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Current Problems (current + problem)
Selected AbstractsRe-Engineering the Immigration System: A Case for Data Mining and Information Assurance to Enhance Homeland Security: Part I: Identifying the Current ProblemsBULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2002Lee S. Strickland Visiting Professor First page of article [source] Current Problems in DermatologyACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 12 2009Lars Hagberg No abstract is available for this article. [source] Current problems with detection and transmission of hepatitis virusesISBT SCIENCE SERIES: THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT, Issue 1 2008J.-P. Allain [source] Linking dispersal, immigration and scale in the neutral theory of biodiversityECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 12 2009Ryan A. Chisholm Abstract In the classic spatially implicit formulation of Hubbell's neutral theory of biodiversity a local community receives immigrants from a metacommunity operating on a relatively slow timescale, and dispersal into the local community is governed by an immigration parameter m. A current problem with neutral theory is that m lacks a clear biological interpretation. Here, we derive analytical expressions that relate the immigration parameter m to the geometry of the plot defining the local community and the parameters of a dispersal kernel. Our results facilitate more rigorous and extensive tests of the neutral theory: we conduct a test of neutral theory by comparing estimates of m derived from fits to empirical species abundance distributions to those derived from dispersal kernels and find acceptable correspondence; and we generate a new prediction of neutral theory by investigating how the shapes of species abundance distributions change theoretically as the spatial scale of observation changes. We also discuss how our main analytical results can be used to assess the error in the mean-field approximations associated with spatially implicit formulations of neutral theory. Ecology Letters (2009) 12: 1385,1393 [source] Chronic illness as a family process: A social-developmental approach to promoting resilienceJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 11 2002Ester R. Shapiro This paper describes a social-developmental approach to interventions in chronic illness using naturally occurring processes of change during family life-cycle transitions to promote more positive developmental outcomes. Clinical interventions can help build resilience by creating a therapeutic collaboration designed to help patients improve their use of existing and new resources in multiple systems. They can then better meet demands of the illness as it impacts on shared development. A case example of a 13-year-old daughter with complex, chronic health problems and developmental disabilities illustrates clinical interventions designed to promote family resilience during the entry into adolescence and a transition in schooling. This approach involves focusing on the family's own definition of the current problem and relevant history, constructing a multidimensional, coherent story of the illness and its impact that recognizes stressors yet highlights strengths, and normalizing their strategies for stability under circumstances of developmental stress. These interventions with mother, daughter, and family helped improve health efficacy, communication toward mutual understanding and shared problem solving, and better use of existing and new resources to enhance current and future developmental adaptation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1375,1384, 2002. [source] Dynamic contour tonometry in corneal oedemaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2007CA RENNINGS Purpose: Tonometry in corneal oedema is a current problem. In clinical routine intraocular pressure (IOP) may be measured erroneously too low in edematous thickened cornea using Goldmann applanation tonometry. To compare Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT, Pascal, Technomed, Germany) in postsurgical corneal oedema. Methods: Fifty patients with cataract were included in a prospective study. IOP was measured by means of GAT and DCT before and one day after cataract surgery. Corneal thickness was determined using a Scheimpflug camera system (Pentacam, Oculus, Germany). Results: After surgery corneal thickness increased significantly (pre-surgery: 548 ,m, post-surgery: 677 ,m, p<0.0001). No significant difference of IOP values measured with DCT compared to GAT was detected before and after cataract surgery (pre-surgery: GAT: 17 ±5 mmHg, DCT: 17 ±6 mmHg; post-surgery: GAT 15 ± 7 mmHg, DCT: 15 ±7 mmHg). IOP measured with DCT and GAT were significantly correlated (pre-surgery: r=0.808, p<0.0001; post-surgery: r=0.767, p<0.0001). The difference between GAT and DCT pre-surgery compared to post-surgery was not significantly different. The IOP difference using GAT or DCT pre-surgery compared to post-surgery was not correlated to the change in corneal thickness. Conclusions: DCT does not give any additional information compared to GAT in patients with corneal oedema. However, a marked difference in IOP values using GAT or DCT is apparent in some subjects. [source] Supple Praxis: A Paralogical Strategy for ProblemsCOMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 3 2010Dan H. DeGooyer Jr. Based on Lyotard's (1984) paralogy, I provide a paralogical approach to problems in which participants