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Cultural Change (cultural + change)
Selected AbstractsChina's Minorities, Cultural Change, and Ethnic IdentityHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2005Donald S. Sutton China's non-Han ethnic groups have been precipitated both through assimilation and territorial expulsion at the hands of the agriculturalists who gradually formed the Han Chinese majority and became the basis of empire, and by the last dynasty's incorporation of the thinly populated regions to the west and north. Recent research distinguishes assimilation from acculturation, indicating that both may occur at local initiative on local terms, and in the non-Han as well as the Han direction. New ethnicities have emerged through ecological adaptation and isolation. China's recognized minorities continue to play an important role in defining both the self-image of Han Chinese and China's identity as a modern nation-state. [source] Reconfiguring Gender with John Dewey: Habit, Bodies, and Cultural ChangeHYPATIA, Issue 1 2000SHANNON SULLIVAN This paper demonstrates how John Dewey's notion of habit can help us understand gender as a constitutive structure of bodily existence. Bringing Dewey's pragmatism in conjunction with Judith Butler's concept of performativity, 1 provide an account of how rigid binary configurations of gender might be transformed at the level of both individual habit and cultural construct. [source] National Politics, Indigenous Constituencies, and Cultural Change in Southern Venezuela Commentary on "State-led Democratic Politics ,"JOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Chris J. Shepherd [source] Media, Language Policy and Cultural Change in Tatarstan: Historic vs.NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 2 2000Pragmatic Claims to Nationhood The politics of national identity in the Republic of Tatarstan are complex and often contradictory. Although sometimes posed in terms of an historical legacy, claims to nationhood are also strongly shaped by more pragmatic contemporary concerns. In addition to more conventional forms of political mobilisation, national identity is also contested in cultural arenas. Examining policies on language reform and media development, for example, sheds light on the processes through which a sense of national identity is currently being renegotiated in Tatarstan. The Republic's official multicultural policy is situated in the context of a range of distinct conceptions of Tatarstan's identity, from radical Islamic nationalism to a view of the republic as a Russian province. [source] Transforming Youth Justice: Occupational Identity and Cultural Change by A. SouhamiTHE HOWARD JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE, Issue 1 2008JOHN MUNCIE No abstract is available for this article. [source] Cultural Change and the Market Revolution in America, 1789,1860 by Scott C. Martin, EditorTHE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE, Issue 3 2006Alexis A. Antracoli No abstract is available for this article. [source] "I'll Take Chop Suey": Restaurants as Agents of Culinary and Cultural ChangeTHE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 4 2003Samantha Barbas First page of article [source] Differences in the Performance of Public Organisations in Ghana: Implications for Public-Sector Reform PolicyDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 6 2006Francis Owusu This article uses survey data from Ghana to examine whether there are significant differences in the characteristics of poor and well performing public organisations, and finds that they differ in two respects: remuneration and hiring criteria. It argues that transforming those that perform poorly is, however, more complex than simply addressing these differences: it requires fundamental changes in the cultures of organisations. Recommendations are made for designing comprehensive public-sector reform strategies that focus on both the enabling environment and achieving cultural change in specific organisations, avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach. [source] Synchronizing Karma: The Internalization and Externalization of a Shared, Personal BeliefETHOS, Issue 2 2008Steven G. Carlisle It is not just a process of moving things into the individual but one of synchronizing imaginings of experience. For Bangkok's Buddhists, karma is a concept that is both culturally shared and, often, deeply personal. Karmic experiences are understood individually and shared through personal karmic narratives. A set of shared standards determines which stories can be accepted as describing karmic experiences while also serving to shape the individual's interpretations of those experiences. Although social monitoring of interpretations of individual experiences makes belief in karma acceptable, the intersection of abstract doctrine with personal interpretations gives the doctrine a nearly undeniable veracity. Therefore, synchronized karmic beliefs thrive, despite Bangkok's rapid development and cultural change. Addressing dynamics of synchronization moves psychological anthropology beyond frameworks of acquisition and internalization to considerations of negotiating agency in the reproduction of culture. [Buddhism, internalization, karma, imagination, narrative] [source] The theory of human development: A cross-cultural analysisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2003CHRISTIAN WELZEL This article demonstrates that socioeconomic development, emancipative cultural change and democratization constitute a coherent syndrome of social progress , a syndrome whose common focus has not been properly specified by classical modernization theory. We specify this syndrome as ,human development', arguing that its three components have a common focus on broadening human choice. Socioeconomic development gives people the objective means of choice by increasing individual resources; rising