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Cytology Smears (cytology + smear)
Selected AbstractsPapillary tumour of the pineal region: diagnosis by cytology smearCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2010J. Dhillon No abstract is available for this article. [source] The use of p63 as an effective immunomarker in the diagnosis of pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas on de-stained bronchial lavage cytological smearsCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2010M. Uke M. Uke, B. Rekhi, D. Ajit and N. A. Jambhekar The use of p63 as an effective immunomarker in the diagnosis of pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas on de-stained bronchial lavage cytological smears Objectives:, A diagnosis in pulmonary onco-cytopathology primarily necessitates distinguishing small cell carcinoma (SCLC) from non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC), which includes squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Lately, p63 antibody has been used for distinguishing squamous cell carcinoma from SCLC and adenocarcinoma. We present an analysis of p63 expression in cytological smears from 100 bronchial lavage specimens comprising 51 cases of SCLC and 49 cases of NSCLC. Methods:, A single Papanicolaou-stained conventional smear was de-stained and re-fixed with cold acetone and methanol for immunocytochemical staining with p63 antibody. Staining results were graded as 0 (nil), 1+ (focal), 2+ (moderate, diffuse) and 3+ (strong, diffuse). Results:, Out of 100 cases, 21 were cytologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Twenty of these showed 2+ or 3+ p63 positivity, whereas one, which was adenocarcinoma on histology, showed 1+ staining. Of seven cases cytologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, six showed no p63 staining, whereas one, which was squamous cell carcinoma on histology, showed 1+ staining. All 48 cases cytologically diagnosed as SCLC were confirmed as such on histology and showed no p63 staining. Four cases were cytologically designated as poorly differentiated carcinomas, of which three showed no p63 staining and one showed 3+ staining. The former three were found to be SCLC on histology while the latter was squamous cell carcinoma. The remaining 20 cases were cytologically designated as NSCLC. Of these, eight showed no p63 staining, whereas 10 showed 1+ and two showed 2+ staining. The former eight were adenocarcinoma on histology and the latter two were squamous cell carcinoma. The 10 cases that showed 1+ p63 staining were adenocarcinomas (n = 5), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 4) and NSCLC, not otherwise specified (n = 1). Positive staining was seen in normal basal cells, which acted as an internal control. Overall sensitivity of p63 for squamous cell carcinoma was 100% and specificity was 90.4%. Conclusions:, p63 immunostaining on processed cytology smears can be used to help identify squamous cell carcinoma. Its diffuse expression was specific for squamous cell carcinoma while focal staining was also seen in adenocarcinoma. [source] Fine needle aspiration cytology of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroidCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2003M. Powari In this retrospective study, we tried to ascertain the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) features of six histopathologically proven cases of the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid (FVPCT). These proven cases were diagnosed from 1998,2000. May,Grunwald,Giemsa and haematoxylin & eosin stained FNAC smears were studied independently by two observers (MP and PD) for detailed cytological features. A comparison of the cytological features was undertaken with those reported in the literature. There were six cases of which only one case was diagnosed as FVPCT while the other five cases were diagnosed as follicular neoplasm (four cases) and neoplasm unclassifiable (one case) on FNAC smears. All these cases showed abundant cellularity with a prominent follicular pattern. No papillae were identified in any of the cases. Syncytial clusters (five cases), nuclear grooves (six cases), nuclear inclusions (one case) and chewing gum colloid (three cases) were noted in variable proportions. We suggest that a differential diagnosis of FVPCT should be considered if the cytology smears show abundant cellularity, syncytial clusters and follicular arrangement along with thick colloid. [source] Epithelioid cell granulomas in urine cytology smears: Same cause, different implicationsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2010Sandeep Kumar Arora M.D. Abstract Tuberculosis of the urinary tract is usually secondary to tuberculosis of the kidney. Multinucleated giant cell histiocytes, often with peripheral nuclei (Langhans' cells), may be identified. Acid-fast bacilli on smear or positive urine cultures confirm the diagnosis. Similar findings can also be seen in patients treated with Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) for transitional cell carcinoma or after bladder surgery. Here, we present two cases showing epithelioid cell granulomas and multinucleated giant cells on urine cytology, and discuss the differentiating features on cytomorphology and their therapeutic implications. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:765,767. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Intraoperative cytology,Role in bone lesionsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Khaliqur Rahman M.D. Abstract In spite of becoming an integral part of surgical pathology, very few reports are available regarding the utility of intraoperative cytology (IOC) exclusively for bone lesions. This study was undertaken in a view to fill this lacuna. Sixty bone lesions were evaluated intraoperatively with the help of cytology smears prepared by touch, scrape, or crush technique. The diagnosis made on cytological preparation was compared with histopathological diagnosis taking the latter as gold standard. Different parameters like reasons for Intraoperative consultation, best technique for preparation of smear, average time taken to render a diagnosis, and finally the accuracy of IOC was evaluated. Common reasons for the intraoperative consultation were to make or confirm a diagnosis for proper surgical intervention and to evaluate the surgical resection margin. Scrape was found to be the best method for cytological smear preparation. Average time taken to render a diagnosis was 20 minutes. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy was 96.7, 96.6, and 96.6%, respectively. Cytology can play a valuable role in the intraoperative diagnosis of bone lesions. The method is simple, cheap, quick, and has no complication. It should be undertaken routinely, as a rapid intraoperative diagnosis will expedite timely and proper management of the patients, along with early post operative treatment and thus avoid the aggravating delays. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:639,644. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Nuclear morphometry and texture analysis of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Utility in subclassification on cytosmearsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Shilpa Gupta M.D. Abstract Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms and accurate subclassification is an essential prerequisite for proper management of patients. This study was aimed at evaluating the utility of nuclear morphometry and textural features on cytology smears to classify the cases of NHL on aspiration cytology. Fine needle aspiration smears of 50 cases of B-cell NHL were included. Various morphometric and texture parameters were obtained by manually tracing the nuclei on digitized images in each case and discriminant analysis performed using various features taken individually as well as all together. The percentage of cells correctly classified to a particular NHL subtype using the discriminant functions so obtained was noted. Our results show that discriminant analysis done on size parameters could correctly classify a greater number of cells than on shape parameters (36.4% vs. 21.2%, respectively). Texture parameters based on single pixel values (first order texture) were inferior (42.8%) to those based on pair of pixels (58.7%) in subtyping of cells. Discriminant analysis based on color parameters was more effective (61.9%) as compared to rest of the morphometric and textural parameters. Using all the morphometric and textural parameters together, 83.3% of cells could be correctly classified to a particular NHL subtype. The present study, perhaps the first study of detailed morphometric analysis on cytosmears, shows that satisfactory classification of NHL on aspiration cytology is possible using nuclear morphometry and textural parameters considered together. These results are promising for further studies on this subject and development of automated cytodiagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Orbital sarcoma in HIV positive patient: A diagnostic dilemmaDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2010D.N.B., Nalini Gupta M.D. Abstract Diagnosis of a high-grade sarcoma on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) may not pose any difficulty; however, further sub-typing is sometimes difficult. The clinical data, investigations, and finer points on cytomorphology may help for proper categorization of the tumor, however, we encountered a case of orbital sarcoma in an Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patient, in which further sub-typing was difficult even on histopathology and immunohistochemistry was helpful. The diagnostic difficulties on FNA cytology smears as well as histopathology are highlighted. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The significance of endocervical cells and metaplastic squamous cells in liquid-based cervical cytologyDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Kai M. Leung M.B.B.S. Abstract We conducted a retrospective study to investigate whether the presence or absence of endocervical cells (EC) and metaplastic squamous cells (MSC) was associated with the detection of squamous intraepithelial lesions in liquid-based cervical cytology. 90,376 cases of liquid-based cervical cytology smears received in 2006 were included in the study. Low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were classified according to the Bethesda system (2001). The rates of detecting LSIL and HSIL in smears with and without EC and/or MSC were determined. There were 1,540 LSIL and 396 HSIL. The ratio of HSIL/NILM (no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy) was 0.0022 in smears without EC or MSC, 0.0040 in smears with EC only, 0.0044 in smears with MSC only, and 0.0056 in smears with both EC and MSC present. Compared with smears without EC or MSC, this ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when either EC or MSC was present. Compared with smears with EC only, the ratio was also significantly higher when both EC and MSC were present (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the presence or absence of EC had no effect on the detection rate of LSIL (0.0191 for both groups), while the presence of MSC was actually associated with lower detection rate of LSIL (0.0153, P < 0.05). The presence of endocervical and metaplastic cells was associated with higher detection rates of HSIL. MSC was associated with lower detection or LSIL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cytohistologic correlations in schwannomas (neurilemmomas), including "ancient," cellular, and epithelioid variantsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 8 2006Jerzy Klijanienko M.D. Abstract Schwannoma accounts for one of the most common benign mesenchymal neoplasms of soft tissues. Although it is well defined in the cytology literature, particular histologic subtypes such as "ancient," cellular and epitheliod