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Cultural Heritage (cultural + heritage)
Kinds of Cultural Heritage Terms modified by Cultural Heritage Selected AbstractsUS protection of underwater cultural heritage beyond the territorial sea: problems and prospectsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 1 2000Ricardo J. Elia Current US treatment of underwater cultural heritage beyond the territorial sea is analysed in light of Law of the Sea principles and the UNESCO Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. [source] Chromatography in the Conservation of Cultural HeritageJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 3 2004Maria Perla Colombini [source] The Impact of Commercial Exploitation on the Preservation of Underwater Cultural HeritageMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2008Tatiana Villegas Zamora It is impossible to talk about underwater cultural heritage and not reflect upon the problem of the commercial exploitation of submerged archaeological sites. The romantic notion of the search for lost treasure embodied in books and popular movies such as the Indiana Jones series takes on a different aspect when we consider that treasure hunting has become one of the most dangerous and devastating threats to the preservation of underwater cultural heritage. Fishing communities, irresponsible sport divers collecting souvenirs or modern-day salvors often equipped with high technology are destroying this newly accessible and rich heritage. Their sole motivation is commercial profit without any concern for archaeological research, preservation of cultural and historical values or the potential for sustainable development involving cultural tourism for the benefit of coastal populations. This article will try to present an overview of the scope of site destruction by commercial exploitation, the loss of scientific information and the strategies used to convince governments and deceive public opinion. [source] Cultures, Conventions, and the Human Rights of Women: Examining the Convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage, and the Declaration on Cultural DiversityMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2007Valentine Moghadam [source] The Museum and the Intangible Cultural HeritageMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1-2 2004Kenji Yoshida [source] Individual or Collective Rights for Cultural Heritage in the Information Society?MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2002Lyndel Prott [source] CIPA 2009 Symposium: Digital Documentation, Interpretation and Presentation Of Cultural HeritageTHE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECORD, Issue 130 2010P. Grussenmeyer No abstract is available for this article. [source] Integrated geophysical and topographical investigation in the territory of Ancient Tarquinia (Viterbo, central Italy)ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION, Issue 3 2007S. Piro Abstract This paper presents the results of an ongoing study of the territory of Ancient Tarquinia (Viterbo, central Italy). The work is part of the University of Milano's ,Tarquinia Project', which studies the monumental area of this territory with particular emphasis on the ,Ara della Regina' temple site. To enhance the knowledge of this territory, a scientific collaboration between the University of Milano (Department of Science of Antiquity) and the Institute of Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage (ITABC-C.N.R.) was initiated in 2000 and is still in progress. The primary objective of the study was to determine the location and degree of conservation of unknown buried structures below the sites studied, using the integration of topographical surveys, three-dimensional laser scanner surveys of the temple and ground-based remote sensing surveys. The remote sensing surveys were carried out using the ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The analysis of the GPR time-slice maps indicates that some structural formations and walls of the buildings are still present below the surface. The results presented and discussed in this paper demonstrate the potential of both the topographical survey combined with the three-dimensional laser scanner survey of the monument and the remote sensing technique for understanding of the presence and the extent of buried buildings with respect to the temple area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Undoing Trauma: Reconstructing the Church of Our Lady in DresdenETHOS, Issue 2 2006Jason James This article is an examination of the recent reconstruction of the Church of Our Lady (Frauenkirche) in Dresden, Germany, in relation to a desire for normalcy, which in this case finds expression in a fantasy of resurrection. The reconstruction of a monumental edifice framed as a victim of World War II and socialism both depends on and enacts the fantasy that historical loss can be undone. In addition, the project identifies Germany with German cultural heritage, which appears wholly distinct from the nation's burdened pasts, and offers a monumental symbolic touchstone for narratives of modern German history in which the nation and its citizens figure primarily as suffering victims. In this way, the reconstruction of the church embodies something more complex than mere forgetting. It enacts a fantasy of undoing loss, rendering the work of mourning unnecessary, while at the same time embracing injury and victimhood. [Germany, Dresden, nationalism, architecture, memory] [source] Mapping the archaeological soil archive of sand and gravel mineral reserves in BritainGEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009Ingrid Ward Primary sand and gravel deposits in Britain play an important role in preserving our cultural heritage and are also a valuable aggregate resource. While an understanding of the extrinsic properties of the soil archive (such as pH, redox, groundwater) can provide a firstorder assessment