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DNA Positive (dna + positive)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences66%

Kinds of DNA Positive

  • hbv dna positive
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    Selected Abstracts

    Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a North American adult hemodialysis patient population

    HEPATOLOGY, Issue 5 2004
    Gerald Y. Minuk
    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections continue to occur in adult hemodialysis units. A possible contributing factor is the presence of occult HBV (serum hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] negative but HBV DNA positive). Two hundred forty-one adult hemodialysis patients were screened for occult HBV. HBV DNA testing was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 2 independent primer sets (core promoter and surface). Two (0.8%) of the 241 patients were HBsAg positive. Of the remaining 239 HBsAg-negative patients, 9 (3.8%) were HBV DNA positive. Viral loads in these individuals were low (102 -104 viral copies/mL). Seven of the 9 (78%) were nt 587 mutation (sG145R mutant) positive. Demographic, biochemical, and HBV serological testing did not help to identify those with occult HBV. In conclusion, the prevalence of occult HBV in adult hemodialysis patients in this North American urban center is approximately 4 to 5 times higher than standard HBsAg testing would suggest. The majority of these infections are associated with low viral loads and a high prevalence of the sG145R mutant. Finally, the demographic, biochemical, and/or serological features of HBV DNA,positive subjects do not distinguish these individuals from the remainder of the dialysis patient population. (HEPATOLOGY 2004; 40:1072,1077.) [source]

    High prevalence of an active cytomegalovirus infection in the appendix of immunocompetent patients with acute appendicitis

    INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 2 2008
    Mensur Dzabic
    Abstract Background Appendicitis is a very common surgical diagnosis with unclear pathology. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can modulate our immune system and has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and various other inflammatory diseases. Methods We investigated the association between HCMV and acute appendicitis in 14 immunocompetent patients. Tissue sections from 10 AIDS patients with verified HCMV infection were used as positive controls, and uninflamed intestinal tissue sections from 12 patients were used as negative controls. Results Cells double positive for HCMV early antigens and IL-6/IL-8 were observed in the appendices of 64.3% of appendicitis patients (9 of 14) by immunohistochemical analysis. HCMV late antigen was found in the appendices of 42.9% of the acute appendicitis patients (6 of 14). Latent HCMV appendix infection, as verified by in situ hybridization, as well as HCMV IgG, was observed in 78.6% of patients (11 of 14). The study samples from all 6 healthy appendices were negative for HCMV early and late antigens, although 50% (3 of 6) were HCMV IgG and HCMV DNA positive. Conclusions We have shown that HCMV infection of the appendix is associated with acute appendicitis (P = 0.002) and possibly with the severity of the disease. Our study identified HCMV as a pathogen to be sought for in the appendicitis patient group, possibly allowing further medical treatment of these patients. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007) [source]

    Identification of human papillomavirus in keratoacanthomas

    JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2003
    Ola Forslund
    Background:, Keratoacanthomas are benign, clinically distinct skin tumors that may infiltrate and show cellular atypia. A viral etiology has been suggested, and the aim was to search for human papillomavirus (HPV) in keratoacanthomas. Methods:, From 21 immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients and 11 non-immunosuppressed patients, 72 fresh biopsies with diagnosis of keratoacanthomas were analyzed. For detection of cutaneous and genital HPV DNA, single-tube nested ,hanging droplet' polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and another PCR (GP5+ and 6+) were used, respectively. Results:, Among 21 immunosuppressed patients, 71% (15/21) harbored HPV DNA at least in one sample. Of the keratoacanthoma lesions, 55% (33/60) were HPV DNA positive. Fourteen samples from eight immunosuppressed patients contained HPV types 5, 9, 10, 14, 19, 20, 21, 38, 49, 80, putative HPV types as HPVvs20-4, HPVvs75, and HPVvs92 and FA16.1, FA23.2, FA37, FA75, and FA81. Among 11 non-immunosuppressed patients, 36% (4/11) harbored HPV DNA at least in one sample, and 33% (4/12) of their keratoacanthomas were HPV DNA positive. In total, HPV DNA was detected in 51% (37/72) of the keratoacanthomas. Conclusions:, By the use of PCR, cutaneous HPV DNA was detected in 51% (37/72) of the keratoacanthomas. No predominating HPV type or genital HPV type was identified. The role of HPV in keratoacanthomas remains thus elusive. [source]

    Increased detection of HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative South African HIV/AIDS patients enrolling for highly active antiretroviral therapy at a Tertiary Hospital

