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Cultural Property (cultural + property)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences54%

Selected Abstracts

Cultural Property, Restitution and Value

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2003
Janna Thompson
abstract,Demands for restitution of cultural artefacts and relics raise four main issues: 1) how claims to cultural property can be justified; 2) whether and under what conditions demands for restitution of cultural property are valid , especially when they are made long after the artefacts were taken away; 3) whether there are values, aesthetic, scholarly and educational, which can override restitution claims, even when these claims are legitimate; and 4) how these values bear on the question of whether artefacts should be returned to their place of origin. I argue that a proper conception of cultural property emphasises the role that artefacts play in the practices and traditions of a collectivity. On the basis of this conception, some restitution claims can be defended as legitimate. However, many demands for restitution are not justified (including the Greek claim to the Parthenon Marbles). Moreover, a case for restitution can be more or less strong, and other considerations sometimes prevail over rights of cultural property. [source]

Cultural Property and the Limitations of Preservation

LAW & POLICY, Issue 1 2003
Sarah Harding
Many of the things and places we identify as "cultural property" are in every sense public: they reflect collective experiences in their creation, formal dedication, and the ongoing re-inscription of their meaning. Yet cultural property is a large and protean category of things and places, encompassing far more than public memorials. The significance of much (if not most) cultural property originates not in the public realm but in the open-ended possibilities of personal engagement that enable a "wide range of interpretive distinctions." This paper explores how this vital interpretive process is mediated by public recognition and preservation of cultural property through a growing body of cultural preservation laws. [source]

The law of ownership and control of meteorites

METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue S12 2002
Douglas G. SCHMITT
This article reviews the law in several countries, international law, and considers the legal and ethical issues facing curators wanting to bring finds to the research community and not divert them to a black market. A survey was made of scientists involved in meteorite acquisition in over 20 countries to determine how well various systems work. Meteorite ownership law is non-uniform. English Common Law, from which the law in former British colonies including the United States evolved, provides that meteorites are the landowner's property; buried meteorites might be part of the mineral rights. Find reporting is not mandatory. Most Western European countries, and former colonies, have civil codes providing that meteorites are owned by the landowner. In many countries legislation about archaeological treasures modifies earlier meteorite law. The UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property provides for tracking and retrieving from reciprocating states, cultural property including meteorites. The Antarctic Treaty does not deal with samples exported. In July 2001 the Antarctic Treaty Consultative parties adopted a resolution to discourage non-scientific collection. Curators should exercise caution if acquiring specimens of questionable legal ownership. Governments should be urged to enact laws to (1) discourage non-scientific collection in pristine areas; (2) encourage collection in populated areas by reasonable incentives to finders, with mandatory find reporting; (3) create efficient export permitting systems allowing exchange of research samples; and (4) retrieve illegally exported meteorites under the UNESCO Cultural Property Convention. [source]

A vision from the President of the Council

MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2009
E. Blaine Cliver
Fifty-three years ago a proposal was made to create an inter-governmental centre for the study and improvement of methods for conserving and restoring the cultural heritage of the world. In 1959 this agreement materialized as the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, an inter-governmental organization located in Rome. Now called ICCROM, it has grown to become the premier international centre for conservation, training and information in cultural heritage. Over the past five decades ICCROM has grown and, in so doing, has evolved into the institution we have today. In this process of evolution ICCROM has continued to maintain its standards, though changing to meet the new needs of a diverse world community. Courses are now taught in many places around the globe, some of them specially developed for specific regions. However, ICCROM must adjust to the changing needs and challenges, especially financial ones, if it is to remain meaningful in today's heritage community. [source]

The Importance of the 1899, 1907 and 1999 Hague Conferences for the Legal Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict

MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2005
Adriaan Bos
[source]

Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of antibiotic-producing soil Streptomyces investigated by RAPD-PCR

JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
Raad Gharaibeh
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis has been used to determine the relatedness of 73 antibiotic-producing soil Streptomyces isolates that were recovered from different soil habitats in Jordan based on their RAPD-PCR fingerprints. Genetic polymorphisms between these isolates showed three common bands of 2777, 800 and 250 bp shared by approximately (95%) of them. Some specific bands were also observed. Further analysis of RAPD patterns with the UPGMA resulted in clustering the tested isolates into two main super clusters. Super cluster I was more homogenous than super cluster II and contained all the reference strains. However, super cluster II consists of unrelated isolates within five small groups. As RAPD fingerprints of the tested isolates linked to their phenotypes, differentiation between isolates with different cultural properties was observed. [source]