of the potential risk to any archaeologically sensitive deposits, we have very poor definition of spatial variations in the extrinsic properties of soil that influence archaeological preservation at a regional and national scale. Developments in digital geological mapping, remote sensing, and geochemical survey data undertaken by the British Geological Survey (BGS) have, however, significantly extended capabilities in this respect and can potentially be used to provide a primary assessment of the sensitivity of the present soil archive and the potential risk from changes to the soil process on cultural material in areas earmarked for aggregate extraction. Two of the major factors affecting archaeological preservation,soil acidification and groundwater,can be mapped or predicted at scales of better than 1:50,000 across increasingly large parts of the country using a combination of regional hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical data. Additional data from site investigations may further refine preservation potential as a function of changes in redox potential and acidity. These data, maps and models can be used to (1) better establish a baseline for archaeological preservation at a regional and national scale and (2) improve our understanding of how the physical and chemical properties of the near surface environment can be managed to sustainably preserve archaeological materials in areas impacted by sand and gravel extraction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The Sound of Silence: Valuing Acoustics in Heritage ConservationGEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008PENNY O'CONNOR Abstract This paper explores the reasons behind the omission of historic acoustic values from heritage assessments in Australia. Best practice dictates that all cultural heritage values associated with significant places should be assessed in order to make informed conservation and management decisions. However, the multi-sensory nature of aesthetics has been reframed in guidance documentation in ways that run counter to the primary frame. Conventions that have developed around the way places are assessed also work against comprehensive identification of values. As a result, the consideration of aesthetics in cultural heritage is limited to contemporary visual qualities. Furthermore, because the assessment of historic value takes a diachronic rather than synchronic approach, we have little knowledge of the places past communities valued for the sounds they experienced there. Research into landscape preference and acoustic ecology highlights the importance of identifying the inherent acoustic dimension of places and the role sound plays in developing a sense of place. Two landscape areas in Western Australia's south-west with historic acoustic values, the Boranup Sand Patch and the Lower Reaches of the Blackwood River, illustrate how historic soundscapes can provide insightful contrasts and resonances with contemporary values, and how vulnerable such places are when the sound of place is overlooked in land management policies. [source] Heritage, Identity and Belonging: African Caribbean Students and Art EducationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ART & DESIGN EDUCATION, Issue 3 2006Paul Dash This article addresses the issue of Caribbean cultural under-representation in school art departments. It argues that diasporic subjects are not seen and their cultures not recognised precisely because their contributions to the way we live are indivisible from the mainstream. This in contradistinction to some groups whose cultures and heritages are relatively distinct and separate from Western mores. Our ways of understanding culture do not take this into account. Yet diasporic contributions to the way we live have buttressed Western lifestyles since the beginning of the slave trade. The article argues that this relationship, characterised by multiple entanglements, must be recognised if Caribbean cultural identities are to be seen and valued. In doing so it challenges the way we construct notions of cultural heritage and belonging, and promotes the adoption of more risk-taking pedagogies possibly based on contemporary practices. [source] A review of the Chinese cultural influences on Chinese enterprise managementINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT REVIEWS, Issue 4 2000Kit-Fai Pun In order to create and sustain competitive advantage, a company should not only develop technologies to create products and processes that meet customer needs, but also stimulate a corporate culture that commits to continuous performance improvement. Managing corporate culture is one of a number of important factors that make for organizational change and business success. This paper reviews the cultural roots and identifies the characteristics of Chinese cultural values and management. A comparative analysis of the differences between Anglo-American and Chinese cultures is made. The cultural influences on Chinese management systems are then elaborated with reference to enterprise management in Mainland China and Hong Kong. With unique cultural heritage, collective orientation has a pervasive influence on the mode of Chinese management and organization. The prevailing Chinese culture values stress largely the paternalistic approach to management, acceptance of hierarchy and the importance of relationships. Today's Chinese enterprises need to determine changes in practice or value or both aspects of corporate culture in order to facilitate organizational change and maintain a competitive edge over their rivals. The paper also discusses the links of cultural values to employee involvement (EI) and total quality management (TQM), and initiates a need to manage cultural influences on EI/TQM practices to improve organizational performance in Chinese enterprises. [source] US protection of underwater cultural heritage beyond the territorial sea: problems and prospectsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 1 2000Ricardo J. Elia Current US treatment of underwater cultural heritage beyond the territorial sea is analysed in light of Law of the Sea principles and the UNESCO Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. [source] Paying the piper: a study of musicians and the music businessINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT & VOLUNTARY SECTOR MARKETING, Issue 4 2005Krzysztof Kubacki Many artists argue that treating music as a business represents a particularly insidious force in cultural life, stifling creativity and change. For them business and art are mutually incompatible and they regard the evident economic success of the music industry as an example of the shameless exploitation of our cultural heritage. This paper is based on detailed research into the attitudes of musicians across two distinct cultures. It finds strong echoes of the key criticisms of the music business which have been prominent in academic literature and in the specialist music press for more than a generation. Singled out for particular censure are not-for-profit organisations for apparently following the global recording companies down the same, profit-driven routes. The research confirms that there is a large gap between the expectations of artists and the organisations which employ them and fund their work. It is important that these expectations are understood and, if possible, bridged. For the arts to regain their place at the heart of cultural life it is necessary once more to bring the artists themselves into the picture. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] ,Green earths': vibrational and elemental characterization of glauconites, celadonites and historical pigmentsJOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 8 2008Francesca Ospitali Abstract ,Green earths' are employed since antiquity as pigments in the creation of artworks. The minerals responsible for the colour belong to four groups: (1) the clayey micas celadonite and glauconite, undoubtedly the most common; (2) smectites; (3) chlorites; (4) serpentines. Whereas there have been several studies on clayey materials, mineralogical analyses in the field of cultural heritage are mainly limited to the identification of the green earth without specific characterization of the mineralogical species. This work shows a preliminary characterization by the multi-techniques approach of some raw minerals (glauconite, celadonite and ferroceladonite). Vibrational analyses have been correlated with elemental analyses, thanks to the hyphenated instrumentation of scanning electron microscopy with EDS and Raman structural and chemical analyser (SEM-EDS-SCA) probes, which permitted collection of EDS and Raman spectra on the same microscopic area. Micro-Raman and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopies were able to distinguish between celadonite and glauconite. The use of different lasers revealed resonance effects in the Raman spectra. In addition to pure minerals, archaeological samples and commercial green earths were also analysed, thereby enabling a more precise classification of the green pigments in heterogeneous samples such as wall paintings. Some commercially available green earths were found to contain organic dyes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Raman spectroscopy and related techniques: state of the art and future directions in Italy,JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 2 2008Giuseppe Compagnini Abstract The 20th Italian Conference on Raman Spectroscopy and non-linear effects was held in Catania in June 2007. I had the pleasure to chair the Conference in which scientists from different countries shared their research activities, started new collaborations and straightened the existing ones. For the first time in the GNSR history, the contributors were invited to present papers suitable to be collected in a Special Issue of a peer-reviewed journal and the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy has been chosen for its long tradition on Raman spectroscopy and related fields. This Special Issue is dedicated to the memory of Giorgio Mattei who recently passed away. It includes 28 contributions reporting results and new ideas on material science, biochemistry, astrophysics and science of cultural heritage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Abstracts of the XIIIth International Symposium on Luminescence Spectrometry , Analytical luminescence: new diagnostic tools in life science, food safety and cultural heritage (ISLS 2008)LUMINESCENCE: THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL LUMINESCENCE, Issue 4 2008Article first published online: 6 AUG 200 [source] Mediterranean commercial sponges: over 5000 years of natural history and cultural heritageMARINE ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Roberto Pronzato Abstract This paper deals with the history of the exploitation of a natural resource made up of various types of Mediterranean horny sponges. It also provides an update on trends in the trade of these sponges. The distribution and taxonomic status of Mediterranean species of commercial interest belonging to the genera Spongia and Hippospongia are reported upon and partly emended by (i) the selection of neotypes for Spongia mollissima, Hippospongia communis, and Spongia agaricina from the Indo-Pacific Ocean versus the Mediterranean Spongia lamella, and (ii) the discussion regarding the problematic status of Spongia zimocca. Attention is also focused upon species that have been of recent commercial interest as sources of metabolites with biomedical potential, such as Dysidea avara, which is considered endangered due to a pressing demand for the industrial extraction of chemicals it produces (e.g. Avarol). The wild harvesting of new target sponges is also discussed, together with a proposal for a rational, sustainable, long-term strategy for Mediterranean