    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 3 2009
    Azwidowi Lukhwareni
    Abstract This retrospective study investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 192 stored sera from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive South African patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), and explored the implications of HBV,HIV co-infection on laboratory diagnosis of HBV. HBV serology (HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc) and nested HBV PCR assays targeting the HBV polymerase gene were performed, with HBV DNA positive samples being quantified with Cobas Taqman HBV test 48 assay (Roche Diagnostics). The study found that 63% (121/192) of patients had past or present HBV infection, and 40.6% (78/192) had detectable HBV DNA. Also, 22.9% (44/192) of patients were HBsAg positive and HBV DNA positive, while 23% (34/148) of HBsAG negatives had occult HBV infections. Of the 78 HBV DNA positive samples, 62.8% had viral loads ranging from 102 to ,108 IU/ml, and 37.2% had HBV viral loads <200 IU/ml. There was a statistically significant positive association between HBsAg-positivity and high viral loads, with 27% (12/44) of HBsAg positives having HBV viral loads between 104 and ,108 IU/ml, compared to only 5.9% (2/34) of HBsAg negatives (relative risk: 4.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.11, 19.35; chi-square P -value,=,0.015). The study shows that the majority of HIV/AIDS patients initiating ART have either acute or chronic HBV infections, and further confirms that HIV remains a risk factor for occult HBV infections in South African patients as previously shown. The findings strongly support HBV screening in all HIV-positive patients initiating ART in South Africa, considering that current ART regimens include drugs with anti-HBV activity (e.g., lamivudine). J. Med. Virol. 81:406,412, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Prevalence of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 in a cohort of Greek women

    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 12 2007
    Efstathia Panotopoulou
    Abstract To study HPV prevalence and HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 distribution in cervical smears in a cohort of Greek women. One thousand six hundred thirty-six samples were cytologically evaluated and molecularly analyzed, by PCR based assay. Abnormal cytology was identified in 997 women and 75.4% of them were HPV DNA positive, while 639 had normal cytology and 24.6% were HPV DNA positive. HPV was detected in 62.9% of 256 ASCUS smears, 89.3% of 516 LSIL, 86.7% of 60 HSIL and 47.3% of 165 with cervical carcinoma. Overall, HPV 11 was the most common type (13.4%), followed by 18 (10.3%), 6 (7.2%), 16 (6.4%), 31 (3.4%) and 33 (3.4%). Multiple infections with two (11.3%) or more types, primarily 11 and 18 (4.8%), were also identified. Low-risk types 11 and 6 were common in ASCUS (36.6% and 26.4%, respectively), and high-risk types 16 and 18 in HSIL (42.3% and 30.8%, respectively) and in cancer (51.3% and 41%, respectively). Multiple infections were detected in 2.2% of normal and 31.7% of HSIL. HPV prevalence was 75.4% in abnormal and 24.6% in normal cervical smears. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common types in cancer. Single infection with type 11 and multiple infections with 11 and 18 were more frequent. J. Med. Virol. 79:1898,1905, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Perinatal and intrafamily transmission of hepatitis B virus in three generations of a low-prevalence population

    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 2 2003
    Katalin Ördög
    Abstract Family members of 47 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-carrier pregnant women were tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), other markers of HBV infection, and hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies. Eleven members of six families were found to be HBV DNA positive. Five of the anti-HBe-positive persons were found to be HBV DNA carriers, too. The mean age of the HBV DNA carriers was found to be lower than that of Hbe carriers; therefore, it is suggested that seroconversion to HBe occurs before the resolution of HBV DNA carrier state. Superinfection with hepatitis A virus was not found to influence the elimination of HBV-carrier state, as there was no correlation found between the hepatitis A exposure and the hepatitis B virus markers in the families. The low HBV prevalence in the population (0.3%) was in contrast to the high prevalence of the families of the HBV-carrier mothers (27.1%) and family members with HBV markers (50.4%). Significant positive correlation was found in the proportion of HBV-positive children, and the HBV history of their parents. When fathers were shown to be seronegative, the probability of HBV transmission was reduced by a factor of 6 (12.5% instead of 75%) probably due to reduced viral load and possibly by other factors. Several results indicate, that the noncytocidal hepatitis B virus clearing mechanism suggested by Guidotti et al. [1996, 1999] was effective also in the HBV-carrier human population. J. Med. Virol. 70: 194,204, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Lamivudine after hepatitis B immune globulin is effective in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation

    LIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 4 2000
    S. Forrest Dodson MD
    The prevention of recurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is expensive and requires indefinite parenteral administration. Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue capable of inhibiting HBV replication. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of lamivudine in the prevention of recurrent HBV infection after a course of HBIG in patients who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) negative before OLT. Patients at high risk for recurrent HBV infection (HBeAg positive and HBV DNA positive) were excluded. Thirty HBsAg-positive, HBeAg-negative patients underwent OLT from January 1993 to June 1997. All 30 patients were administered HBIG after OLT and, after 2 years, were given the option of continuing with HBIG or switching to lamivudine. Five patients were excluded: 3 patients were lost to follow-up and 2 patients died of technical complications. Three patients terminated HBIG therapy at 8, 24, and 29 months after OLT, and reinfection with HBV occurred in 1 patient. Six patients elected to continue HBIG therapy for life; 1 patient died of melanoma and the remaining 5 patients are HBsAg negative, with an average follow-up of 73 months. Sixteen patients were converted to lamivudine after a course of HBIG, and all 16 patients are HBsAg negative, with an average follow-up of 51 months after OLT. Five patients have been on lamivudine monotherapy for more than 24 months. These results suggest that lamivudine administered after a posttransplantation course of HBIG can effectively prevent the recurrence of HBV infection in patients who are HBsAg positive and HBeAg negative before OLT. [source]

    Virologic and Clinical Outcomes of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-HBV Coinfected Transplant Recipients

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2010
    C. S. Coffin
    Liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease, but is controversial in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Using a prospective cohort of HIV-hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfected patients transplanted between 2001,2007; outcomes including survival and HBV clinical recurrence were determined. Twenty-two coinfected patients underwent LT; 45% had detectable HBV DNA pre-LT and 72% were receiving anti-HBV drugs with efficacy against lamivudine-resistant HBV. Post-LT, all patients received hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) plus nucleos(t)ide analogues and remained HBsAg negative without clinical evidence of HBV recurrence, with a median follow-up 3.5 years. Low-level HBV viremia (median 108 IU/mL, range 9,789) was intermittently detected in 7/13 but not associated with HBsAg detection or ALT elevation. Compared with 20 HBV monoinfected patients on similar HBV prophylaxis and median follow-up of 4.0 years, patient and graft survival were similar: 100% versus 85% in HBV mono- versus coinfected patients (p = 0.08, log rank test). LT is effective for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with complications of cirrhosis, including those who are HBV DNA positive at the time of LT. Combination HBIG and antivirals is effective as prophylaxis with no clinical evidence of HBV recurrence but low-level HBV DNA is detectable in ,50% of recipients. [source]

    Hepatitis B prophylaxis post-liver transplant without maintenance hepatitis B immunoglobulin therapy

    CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2006
    Dilip S. Nath
    Abstract: Background: We examined outcomes in recipients who underwent a liver transplant for HBV-induced liver disease and received a protocol for prophylaxis that did not use HBIG maintenance. Results: Between October 2002 and July 2005, a total of 14 liver transplant recipients were identified that met the study criteria. Mean recipient age was 47.6 yr; mean donor age was 37.2 yr. Category of transplant was as follows: cadaveric liver (n=10, 71%), cadaveric split-liver (n=2, 14%), and cadaveric liver,kidney (n=2, 14%). Liver disease was diagnosed at a mean of 7.3 yr before transplant; three (21%) had a coexisting hepatocellular cancer at the time of transplant. Pre-transplant, all 14 (100%) recipients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive, and 11 (79%) were HBV DNA positive (mean viral load of 251.2 pg/mL). Three (21%) were E antigen positive, and one (7%) was D antigen positive. Pre-transplant, seven patients (50%) were on anti-viral therapy and there was documented diminution in viral loads after initiating anti-viral therapy in 3 cases. Three (21%) were hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigen positive and all had low-RNA titers. With mean follow-up of 14.1 months, all 14 patients are alive with a functioning graft. Mean ALT, AST and total bilirubin values are currently at 43.2, 32.2, and 0.84, respectively. One recipient remains HBsAg surface antigen positive post-transplant but has normal lab values. The remaining recipients have no evidence of HBV recurrence by serology and protocol biopsies. The regimen has been well tolerated without the need for drug reduction or discontinuation because of side-effects. Conclusion: Longer follow-up is needed, but this regimen may represent an alternative to chronic HBIG maintenance therapy. [source]