identify and describe grammars of problems as a means to engage them. I provide paralogical grammars of extant problems and their solutions (i.e., performative, reliable, accidental, and wicked) to articulate how they move from more to less easily solved, with an increasing degree of complexity and stake. I offer paralogical action steps to enact a supple praxis as demonstrated through a discussion of hellish problems, a fifth problem type. Participants paralogically address incommensurability as they solve their current problem, so that they may face their next incommensurable problem. Practitioners using a paralogical approach thus both adeptly solve current problems and prepare for unknown future problems. La praxis souple : une stratégie paralogique face aux problčmes Dan H. DeGooyer, Jr. Ŕ partir de la paralogie de Lyotard (1984), je développe une approche paralogique pour affronter les problčmes, approche par laquelle les participants identifient et décrivent des grammaires de problčmes comme moyen d'y faire face. J'offre des grammaires paralogiques de problčmes existants (performatifs, fiables, accidentels et pernicieux) et leurs solutions, afin d'exprimer clairement les maničres dont ces problčmes sont de plus en plus difficiles ŕ résoudre, alors que leur degré de complexité et d'importance augmente. Je présente des étapes d'action paralogique afin de mettre en actes une praxis souple, telle que démontrée dans une discussion des problčmes infernaux, un cinquičme type de problčmes. Les participants traitent de maničre paralogique de l'incommensurabilité quand ils résolvent leur problčme actuel, de maničre ŕ ce qu'ils affrontent le problčme incommensurable suivant. Ainsi, les intervenants qui utilisent une approche paralogique résolvent de façon experte leurs problčmes actuels et se préparent également pour les problčmes futurs qui leur sont encore inconnus. Weiche Praxis: Eine paralogische Strategie für Probleme Dan H. DeGooyer, Jr. Basierend auf der Paralogie von Lyotard (1984) diskutiere ich einen paralogischen Ansatz für Probleme, die Teilnehmer erkennen und deren Grammatik sie beschreiben als ein Mittel, mit diesen Problemen umzugehen. Ich bestimme die paralogische Grammatiken von bestehenden Problemen und ihren Lösungen (z.B. performative, reliable, unbeabsichtigte und boshafte) um auszudrücken, wie sie diese im Feld zwischen mehr oder weniger leicht zu lösen und einem zunehmenden Grad an Komplexität und Einsatz bewegen. Ich biete paralogische Handlungsschritte, um Möglichkeiten einer weichen Praxis darzustellen, wie sie in der Diskussion um infernale Probleme, einem Typ 5-Problem, vorkommen. Die Teilnehmer befassen sich paralogisch mit der Unmessbarkeit während sie ihre aktuellen Probleme lösen, so dass sie ihr nächstes unmessbares Problem angehen können. Praktiker, die einen paralogischen Ansatz verfolgen, lösen also aktuelle Probleme und bereiten sich für unbekannte Probleme in der Zukunft vor. La Práctica Flexible: Una Estrategia Para-lógica para los Problemas Dan H. DeGooyer, Jr. Emmanuel College, University of Iowa, 312 Administrative Building, Boston, MA O2115, USA Resumen Basado en la para-logia de Lyotard (1984), proveo de una aproximación para-lógica a los problemas en la cual los participantes se identifican y describen las gramáticas de los problemas como un medio para comprometerse con ellos. Proveo de una gramática para-lógica de problemas existentes y sus soluciones (a saber, de performancia creíble, accidental, y malintencionado) que articula cómo ellos mueven de más a menos fácilmente solucionados, con un incremento en el grado de complejidad e interés. Ofrezco los pasos de la acción para-lógica una práctica flexible demostrada a través de una discusión de problemas infernales, un quinto tipo de problema. Los participantes trataron para-lógicamente la inconmensurabilidad al resolver el problema corriente, de manera tal que puedan enfrentar el problema inconmensurable siguiente. Los practicantes usando el enfoque para-lógico resolvieron así en forma experta los problemas y se prepararon para los problemas futuros inciertos. [source] Teaching Culturally Appropriate Care: A Review of Educational Models and MethodsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 12 2006Cherri Hobgood MD Abstract The disparities in health care and health outcomes between the majority population and cultural and racial minorities in the United States are a problem that likely is influenced by the lack of culturally competent care. Emergency medicine and other primary-care specialties remain on the front lines of this struggle because of the nature of their open-door practice. To provide culturally appropriate care, health care providers must recognize the factors impeding cultural awareness, seek to understand the biases and traditions in medical education potentially fueling this phenomenon, and create a health care community that is open to individuals' otherness, thus leading to better communication of ideas and information between patients and their health care providers. This article highlights the rationale for and current problems in teaching cultural competency and examines several different models implemented to teach and promote cultural competency along the continuum of emergency medicine learners. However, the literature addressing the true efficacy of such programs in leading to long-lasting change and improvement in minority patients' clinical outcomes remains insufficient. [source] EEG source localization in focal epilepsy: Where