sponge management. Sponge culture in situ is suggested as a useful approach that may allow eco-compatible management and conservation of this natural resource. [source] Potential and limitations of laser technology in restoration of metallic objects of art and cultural heritageMATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 3 2008U. Klotzbach Abstract Potential applications of laser techniques, such as precision cutting, micro welding, and ablation of stains, are presented. Concerning laser beam ablation, we explain the mechanism, and then discuss potential applications (cleaning of gilded or solid metal surfaces, cleaning of verdigris) and limits (thinning of verdigris, removing rust from verdigris). This research has been performed within the frame of a joint project sponsored by Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU, German Foundation for the Environment) as well as in immediate co-operation with restorers. The presentation of these results is to propose laser technology as a promising option to be taken into account in planning and doing restoratory work. [source] A vision from the President of the CouncilMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2009E. Blaine Cliver Fifty-three years ago a proposal was made to create an inter-governmental centre for the study and improvement of methods for conserving and restoring the cultural heritage of the world. In 1959 this agreement materialized as the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, an inter-governmental organization located in Rome. Now called ICCROM, it has grown to become the premier international centre for conservation, training and information in cultural heritage. Over the past five decades ICCROM has grown and, in so doing, has evolved into the institution we have today. In this process of evolution ICCROM has continued to maintain its standards, though changing to meet the new needs of a diverse world community. Courses are now taught in many places around the globe, some of them specially developed for specific regions. However, ICCROM must adjust to the changing needs and challenges, especially financial ones, if it is to remain meaningful in today's heritage community. [source] ICCROM's Contribution to the Ethics of HeritageMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2009Isabelle Vinson As UNESCO commemorates the founding of ICCROM, this article looks at the effects of conservation practices on building an international ethical framework for protecting the cultural heritage. Starting from the conditions in which ICCROM was created, it reviews the role of non-European countries in particular in creating the international programme for the conservation of heritage. It also emphasizes the importance for the future of an analysis that considers both normative and deontological instruments and practical ways of protecting heritage. [source] The Impact of Commercial Exploitation on the Preservation of Underwater Cultural HeritageMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2008Tatiana Villegas Zamora It is impossible to talk about underwater cultural heritage and not reflect upon the problem of the commercial exploitation of submerged archaeological sites. The romantic notion of the search for lost treasure embodied in books and popular movies such as the Indiana Jones series takes on a different aspect when we consider that treasure hunting has become one of the most dangerous and devastating threats to the preservation of underwater cultural heritage. Fishing communities, irresponsible sport divers collecting souvenirs or modern-day salvors often equipped with high technology are destroying this newly accessible and rich heritage. Their sole motivation is commercial profit without any concern for archaeological research, preservation of cultural and historical values or the potential for sustainable development involving cultural tourism for the benefit of coastal populations. This article will try to present an overview of the scope of site destruction by commercial exploitation, the loss of scientific information and the strategies used to convince governments and deceive public opinion. [source] UNESCO and Languages: A Commitment to Culture and DevelopmentMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2008Mauro Rosi For more than sixty years languages and multilingualism have constituted essential aspects of UNESCO's programme and this remains true today. This is due, on the one hand, to the fact that we are witnessing an unprecedented valorisation of intangible cultural heritage in all its forms, and on the other, to the fear that globalization will cause an acceleration in the disappearance of a large number of languages. In this context, UNESCO has opted in favour of languages and multilingualism, by creating a normative tool and specialized and multidisciplinary programmes. [source] Mapping the nation: street names and Arab-Palestinian identity: three case studiesNATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 2 2002Maoz Azaryahu The naming of streets is part of the ongoing process of mapping the boundaries of the nation. This article examines three sets of Arab-Palestinian street names , pre-1948 Haifa and Jerusalem and post-1948 Umm el Fahm , as locally constructed ,texts of identity' in the historical and political context of their official creation. The investigation aims at charting the ideological orientations represented and the political messages entailed in these three different textual manifestations of Arab-Palestinian national identity. The analysis focuses on notions of historical and cultural heritage as expressed in the choice of street names. Finally, it offers an interpretative evaluation of this process, placing it within broader ideological and historical contexts. [source] Blood and desire: The secret of heteronormativity in adoption narratives of cultureAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 3 2009SARA DOROW