Envisioning Power in Mexico: Legitimacy, Crisis, and the Practice of Patrimony

JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
Elizabeth Emma Ferry
Yet once he broadened his interests to peasant studies and the history of capitalism, he never returned to make a sustained examination of power in Mexico. This article extends Wolf's insights into an analysis of the current political and economic situation in Mexico. I focus on the practice of categorizing objects as the inalienable property of a given collective, such as a city, region, institution, or nation. These possessions , often referred to as patrimonio (patrimony) , are understood to have been handed down from prior generations and intended to be handed down in turn to future generations. I look at this mode of characterizing property in the areas of subsoil resources, collectively held land, and "cultural properties." [source]

Cultural Property, Restitution and Value

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2003
Janna Thompson
abstract,Demands for restitution of cultural artefacts and relics raise four main issues: 1) how claims to cultural property can be justified; 2) whether and under what conditions demands for restitution of cultural property are valid , especially when they are made long after the artefacts were taken away; 3) whether there are values, aesthetic, scholarly and educational, which can override restitution claims, even when these claims are legitimate; and 4) how these values bear on the question of whether artefacts should be returned to their place of origin. I argue that a proper conception of cultural property emphasises the role that artefacts play in the practices and traditions of a collectivity. On the basis of this conception, some restitution claims can be defended as legitimate. However, many demands for restitution are not justified (including the Greek claim to the Parthenon Marbles). Moreover, a case for restitution can be more or less strong, and other considerations sometimes prevail over rights of cultural property. [source]

Cultural Property and the Limitations of Preservation

LAW & POLICY, Issue 1 2003
Sarah Harding
Many of the things and places we identify as "cultural property" are in every sense public: they reflect collective experiences in their creation, formal dedication, and the ongoing re-inscription of their meaning. Yet cultural property is a large and protean category of things and places, encompassing far more than public memorials. The significance of much (if not most) cultural property originates not in the public realm but in the open-ended possibilities of personal engagement that enable a "wide range of interpretive distinctions." This paper explores how this vital interpretive process is mediated by public recognition and preservation of cultural property through a growing body of cultural preservation laws. [source]

The law of ownership and control of meteorites

METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue S12 2002
Douglas G. SCHMITT
This article reviews the law in several countries, international law, and considers the legal and ethical issues facing curators wanting to bring finds to the research community and not divert them to a black market. A survey was made of scientists involved in meteorite acquisition in over 20 countries to determine how well various systems work. Meteorite ownership law is non-uniform. English Common Law, from which the law in former British colonies including the United States evolved, provides that meteorites are the landowner's property; buried meteorites might be part of the mineral rights. Find reporting is not mandatory. Most Western European countries, and former colonies, have civil codes providing that meteorites are owned by the landowner. In many countries legislation about archaeological treasures modifies earlier meteorite law. The UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property provides for tracking and retrieving from reciprocating states, cultural property including meteorites. The Antarctic Treaty does not deal with samples exported. In July 2001 the Antarctic Treaty Consultative parties adopted a resolution to discourage non-scientific collection. Curators should exercise caution if acquiring specimens of questionable legal ownership. Governments should be urged to enact laws to (1) discourage non-scientific collection in pristine areas; (2) encourage collection in populated areas by reasonable incentives to finders, with mandatory find reporting; (3) create efficient export permitting systems allowing exchange of research samples; and (4) retrieve illegally exported meteorites under the UNESCO Cultural Property Convention. [source]

Ontologies of the image and economies of exchange

AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 1 2004
Fred Myers
ABSTRACT In the early 1970s, the Aboriginal artist and activist Wandjuk Marika asked the Australian government to investigate the unauthorized use of Yolngu clan designs on a variety of commodity forms, inaugurating a process of recognizing Indigenous ownership of "copyright" in such designs. This treatment of design,and of culture,as a form of property involves understandings and practices of materiality and subjectivity that differ from those informing indigenous, Aboriginal relationships to cultural production and circulation. In this article I explore the significance for material culture theory of recent work on and events in the development of notions of cultural property. One of my main concerns is the relevance of local understandings of objectification, or objectness, and human action,as embedded in object-ideologies. I discuss the limited capacity of legal discourses of cultural property to capture and reflect the concerns of Indigenous Australians about their own relation to culture, to creativity, and to expression. [source]