are we now?EPILEPSIA, Issue 2 2008Chris Plummer Summary Electroencephalographic source localization (ESL) by noninvasive means is an area of renewed interest in clinical epileptology. This has been driven by innovations in the computer-assisted modeling of dipolar and distributed sources for the investigation of focal epilepsy; a process fueled by the ever-increasing computational power available to researchers for the analysis of scalp EEG recordings. However, demonstration of the validity and clinical utility of these mathematically derived source modeling techniques has struggled to keep pace. This review evaluates the current clinical "fitness' of ESL as applied to the focal epilepsies by examining some of the key studies performed in the field, with emphasis given to clinical work published in the last five years. In doing so, we discuss why ESL techniques have not made an impact on routine epilepsy practice, underlining some of the current problems and controversies in the field. We conclude by examining where ESL currently sits alongside magnetoencephalography and combined EEG-functional magnetic resonance imaging in the investigation of focal epilepsy. [source] Algorithmic challenges and current problems in market coupling regimesEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 4 2009Bernd Tersteegen Abstract Increasing cross-border trade at European borders has lead to the necessity of an efficient allocation of scarce cross-border capacities. Explicit auctions used to be the commonly applied auction method in the past at most borders, but due to the separation of the trade of electrical energy and the allocation of cross-border capacity, market inefficiencies arise. As a consequence, a trend toward a market coupling, which combines the trade of electrical energy with the allocation of cross-border capacity, can be observed across Europe. The most convincing approach to solve the complex optimization task associated with market couplings solves the problem by a maximization of the system-wide welfare based on a closed-form optimization. Practical experience shows that problems remain with such an approach. This paper thoroughly analyzes problems that may occur in market coupling regimes with a closed-form optimization. In this paper an extension of formerly presented formulations of the optimization problem is presented, which avoids the described problems. The extended formulation still assures practically feasible calculation times of far less than 10 minutes even for systems with up to 12 market areas. Further, a fair and transparent approach to determine feasible market clearing prices not neglecting the time and market coupling relationship between prices is shown in this paper and it is demonstrated that this approach does not lead to practically infeasible calculation times. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Applied Research in Accounting: A Commentary,ACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVES, Issue 2 2004ALAN J. RICHARDSON ABSTRACT The mission of Canadian Accounting Perspectives is to provide a forum for "applied research" in accounting, but this key term is not defined. I identify three forms of applied research: (1) the use of existing knowledge to find solutions to current problems; (2) the use of positivist research methods to conduct critical tests between current alternative accounting methods and to identify empirical regularities that contribute to the development of technologies of practice; and (3) the use of disciplined inquiry and action research to develop mid-range theory and generate empirical results that advance the interests or increase the capabilities of an identified community. This third form of applied research may provide the best approach to bridging the schism between academe and practice. [source] Numerical solution of eddy current problems in ferromagnetic bodies travelling in a transverse magnetic fieldINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 12 2003W. Peterson Abstract Eddy currents are investigated in a ferromagnetic bar travelling in a transverse magnetic field. Such an open boundary field problem is analysed by a hybrid approach based on Galerkin finite element formulation coupled with a separation of variables. A steady state is considered, introducing time-periodic boundary conditions. The resultant system of non-linear equations is solved by an iterative procedure based on Brouwer's fixed-point theorem. Numerical results are presented for a bar of circular cross-section made of cast steel or cast iron. Selected examples of the field distribution and characteristics of eddy-current power losses are enclosed in graphic form. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The status and perspective of diabetes health education in China: Inspiration from AustraliaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 2 2010Anne Wilson PhD MN BN FRCNA Wilson A, Gyi AA. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 92,98 The status and perspective of diabetes health education in China: Inspiration from Australia This paper discusses possible approaches to improving diabetes care and developing effective education models in China based on the experience of diabetes education in Australia. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in China is increasing rapidly. China is currently second on the list of the top 10 countries with the highest diabetes burden. Enormous impact of diabetes on China health system is daunting and the urgent action is needed. Diabetes education is the keystone of diabetes care and structured self-management education is considered to be the key to successful outcomes. Although many diabetes education programmes have been initiated in China, barriers have been identified for implementation of the programmes. These include: lack of public awareness of diabetes; lack of standards of practice for diabetes educators; and lack of evaluation programmes to assess their performance. We suggest four possible approaches to addressing the current problems of diabetes education in China. [source] Behavioural and emotional problems of children by type of out-of-home care in CroatiaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 3 2005Marina Ajdukovi The aim of this article is to compare the kinds of behavioural and emotional problems of youth in relation to type of out-of-home placement in Croatia. Children living in children's homes manifest significantly more behavioural and emotional problems than other groups of children in out-of-home care or children living in their primary families. Children living in foster families or in family-type homes integrated in the community do not differ from a comparative group of children living in primary families. Regardless of differences among sub-samples regarding behavioural and emotional problems, the current problems of individual children in all groups of children in out-of-home placement were connected more to currently experienced stressors than to unfavourable circumstances before their removal. This indicates that there are benefits to be gained by improving services in the children's present care environment. [source] The Future of Private EquityJOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 3 2009Steve Kaplan A distinguished University of Chicago financial economist and longtime observer of private equity markets responds to questions like the following: ,With a track record that now stretches in some cases almost 30 years, what have private equity firms accomplished? What effects have they had on the performance of the companies they invest in, and have they been good for the economy? ,How will highly leveraged PE portfolio companies fare during the current downturn, especially with over $400 billion of loans coming due in the next three to five years? ,With PE firms now sitting on an estimated $500 billion in capital and leveraged loan markets shut down, are the firms now contemplating new kinds of investment that require less debt? ,If and when the industry makes a comeback, do you expect any major changes that might allow us to avoid another boom-and-bust cycle? Have the PE firms or their investors made any obvious mistakes that contribute to such cycles, and are they now showing any signs of having learned from those mistakes? Despite the current problems, the operating capabilities of the best PE firms, together with their ability to manage high leverage and the increased receptiveness of public company CEOs and boards to PE investments, have all helped establish private equity as "a permanent asset class." Although many of the deals done in 2006 and 2007 were probably overpriced, the "cov-lite" deal structures, deferred repayments of principal, and larger coverage ratios have afforded more room for reworking troubled deals. As a result of that flexibility, and of the kinds of companies that get taken private in leveraged deals in the first place, most troubled PE portfolio companies should end up being restructured efficiently, thereby limiting the damage to the overall economy. Part of the restructuring process involves the use of the PE industry's huge stockpile of capital to purchase distressed debt and inject new equity into troubled deals (in many cases, their own). At the same time the PE firms have been working hard to rescue their own deals, some have been taking significant minority positions in public companies, while gaining some measure of control. Finally, to limit overpriced and overlev-eraged deals in the future, and so avoid the boom-and-bust cycle that appears to have become a predictable part of the industry, the discussion explores the possibility that the limited partners and debt providers that supply most of the capital for PE investments will insist on larger commitments of equity by sponsors to their own funds and individual deals. [source] ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUTIONS OF OLEA EUROPAEA L. LEAF EXTRACTSJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 3 2010MIHRIBAN KORUKLUOGLU ABSTRACT The in vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous, acetone, diethyl ether and ethyl alcohol extracts of olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) was studied. The aqueous extract of olive leaves had no antibacterial effect against the test microorganisms, whereas acetone extract showed inhibitory effect on Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of some phenolic compounds against microorganisms were tested. The most effective compound was found to be oleuropein while syringic acid was found ineffective. The characterization of phenolic compounds in different extracts determined by high performance liquid chromatography-air pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry detector (HPLC-APCI-MSD GC-MS) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The acetone and the ethyl alcohol extracts had the most and the least oleuropein content, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In recent