ABSTRACT In this article, we use narratives of cultural identity among U.S. parents of children adopted from China to conceptually explore the ideas that underwrite socially intelligible kinship. Although these narratives address the cultural heritage of the child, we find that they also perform a kind of social labor. The ways adoptive parents respond to the "culture question" (their children's birth heritage) also speak to family identity in relation to a foundational imaginary of heteronormative kinship, namely, the equivalence of biological and social family origins. We assert that the "secret" of socially intelligible kinship is revealed in the shifting meanings of blood and social desire in ideas of kinship, which has important implications for new kinship studies as well as for adoption scholarship. [kinship, heteronormativity, adoption, culture, race, desire] [source] Outside the glass case: The social life of urban heritage in KyotoAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 2 2009CHRISTOPH BRUMANN ABSTRACT Recent anthropological and other literature tends to assume that the uses of heritage in modern societies lead to the falsification, petrification, desubstantiation, and enclosure of the things and practices so designated. Yet two traditions of Japan's ancient capital Kyoto,the historic town houses (kyō-machiya) that have found a new appreciation since the 1990s and the Gion matsuri, one of the most famous festivals of the nation,contradict these assumptions. Their well-documented histories are not widely distorted; they are not forever fixed but allowed to evolve; they are valued not only for their traditionality but also for other, substantive qualities; and their appreciation is not dominated by a concern for social boundaries. This is influenced by the urban, relatively sophisticated and cosmopolitan background of both traditions, as it is in parallel cases elsewhere. Greater attention to the perspectives of their carriers, however, will very likely show that the social uses of other traditions too are more complex than the standard assumptions lead one to believe. [Japan, cultural heritage, invention of tradition, vernacular architecture, festivals, urban anthropology] [source] Frontal polymerization of acrylic monomers for the consolidation of stonePOLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 4 2005Silvia Vicini Abstract Polymeric products are largely used for consolidation of stone in the field of cultural heritage. Nevertheless, the main problem of polymeric compounds is related to their macromolecular nature, it being difficult for a polymer to penetrate inside the pores which may have a very small diameter. These considerations are the starting points for in situ polymerization. According to this technique, not the pre-formed polymer, but the monomer is introduced into the stone and it is polymerized in situ in a subsequent step. Frontal polymerization (FP) is a particular technique in which the heat released by the exothermal reaction of monomer to polymer conversion is exploited to promote the formation of a hot traveling front able to propagate and self-sustain the reaction. In the present work, FP is performed inside the pores of the stone and the results lead to the conclusion that the hot front is still active in the presence of an inorganic material which dissipates partially the heat released during the polymerization. In addition some recent applications of FP are discussed in comparison with the traditional polymerization for the in situ consolidation and protection of stones. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Investigation by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of secondary metabolites in lichens deposited on stone monumentsRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 6 2003Francesco De Angelis Lichens are ubiquitous organisms formed by symbiotic associations of fungal hyphas and algae that also grow under often extreme environmental conditions. They produce secondary metabolites, the so-called lichen substances, whose structural characterization can give an important contribution to lichen taxonomy. Lichens are also widely employed as biomonitors of atmospheric pollution; being epiphyte organisms they tend, in fact, to accumulate exogenous compounds. Moreover, it could be questioned if the environmental stress alters their secondary metabolites production. Therefore, a new strategy for the analysis of the organic substances absorbed or metabolized by lichens has been developed. This method exploits the dry solid-phase microextraction (SPME) headspace technique coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Lichens coating the stone surfaces of monuments, located in small towns between high mountains and far away from urban environments, have been investigated. In the field of cultural heritage, this study can contribute to the knowledge of the state of conservation of outdoor exposed historical monuments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Japanese Contributions to the Theory of International TradeTHE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2000Paul Oslington This paper outlines a number of significant Japanese contributions to the theory of international trade in the postwar period, and identifies some of their characteristic topics and methods. It then seeks to explain these characteristics, with reference to Japan's intellectual and cultural heritage, its pressing national priorities, and the situation of the Japanese economist within Japanese society and the economics profession internationally. It is argued that despite these common characteristics we cannot speak meaningfully of a Japanese school of trade theory, although there is a characteristically Japanese approach to trade policy. Finally, some reasons for the neglect of Japanese contributions are explored. JEL Classification Numbers: B20, F19. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||