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Current Scientific Literature (current + scientific_literature)
Selected AbstractsGenital herpes in older women: A silent epidemicJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 6 2008*Article first published online: 28 JUN 200, Adjunct Faculty2), GNP (Nurse Practitioner, Janice Hoff MSN Abstract Purpose: To present an overview of the prevalence of genital herpes in older women and to present case studies of older women diagnosed with genital herpes in a geriatric practice in the southeastern United States. Data sources: Review of current scientific literature and treatment/practice guidelines. Specific descriptive cases are reviewed to illustrate the clinical problem. Conclusions: Genital herpes is an important differential diagnosis to include when assessing and treating older women for recurrent genital symptoms. Implications for practice: Given the large numbers of older individuals potentially infected with genital herpes, the nurse practitioner (NP) is well positioned to accurately diagnose and initiate treatment that can improve quality of life. The NP's skill in education and counseling is essential to the ongoing management of genital herpes infections. [source] Obesity in Youth: Implications for the Advanced Practice Nurse in Primary CareJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 8 2004C-ANP, Diane Berry PhD Purpose To discuss the advanced practice nurse's diagnosis and management of obesity in youth in primary care. Data Sources Review of current scientific literature, practice guidelines, and a case study. Conclusions Obesity in youth is difficult to manage. Recent research suggests a genetic and environmental etiology associated with impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Nutrition education, increasing physical activity, decreasing sedentary behaviors, and behavioral modification have been used with varying success. Management is directed at healthy lifestyle behavior change for youth and their families. Implications for Practice If obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia are left untreated, youth may develop type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease later in life and suffer early morbidity and mortality. [source] Ischemia,reperfusion injury pathophysiology, part IJOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 4 2004DACVECC, Maureen McMichael DVM Abstract Objective: To review the current scientific literature on ischemia,reperfusion (IR) injury in both human and veterinary medicine. To describe the normal antioxidant defense mechanisms, the pathophysiology of IR injury, and the role of neutrophils in IR injury. Data sources: Data sources include scientific reviews and original research publications in both human and veterinary medicine. Summary: IR injury is a complex pathophysiological process involving numerous pathways and body systems. Normal antioxidant defense mechanisms function to limit oxidative injury during times of health. Ischemia is the period that occurs before oxygenated blood is re-introduced and the severity of injury has been shown to correlate with the magnitude and length of ischemia in dogs. During ischemia, there is a buildup of substances (i.e., xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine, etc.) that, upon re-introduction of oxygen, form reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS, produced in large part upon reperfusion, can cause extensive damage to DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Although mammalian systems are endowed with abundant antioxidant defenses, the generation of large amounts of ROS can overwhelm these mechanisms leading to cell dysfunction and death. Neutrophils play a critical role in IR injury and may mediate the majority of mucosal and microvascular injury that occurs by releasing ROS and proteolytic enzymes. Although experimental studies have been carried out on cats, dogs, and horses there are few clinical studies on companion animals. Conclusions: The pathophysiology of IR injury is complex and involves damage by ROS to all biological membranes. Neutrophils play a major role in IR injury and initiate and propogate much of the damage. This article is intended as a review of the pathophysiology of IR injury. [source] Ischemia,reperfusion injury: assessment and treatment, part IIJOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 4 2004DACVECC, Maureen McMichael DVM Abstract Objective: To review the current scientific literature on ischemia,reperfusion (IR) injury in both human and veterinary medicine and to describe the assessment of IR injury, the available testing methods, and the options available for treatment. Data sources: Data sources include scientific reviews and original research publications in both human and veterinary medicine. Summary: The assessment of IR injury includes measuring products formed by the reaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with biological membranes, measuring levels of endogenous antioxidants, and measuring ROS themselves. Testing depends on the laboratory used, the test method chosen, the sample submitted (i.e., plasma, urine, tissue, etc.), and the timing of the test in relation to sample collection. For this reason, testing is not standardized and pharmacological data on antioxidant effectiveness are not available. Antioxidants and drugs tested have included single agents as well as ,cocktails' consisting of several agents working at different key points in the injury cascade. Conclusions: There are several new testing methods as well as new strategies for attempting to ameliorate the damage inflicted upon reperfusion and this article is intended as a review of the assessment and treatment of IR injury. [source] Probiotics and Their Potential Health ClaimsNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 6 2006Sylvia Santosa BASc Many studies have attempted to identify specific positive health effects of probiotics. One of the challenges in generalizing health effects of probiotics is that different strains exert disparate effects on human health. As a result, the efficacy of one strain or species cannot necessarily be inferred from another. The objective of this review is to examine the current scientific literature that could be used as the basis for potential health claims. More specifically, this paper will review existing evidence of different probiotic strains to prevent and treat diarrhea, treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), treat inflammatory bowel disease, and prevent colon cancer. The strongest evidence is related to the use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the prevention and treatment of rotavirus-associated diarrhea. Further examination of the literature also shows promise in the treatment of some forms of IBS with probiotics. Future studies that use consistent supplementation regimes will allow more definitive conclusions to be drawn on the effects of probiotics on IBS, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. [source] | ||||||||||