years the extracts of many plant species have become popular, and attempts to characterize their bioactive principles have gained speed for many pharmaceutical and food-processing applications. Especially, antimicrobial properties of plants have revived as a consequence of current problems associated with the use of chemical preservatives. Because of consumers' negative perspectives of synthetic preservatives, attention is shifting toward natural alternatives. The findings suggest that olive leaf extracts and their phenolic compounds have good potential as antibacterial substances in food preservation as they may be more acceptable to consumers and the regulatory agencies in comparison with synthetic chemical compounds. [source] Post-partum endomyometritis diagnosis and treatment: A reviewJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2003William J. Ledger Abstract Over the past 80 years, obstetrical treatment strategies devised to control current problems have resulted in the emergence of new types of infection. These, in turn, have caused modifications in diagnostic techniques and treatment specifics. Currently, the two most obvious changes influencing post-partum infection care are shortened post-partum hospital care, and the widespread use of intra-partum antibiotics to prevent early onset Group B streptococcal sepsis in the newborn. In the present review, risk factors for post-partum infection are delineated and strategies for prophylaxis and treatment are given. [source] De novo breast cancer in patients with liver transplantation: University of Pittsburgh's experience and review of the literatureLIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2004M.Tahir Oruc De novo malignancies are one of the current problems in patients with organ transplantation. The incidence has been considered to be higher as a result of increases of oncogenic viruses in immunosuppressed organ recipients. Published reports have shown increased incidence of de novo tumors such as malignant lymphomas and cutaneous neoplasms but decreased incidence of breast cancer. A variety of factors affect de novo breast cancer development in organ recipients, including immunosuppression, viruses, and underlying disease. The aims of this review are to evaluate the incidence and management of patients with de novo breast cancer by giving the University of Pittsburgh's data, and to evaluate the incidence of de novo breast cancer in published reports in light of an age-adjusted rate. According to age-adjusted rates presented by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data, we found increased incidence rate of de novo breast cancer in the previously published series. The University of Pittsburgh's incidence rate of de novo breast cancer was determined in a fashion similar to that for the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data. Eighty-three percent of all patients were diagnosed at early stages, and it appeared to take longer for de novo breast cancer to develop in patients treated with tacrolimus than in patients treated with cyclosporine. In conclusion, surgical treatment of breast cancer in liver recipients is the same as treatment of breast cancer in patients without transplantation. However, the effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or tamoxifen remain unclear in transplanted patients and need to be evaluated in larger studies. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:1,6.) [source] The prospects for super-acuity: limits to visual performance after correction of monochromatic ocular aberrationOPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 6 2003W. N. Charman Abstract It has recently been suggested that correction of the monochromatic aberration of the eye could lead to substantial improvements in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function. After consideration of the best-corrected visual acuity of normal eyes, the optical and neural limits to visual performance are reviewed. It is concluded that, even if current problems with the accuracy of the suggested techniques of aberration correction, through corneal excimer laser ablation or customised contact lenses, can be overcome, changes in monochromatic ocular aberration over time, the continuing presence of chromatic aberration, errors of focus associated with lags and leads in accommodation, and other factors, are likely to result in only minor improvements in the high-contrast acuity performance of most normal eyes being produced by attempted aberration control. Significant gains in contrast sensitivity might, however, be achievable, particularly under mesopic and scotopic conditions when the pupil is large, provided that correct focus can be maintained. In the immediate future, reduction of the high levels of aberration that are currently found in eyes that have undergone refractive surgery and in some abnormal eyes should bring useful benefits. [source] Defect profiles in semiconductor structuresPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 10 2007P. G. Coleman Abstract Variable-energy positron annihilation spectroscopy (VEPAS) has found applications in structural and electronic analysis of thin films and near-surface layers, nanoporous materials, ion implantation, silicon photonics, and vacancy engineering. In all this applied work it is essential that VEPAS is treated as a normal member of the arsenal of spectroscopies available to the semiconductor research community. Examples are presented of how useful insights into current problems in semiconductor physics and technology have been gained by combinations of VEPAS and other techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, electrical characterization, and optical techniques such as photoluminescence and optically-detected magnetic resonance. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Cognitive insights into the highly skilled or expert salespersonPSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 2 2006C. David Shepherd A cognitive psychology based approach is used to investigate the highly skilled or expert salesperson. The study utilized verbal protocol analysis to identify differences in the decision processes of expert and less-skilled salespeople as they progressed through a difficult selling situation. The results of this study indicate that experts in sales share several similarities with experts in such diverse fields as chess, medicine, physics, and teaching. For example, expert salespeople were shown to reach better decisions in a faster and more confident manner than their less-skilled contemporaries. Further, in resolving current problems, experts were shown to be more likely to utilize their memory of previous selling situations, as well as to employ different strategies for customer interactions than less-skilled salespeople. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Reinventing the Democratic Governance Project through Information Technology?PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 1 2003A Growing Agenda for Debate Postindustrial societies have arrived at a moment of immense democratic and entrepreneurial opportunities that has been made possible by information technology. At the same time, however, these opportunities pose potential threats if they are not debated and planned for in consensually,legitimate ways. This article examines the current problems of representative democracy and the impact of information technology on the current and future quality of democratic governance. Four generic models of "electronic democracy" that are made possible by interactive information Technologies,electronic bureaucracy, information management, populist, and civil society,are analyzed in terms of their applicability and impact. Information technology's impact on the roles, responsibilities, and accountability of citizens, elected representatives, the media, and corporations is also examined. This article proposes strategies for reinventing democratic governance, including recognizing community values, accommodating critical debate, and providing access for citizen participation in policy analysis. [source] Succeeding at succession: the myth of OrestesTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Kenneth Eisold Abstract:, Although the myth of Oedipus seems an inevitable template for understanding succession in psychoanalysis, the myth of Orestes offers a more complex and promising view of the intergenerational transfer of leadership and authority, one that takes into account the entire community, not merely the individual leader. A closer look at the Aeschylus drama suggests three dimensions that need to be taken into account in managing succession: what are the mechanisms enabling the community to participate, what is the role of the unconscious irrational forces inevitably aroused in the process, and what are the wider social and economic issues that need to be addressed? This paper looks at the myth elaborated in the Greek drama, and then applies it to some of the current problems facing contemporary psychoanalytic institutions. Translations of Abstract Bien que le mythe d'Oedipe semble un modčle incontournable pour appréhender la question de la succession en psychanalyse, le mythe d'Oreste offre une vision plus complexe et plus riche du transfert intergénérationnel de leadership et d'autorité, dans la mesure oů il prend en compte la communauté dans son ensemble et pas seulement le leader en tant qu'individu. Un regard plus attentif ŕ la tragédie d'Eschyle laisse apparaître trois dimensions ŕ prendre en compte dans la compréhension de la succession: les mécanismes permettant ŕ la communauté de participer, le rôle de l'inconscient et des forces irrationnelles émergeant inévitablement au cours du processus et les questions économiques et sociales plus globales qui se posent. Cet article se penche sur le mythe tel qu'il est élaboré dans la tragédie grecque et s'en sert pour éclairer certains problčmes actuels rencontrés dans nos institutions psychanalytiques. Obgleich der Mythos des Ödipus für die Psychoanalyse eine unverzichtbare Schablone zu sein scheint, um das Problem der Erbfolge zu verstehen, bietet der Mythos des Orest eine komplexere und aussichtsreichere Perspektive auf die intergenerationale Weitergabe von Führerschaft und Autorität, nämlich eine, die die gesamte Gemeinschaft berücksichtigt, nicht nur den individuellen Führer. Eine nähere Betrachtung von Äschylus Drama führt zu der Empfehlung, drei Dimensionen der Weitergabe eines Erbes fragend in Betracht zu ziehen: welche Mechanismen ermöglichen der Gemeinschaft, Anteil zu nehmen, worin besteht die Rolle des Unbewußten, der irrationalen Kräfte, die unweigerlich im Prozeß auftreten und welches sind die weiteren sozialen und ökonomischen Fragen, die angesprochen werden müssen? Dieser Text betrachtet den in dem griechischen Drama entwickelten Mythos und wendet ihn darauf folgend auf einige zeitgenössische Problemfelder an, denen heutige psychoanalytische Institutionen gegenüberstehen. Sebbene il mito