variants could be a source of diagnostic difficulties. We have reviewed cytology aspirates and corresponding histologic sections from 34 schwannomas diagnosed at Institut Curie. Histologically, 24 cases were classic, 5 were "ancient," 4 were cellular, and 1 was epithelioid schwannomas. No example of melanotic schwannoma was recorded. Original cytologic diagnosis was schwannoma in 13 (38.2%) cases, benign soft tissue tumor in 11 (32.4%), pleomorphic adenoma in 2 (6%) cases, angioma in 1 (2.9%) case, nodular fasciitis in 1 (2.9%) case, suspicious in 3 (8.8%) cases, and not satisfactory in 3 (8.8%) cases. There were no major differences between classical, "ancient," cellular, and epithelioid variants on cytology smears. Myxoid stroma, mast cells, and intranuclear inclusions were limited to classical subtype. Similarly, cyto-nuclear atypia was more frequent in classical subtype than in other subtypes. Schwannoma should be differentiated from well-differentiated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, neurofibroma, and pleomorphic adenoma, in the last instance particularly for head and neck lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:517,522. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Fine-needle aspiration cytology in tuberculous lymphadenitis of patients with and without HIV infectionDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2004Sujata Nayak M.D. Abstract A study of the cytologic features and role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) of 21 patients with HIV (group 1) and 21 patients without HIV (group 2) infection was undertaken. Four cytologic patterns were observed, of which necrotizing lymphadenitis (42.9%) and necrotizing suppurative lymphadenitis (28.6%) were predominant in group 1 while necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis (47.7%) and granulomatous lymphadenitis (23.8%) were more common in group 2. No pattern was found specific for either group. Zeihl-Neelsen-stained cytology smears of group 1 showed a much higher percentage of positively (61.9%) and a higher density of acid-fast bacilli than group 2. Definitive diagnoses of TBL on FNAC could be provided in 61.9% of group 1 as against 9.5% of group 2. The need for culture or biopsy for definitive diagnosis was higher in group 2. In suspected TBL, diagnostic efficacy can be improved and the need for surgical biopsy reduced if material collected on FNA is also used for culture. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:204,206. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Association of penile lichen sclerosus and oncogenic human papillomavirus infectionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Maria Rita Nasca MD Background, Data on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in patients with penile lichen sclerosus (LS) are scant and controversial. Aim, To investigate the prevalence of HPV infections in patients with penile LS. Methods, HPV infection was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in paraffin-embedded penile biopsies obtained from the glans or inner foreskin of 46 adult patients with penile LS, and in brush cytology smears of penile healthy mucosa from an equal number of randomly selected control males matched for age. Statistical evaluation was performed using conditional logistic regression analysis. Results, PCR disclosed the presence of HPV infection in 17.4% of LS patients (HPV 16, six cases; HPV 18, one case; HPV 45, one case). Amongst the controls, HPV infection occurred in 8.7% of patients (HPV 16, two cases; HPV 53, one case; HPV 70, one case). Statistical regression analysis confirmed that the rate of HPV infection was higher amongst patients with genital LS than amongst healthy controls [odds ratio (OR), 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73,8.89]. Conclusions, Infection with oncogenic "high-risk" HPV types in patients with genital LS may enhance the risk of penile cancer arising on LS. [source] Image Cytometry DNA-Analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology to Aid Cytomorphology in the Distinction of Branchial Cleft Cyst from Cystic Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Study,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 11 2004Sushma Nordemar MD Abstract Objective: Frequently, the distinction between branchial cleft cyst and cystic metastases from squamous cell carcinoma is difficult by cytomorphology. In a prospective study, we investigated the need for, and the value of, image cytometry DNA-analysis as a complement to cytologic evaluation of cystic lesions in the neck. Study Design: Image cytometry DNA-analysis was performed on the fine needle aspiration cytology smears from 50 patients, referred to our department, with a solitary cystic lesion in the lateral region of the neck. Methods: Smears from aspirates were Giemsa stained and cytologically evaluated. Ahrens image analysis was used for DNA analysis on smears stained with Schiff reagent, and lymphocytes were used as control cells. Epithelial cells with DNA values exceeding 5c were regarded as aneuploid, indicating malignancy. Results: Nine lesions were diagnosed as squamous cell cancer metastases cytologically. DNA analysis showed aneuploidy in all of them except one. Three of these lesions had earlier been diagnosed as branchial cleft cyst at the referring hospital. Eight lesions were cytologically inconclusive and four of them were revealed as cystic metastasis at histopathologic analysis, and DNA analysis showed aneuploidy in all but one, which could not be analyzed. Two of these lesions were also diagnosed as branchial cleft cysts at the referring hospital. All benign lesions were diploid. Nine lesions were thyroid and salivary gland lesions. Conclusion: Image cytometry DNA-analysis was shown to help in the distinction between benign and malignant cystic lesions. Thus, when conventional cytomorphology does not suffice, DNA-analysis is clearly a valuable supplement. [source] | ||||||||||