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Cyclical Pattern (cyclical + pattern)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	60%

Selected Abstracts

The normal circadian pattern of blood pressure: implications for treatment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 2004
J. Redon
Summary Blood pressure fluctuates over 24 h following a circadian rhythm that reaches a peak in the morning shortly after awakening. The onset of many acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events shows a synchronous cyclical pattern, with the highest incidence of morbidity and mortality in the early morning hours. Strong, although circumstantial, evidence suggests that the early morning surge in blood pressure may contribute to the onset of acute cardiovascular episodes. Sustained blood pressure control that blunts the early morning blood pressure surge may help to reduce the incidence of these events. Antihypertensive agents are needed that provide smooth and sustained blood pressure control for the full 24 h, including the risky early morning hours. The angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan given once daily, because of its long half-life and mechanism of action, is likely to confer benefit in terms of 24-h blood pressure control and may reduce cardiovascular risk at the time of greatest patient vulnerability. [source]

Lineage diversification and historical demography of a sky island salamander, Plethodon ouachitae, from the Interior Highlands

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 24 2008
DONALD B. SHEPARD
Abstract Sky islands provide ideal opportunities for understanding how climatic changes associated with Pleistocene glacial cycles influenced species distributions, genetic diversification, and demography. The salamander Plethodon ouachitae is largely restricted to high-elevation, mesic forest on six major mountains in the Ouachita Mountains. Because these mountains are separated by more xeric, low-elevation valleys, the salamanders appear to be isolated on sky islands where gene flow among populations on different mountains may be restricted. We used DNA sequence data along with ecological niche modelling and coalescent simulations to test several hypotheses related to diversifications in sky island habitats. Our results revealed that P. ouachitae is composed of seven well-supported lineages structured across six major mountains. The species originated during the Late Pliocene, and lineage diversification occurred during the Middle Pleistocene in a stepping stone fashion with a cyclical pattern of dispersal to a new mountain followed by isolation and divergence. Diversification occurred primarily on an east,west axis, which is likely related to the east,west orientation of the Ouachita Mountains and the more favourable cooler and wetter environmental conditions on north slopes compared to south-facing slopes and valleys. All non-genealogical coalescent methods failed to detect significant population expansion in any lineages. Bayesian skyline plots showed relatively stable population sizes over time, but indicated a slight to moderate amount of population growth in all lineages starting approximately 10 000,12 000 years ago. Our results provide new insight into sky island diversifications from a previously unstudied region, and further demonstrate that climatic changes during the Pleistocene had profound effects on lineage diversification and demography, especially in species from environmentally sensitive habitats in montane regions. [source]

DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICT, POLITICAL CYCLES AND GROWTH

THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 4 2005
CHRISTIANE CLEMENS
This paper discusses the emergence of endogenous redistributive cycles in a stochastic growth model with incomplete asset markets and heterogeneous agents who vote on the degree of progressivity in the tax-transfer scheme. The model draws from Bénabou (in B. S. Bernanke and J. J. Rotemberg (eds), NBER Macroeconomics Annual, Vol. 11, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, pp. 11,74) and ties the bias in the distribution of political power to the degree of inequality in the society, thereby triggering redistributive cycles which then give rise to a nonlinear, cyclical pattern of savings rates, growth and inequality over time. [source]

Growth and Productivity in Singapore Manufacturing Industries: 1975,1998

ASIAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002
Soo-Wei Koh
Consistently de,ned price and volume relatives are constructed for 18 manufacturing industries under the two-digit industry classi,cations of,cially adopted in 1996. Industry-speci,c output and materials price de,ators for the period 1974,1998 are also constructed. Where the comparison is possible, we arrive at a markedly different conclusion from those in Tsao (1982, 1985) and Young (1994), and narrow the cause to a difference in the choice of output measure. The updated accounts show that the conventional index number measure of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) for Singapore manufacturing is 2.7% per annum for the period 1975,1998, and exhibits a cyclical pattern over time. [source]

Experimental Evidence on the Persistence of Output and Inflation,

THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 520 2007
Klaus Adam
This article presents experimental evidence from a monetary sticky price economy in which output and inflation depend on expected future inflation. Rational inflation expectations do not allow for persistent deviations of output and inflation following a monetary shock. In the experimental sessions, however, output and inflation display considerable persistence and regular cyclical patterns. This emerges because subjects' inflation expectations fail to be captured by rational expectations functions. Instead, a Restricted Perceptions Equilibrium (RPE), which assumes that agents use optimal but ,simple' forecast functions, describes subjects' inflation expectations surprisingly well and explains the observed behaviour of output and inflation. [source]