di Edipo sembri l'inevitabile architrave per comprendere la successione in psicoanalisi, il mito di Oreste offre una visione piů complessa e promettente del passaggio intergenerazionale della leadership e della autoritŕ, visione che tiene in considerazione l'intera comunitŕ e non solo il leader individuale. Uno sguardo piů attento al dramma di Eschilo mostra come debbano essere considerate tre dimensioni perché una successione riesca: quali sono i meccanismi che permettono alla comunitŕ di partecipare, quale č il ruolo delle forze inconsce, irrazionali che inevitabilmente si attivano nel processo e quali sono i principali obiettivi sociali ed economici che devono essere indicati . In questo lavoro si analizza il mito elaborato nel dramma greco e lo si applica poi ad alcuni dei problemi attuali che le moderne societŕ psicoanalitiche devono affrontare. Aún cuando el mito de Edipo pareciera una condición inevitable para entender al proceso de sucesión en psicoanálisis, el mito de Orestes ofrece una visión mas compleja y prometedora de la trasmisión intergeneracional del liderazgo y la autoridad, este tomaría en cuenta a toda una comunidad, y no solamente a un líder individual. Una mirada mas acuciosa del drama de Esquilo sugiere tres dimensiones que deben ser tomadas en cuenta en el manejo de la sucesión: cuales mecanismos permiten la participación de la comunidad, cual es el papel de las fuerzas irracionales e inconsciente que inevitablemente surgen en el proceso, y cuales son los amplios asuntos sociales y económicos que necesitamos estudiar? Este trabajo observa al mito elaborado en el drama griego y lo aplica a la comprensión de algunos de los problemas que enfrentan las instituciones psicoanalíticas contemporáneas. [source] The plot thickens: Land administration and policy in post-New Order IndonesiaASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 1 2004Craig C. Thorburn Land reform is one of many agendas that have preoccupied policy makers, scholars and activists as the nation attempts to reinvent itself in the wake of the collapse of the 32-year New Order government of ex-President Suharto. This article examines some of the main debates swirling around the issue of land management and policy during the post-Suharto ,reformasi' period, and provides illustrations of current problems and emerging trends. The article begins with a brief overview of land law and policy in Indonesia, followed by a discussion of its philosophical and ideological basis. This is followed by a discussion of government reform during the New Order period and beyond, and the social and environmental costs of Indonesia's development. The discussion then turns to efforts to decentralise government, and implications on land admin-istration and policy. Case study examples are provided to illustrate the complex dynamic unfolding across the country. [source] How to Make the Japanese Public Pension System Reliable and WorkableASIAN ECONOMIC POLICY REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Noriyuki TAKAYAMA G23; G38; H55 This paper has two objectives. The first is to identify current problems in Japan's pension administration. The chief problem is a weak governance structure. In particular, the current governance structure ignores the role of pension participants. A rigorous division and clear assignment of responsibilities to each of the pension participants, the Social Insurance Agency, and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare is urgently needed. Given rapid demographic change, the second objective is to consider the case for full tax financing of the National Basic Pension. It is estimated that the net burden would vary across different cohorts, but we demonstrate that the net burden can be smoothed across different cohorts. This result is quite different from that in the 2008 Interim Report of the Japanese National Council on Social Security. [source] When less is more: a more efficient vapour-diffusion protocolACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 10 2003Kirsty V. Dunlop Reducing protein consumption during crystallization screening is of utmost importance to crystallographers because of the time, effort and money that goes into producing pure protein. One approach is to reduce sample volumes with robotics, but a patent and the high cost of equipment limits access. Here, it is shown that the same result can be obtained by reducing the sample concentration in a modified vapour-diffusion protocol, the dilution method. In this protocol, the protein and mother liquor in the crystallization drop are both diluted, while the mother liquor in the well remains undiluted. Vapour diffusion will shrink the initial volume of the crystallization drop, e.g. 1,µl or more, to a drop size equivalent to one dispensed by a robot. This new crystallization method circumvents some of the current problems associated with robotic crystallization screening trials. Because of the large initial volume of the crystallization drop, the evaporation problem is eliminated and dispensing accuracy is improved. In addition, the likelihood that the crystallization experiment starts in the undersaturated region is increased. [source] Supple Praxis: A Paralogical Strategy for ProblemsCOMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 3 2010Dan H. DeGooyer Jr. Based on Lyotard's (1984) paralogy, I provide a paralogical approach to problems in which participants identify and describe grammars of problems as a means to engage them. I provide paralogical grammars