in vivo but is associated with transient adverse effectsCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009S. Cho Summary Background., Evidence for beneficial effects of squalene on ultraviolet (UV)-induced photoageing of the skin is lacking. Aim., To investigate whether squalene supplementation improves signs and molecular markers of photoageing in human skin in vivo. Methods., In total, 40 female volunteers aged > 50 years received two different doses [13.5 g/day (low-dose group) and 27 g/day (high-dose group)] of squalene for 90 days. At baseline and at the completion of the study, facial wrinkles were measured using skin replicas. Skin samples were taken to compare type I procollagen and matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA levels by real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR, and for type I procollagen immunostaining. Skin samples were also taken 24 h after 2 × minimal erythema dose (MED) of UV irradiation before and after squalene intake to assess UV-induced thymine dimer formation and keratinocytic apoptosis. Results., In total, 37 subjects completed the trial. Transient loose stool was experienced by 35% of volunteers in the low-dose group and 55% in the high-dose group. Facial wrinkles decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the high-dose group, while procollagen type I mRNA levels and MED increased significantly in the low-dose group. Procollagen immunostaining tended to increase in both groups. Facial erythema decreased and pigmentation increased significantly in both groups. UV-induced keratinocytic apoptosis and thymine dimer staining were substantially reduced in both groups. Conclusions., Daily ingestion of 13.5 or 27 g of squalene per day resulted in antiageing effects in photoaged skin. However, in view of the frequent incidence of loose stool experienced by the subjects, the risk,benefit ratio of high-dose squalene supplementation is too high to recommend it for treating skin ageing. [source] Fluoride ingestion from food items and dentifrice in 2,6-year-old Brazilian children living in a fluoridated area using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaireCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Ana Paula Borges Miziara Abstract,,, Objectives:, The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride intake of 2,6-year-old Brazilian children using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which also estimated fluoride intake from dentifrice. Methods:, The FFQ was previously validated through application to 78 2,6-year-old Brazilian children and then administered to 379 children residing in an optimally fluoridated community in Brazil (Bauru, State of São Paulo). The FFQ was applied to the parents and used to estimate the food intake of the children. The constituents of the diet were divided into solids, water and other beverages. The fluoride content of the diet items was analyzed with the fluoride electrode. The questionnaire also estimated fluoride intake from dentifrice. Results:, The average (±SD) fluoride intake from solids, water, other beverages and dentifrice was 0.008 ± 0.005; 0.011 ± 0.004; 0.009 ± 0.014 and 0.036 ± 0.028 mg F/kg body weight/day, respectively, totalizing 0.064 ± 0.035 mg F/kg body weight/day. The dentifrice and the diet contributed with 56.3% and 43.7% of the daily fluoride intake, respectively. Among the children evaluated, 31.2% are estimated to have risk to develop dental fluorosis (intake>0.07 mg F/kg body weight/day). Conclusions:, The dentifrice was the main source of fluoride intake by the children evaluated. However, the fluoride concentration in food items also significantly contributed to the daily ingestion by 2,6-year-old children. The questionnaire used seems to be a promising alternative to duplicate diet to estimate the fluoride intake at this age range and may have potential to be used in broad epidemiological surveys. [source] | ||||||||||