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Dactylis Glomerata L. (dactylis + glomerata_l)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Earth and Environmental Science	100%

Selected Abstracts

Re-evaluation of the liming-fertilization interaction in grasslands on poor and acid soils

GRASS & FORAGE SCIENCE, Issue 2 2010
V. Poozesh
Abstract The effect of surface liming on herbage production in permanent grasslands is rather uncertain. To better understand the effect of liming on the grassland, a study was made with a field experiment and a pot experiment with soil from the same field. In the field, the effects of liming and NPK fertilization on the production and composition of the vegetation were studied. In pots, the effects of liming and phosphate fertilization on different grass species were analysed. The effect of NPK fertilization (+3·96 t ha,1) on the production of the original grassland was greater than that of liming (+0·68 t ha,1), which was only observed (P < 0·05) on the unfertilized plots. Liming increased the total number of species and the proportion of dicotyledons. After replacing the semi-natural community with Dactylis glomerata L., the effects of liming (+2·37 t ha,1) and fertilization (+6·52 t ha,1) were increased. These results, together with those of the pot trial, show the important role of phosphorus in the fertilization effect, and are interpreted as a protective effect of P against aluminium toxicity. [source]

Changes in the physiology and feed quality of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) during regrowth

GRASS & FORAGE SCIENCE, Issue 3 2002
R. P. Rawnsley
Abstract A glasshouse study was undertaken to determine the physiological and morphological changes in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) during regrowth after defoliation. Individual plants were arranged in a mini-sward in a randomized complete block design. Treatments involved harvesting each time one new leaf had expanded (one-leaf stage), up to the six-leaf stage, with the plants separated into leaf, stubble (tiller bases) and roots. Stubble and root water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), stubble and leaf dry matter (DM), tiller number per plant and leaf quality (crude protein (CP), estimated metabolizable energy (ME) and mineral content) were measured to develop optimal defoliation management of cocksfoot-based pastures. WSC concentration in stubble and roots was highest at the five- and six-leaf stages. Mean WSC concentration (g kg,1 DM) was greater in stubble than roots (32·7 ± 5·9 vs. 9·4 ± 1·5 respectively). There was a strong positive linear relationship between plant WSC concentration and leaf DM, root DM and tillers per plant after defoliation (Adj R2 = 0·72, 0·88 and 0·95 respectively). Root DM plant,1 and tiller DM tiller,1 decreased immediately following defoliation and remained low until the three-leaf stage, then increased from the four-leaf stage. Tillers per plant remained stable until the four-leaf stage, after which they increased (from 9·9 ± 0·5 to 15·7 ± 1·0 tillers plant,1). Estimated metabolizable energy concentration (MJ kg,1 DM) was significantly lower at the six-leaf stage (11·01 ± 0·06) than at any previous leaf regrowth stage, whereas CP concentration (g kg,1 DM) decreased with regrowth to the six-leaf stage. Both the levels of ME and CP concentrations were indicative of a high quality forage throughout regrowth (11·37 ± 0·04 and 279 ± 8·0 for ME and CP respectively). Results from this study give a basis for determining appropriate criteria for grazing cocksfoot-based pastures. The optimal defoliation interval for cocksfoot appears to be between the four- and five-leaf stages of regrowth. Delaying defoliation to the four-leaf stage allows time for replenishment of WSC reserves, resumption of root growth and an increase in tillering, and is before herbage is lost and quality falls due to onset of leaf senescence. [source]

Impact of Phosphorus from Dairy Manure and Commercial Fertilizer on Perennial Grass Forage Production

JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 6 2003
E. A. Mikhailova
Abstract Increased recovery and recycling of manure phosphorus (P) by crops on dairy farms is needed to minimize environmental problems. The main objective of this study was to compare P utilization by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) from dairy manure or inorganic fertilizer. The study was conducted from 1994 to 2000 at the Cornell University Baker Farm, Willsboro, NY, on a somewhat poorly drained Kingsbury clay (very,fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs). The design was a split-plot in a randomized complete block with two manure rates (16 800 and 33 600 kg ha,1) and one nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate (84 kg N ha,1 at spring greenup and 56 kg N ha,1 prior to each regrowth harvest) as the main plots and grass species as subplots replicated six times. Fertilizer P [Ca(H2PO4)2] was applied to the fertilizer treatment in 1995 and 1996 at 11 kg P ha,1 year,1. Orchardgrass P removal averaged 21 % higher than tall fescue P removal for the spring harvest, but orchardgrass averaged 24 % lower P removal than tall fescue removal for all regrowth harvests from 1995,99. Phosphorus herbage concentration in the fertilizer treatment was in the range of 1.9,2.7 g P kg,1 compared with 2.2,5.3 g P kg,1 in the manure treatments. Seasonal P removal ranged from as low as 9.2 kg P ha,1 to as high as 48.5 kg P ha,1. Morgan extractable soil P in the top 0,0.20 m remained high through 1999, with 29.1 kg P ha,1 at the highest manure rate in tall fescue compared with 8.4 kg P ha,1 measured in 1993 prior to the experiment. In 2000, soil P at the highest manure rate in tall fescue dropped to 10.1 kg P ha,1, following cessation of manure application in 1998. Intensively managed harvested orchardgrass and tall fescue have the potential to remove large quantities of manure P. [source]