of extant problems and their solutions (i.e., performative, reliable, accidental, and wicked) to articulate how they move from more to less easily solved, with an increasing degree of complexity and stake. I offer paralogical action steps to enact a supple praxis as demonstrated through a discussion of hellish problems, a fifth problem type. Participants paralogically address incommensurability as they solve their current problem, so that they may face their next incommensurable problem. Practitioners using a paralogical approach thus both adeptly solve current problems and prepare for unknown future problems. La praxis souple : une stratégie paralogique face aux problčmes Dan H. DeGooyer, Jr. Ŕ partir de la paralogie de Lyotard (1984), je développe une approche paralogique pour affronter les problčmes, approche par laquelle les participants identifient et décrivent des grammaires de problčmes comme moyen d'y faire face. J'offre des grammaires paralogiques de problčmes existants (performatifs, fiables, accidentels et pernicieux) et leurs solutions, afin d'exprimer clairement les maničres dont ces problčmes sont de plus en plus difficiles ŕ résoudre, alors que leur degré de complexité et d'importance augmente. Je présente des étapes d'action paralogique afin de mettre en actes une praxis souple, telle que démontrée dans une discussion des problčmes infernaux, un cinquičme type de problčmes. Les participants traitent de maničre paralogique de l'incommensurabilité quand ils résolvent leur problčme actuel, de maničre ŕ ce qu'ils affrontent le problčme incommensurable suivant. Ainsi, les intervenants qui utilisent une approche paralogique résolvent de façon experte leurs problčmes actuels et se préparent également pour les problčmes futurs qui leur sont encore inconnus. Weiche Praxis: Eine paralogische Strategie für Probleme Dan H. DeGooyer, Jr. Basierend auf der Paralogie von Lyotard (1984) diskutiere ich einen paralogischen Ansatz für Probleme, die Teilnehmer erkennen und deren Grammatik sie beschreiben als ein Mittel, mit diesen Problemen umzugehen. Ich bestimme die paralogische Grammatiken von bestehenden Problemen und ihren Lösungen (z.B. performative, reliable, unbeabsichtigte und boshafte) um auszudrücken, wie sie diese im Feld zwischen mehr oder weniger leicht zu lösen und einem zunehmenden Grad an Komplexität und Einsatz bewegen. Ich biete paralogische Handlungsschritte, um Möglichkeiten einer weichen Praxis darzustellen, wie sie in der Diskussion um infernale Probleme, einem Typ 5-Problem, vorkommen. Die Teilnehmer befassen sich paralogisch mit der Unmessbarkeit während sie ihre aktuellen Probleme lösen, so dass sie ihr nächstes unmessbares Problem angehen können. Praktiker, die einen paralogischen Ansatz verfolgen, lösen also aktuelle Probleme und bereiten sich für unbekannte Probleme in der Zukunft vor. La Práctica Flexible: Una Estrategia Para-lógica para los Problemas Dan H. DeGooyer, Jr. Emmanuel College, University of Iowa, 312 Administrative Building, Boston, MA O2115, USA Resumen Basado en la para-logia de Lyotard (1984), proveo de una aproximación para-lógica a los problemas en la cual los participantes se identifican y describen las gramáticas de los problemas como un medio para comprometerse con ellos. Proveo de una gramática para-lógica de problemas existentes y sus soluciones (a saber, de performancia creíble, accidental, y malintencionado) que articula cómo ellos mueven de más a menos fácilmente solucionados, con un incremento en el grado de complejidad e interés. Ofrezco los pasos de la acción para-lógica una práctica flexible demostrada a través de una discusión de problemas infernales, un quinto tipo de problema. Los participantes trataron para-lógicamente la inconmensurabilidad al resolver el problema corriente, de manera tal que puedan enfrentar el problema inconmensurable siguiente. Los practicantes usando el enfoque para-lógico resolvieron así en forma experta los problemas y se prepararon para los problemas futuros inciertos. [source] TOWARD CASE-BASED REASONING FOR DIABETES MANAGEMENT: A PRELIMINARY CLINICAL STUDY AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM PROTOTYPECOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 3 2009Cindy Marling This paper presents a case-based decision support system prototype to assist patients with Type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy. These patients must vigilantly maintain blood glucose levels within prescribed target ranges to prevent serious disease complications, including blindness, neuropathy, and heart failure. Case-based reasoning (CBR) was selected for this domain because (a) existing guidelines for managing diabetes are general and must be tailored to individual patient needs; (b) physical and lifestyle factors combine to influence blood glucose levels; and (c) CBR has been successfully applied to the management of other long-term medical conditions. An institutional review board (IRB) approved preliminary clinical study, involving 20 patients, was conducted to assess the feasibility of providing case-based decision support for these patients. Fifty cases were compiled in a case library, situation assessment routines were encoded to detect common problems in blood glucose control, and retrieval metrics were developed to find the most relevant past cases for solving current problems. Preliminary results encourage continued research and work toward development of a practical tool for patients. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||