emancipative values strengthen people's subjective orientation towards choice; and democratization provides legal guarantees of choice by institutionalizing freedom rights. Analysis of data from the World Values Surveys demonstrates that the linkage between individual resources, emancipative values and freedom rights is universal in its presence across nations, regions and cultural zones; that this human development syndrome is shaped by a causal effect of individual resources and emancipative values on freedom rights; and that this effect operates through its impact on elite integrity, as the factor which makes freedom rights effective. [source] Nature-Society Interactions in the Pacific IslandsGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2003Patrick D. Nunn ABSTRACT This paper focuses on nature,society interactions in the Pacific Islands before European contact about 200 years ago. It argues that the character of early interactions was decided by both the nature of a particular island environment and the intentions of the human settlers. Throughout the pre-European contact human history of the Pacific Islands, environmental changes of extraneous cause have been the main control of societal and cultural change. This environmental determinist view is defended using many examples. The contrary (and more popular) cultural determinist view of societal change in the Pacific Islands is shown to be based on largely spurious data and argument. A key example discussed is the ,AD 1300 Event', a time of rapid temperature and sea-level fall which had severe, abrupt and enduring effects on Pacific Island societies. It is important to acknowledge the role of environmental change in cultural transformation in this region. [source] Team coaching helps a leadership team drive cultural change at CaterpillarGLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 4 2008Merrill C. Anderson Team coaching readied NACD's top leaders for a broad cultural initiative, showing them how to be more effective with each other, and then how to drive behavioral change across the business by embodying the principles of service. The three-phase initiative included coaching activities such as peer feedback, individual coaching engagements, in-the-moment group coaching, and coaching skills training. The leadership team dealt with its nonproductive habits of interaction; gained deeper insights about the individual and organizational behavior changes needed to implement a customer-centric culture of service; defined and held each other accountable for new behavioral norms; and instituted processes to make its discussions and decision making more effective. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] THE PRICE OF METAPHORHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 1 2005JOSEPH FRACCHIA ABSTRACT In his critical response to our skeptical inquiry, "Does Culture Evolve?" (History and Theory, Theme Issue 38 [December 1999], 52,78), W. G. Runciman affirms that "Culture Does Evolve." However, we find nothing in his essay that convinces us to alter our initial position. And we must confess that in composing an answer to Runciman, our first temptation was simply to urge those interested to read our original article,both as a basis for evaluating Runciman's attempted refutation of it and as a framework for reading this essay, which addresses in greater detail issues we have already raised. Runciman views the "selectionist paradigm" as a "scientific""puzzle-solving device" now validated by an "expanding literature" that has successfully modeled social and cultural change as "evolutionary." All paradigms, however, including scientific ones, give rise to self-validating "normal science." The real issue, accordingly, is not whether explanations can be successfully manufactured on the basis of paradigmatic assumptions, but whether the paradigmatic assumptions are appropriate to the object of analysis. The selectionist paradigm requires the reduction of society and culture to inheritance systems that consist of randomly varying, individual units, some of which are selected, and some not; and with society and culture thus reduced to inheritance systems, history can be reduced to "evolution." But these reductions, which are required by the selectionist paradigm, exclude much that is essential to a satisfactory historical explanation,particularly the systemic properties of society and culture and the combination of systemic logic and contingency. Now as before, therefore, we conclude that while historical phenomena can always be modeled selectionistically, selectionist explanations do no work, nor do they contribute anything new except a misleading vocabulary that anesthetizes history. [source] Managing organisational culture: insights from the hospitality industryHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, Issue 1 2002Emmanuel Ogbonna Despite the widespread criticism of the culture management approach by respected academics, recent surveys indicate that managers are continuing to engage in planned cultural interventions. Indeed, reports demonstrate that managing organisational culture is one of the most popular forms of managerial intervention, with one survey concluding that over 90 per cent of organisations engage in planned cultural change. This study describes and analyses organisational culture interventions in four companies within a single industry. It argues that the conceptualisation of organisational culture and culture change should be differentiated in ways that recognise the significance of contextual factors. It presents an analysis of interventions in the hospitality industry and delineates four insights from this sector that are pertinent to the theory and practice of managing cultural change. [source] Consumer empowerment in consumer education.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 3 2003Experiences from educational, consumer studies of youngsters The aim of consumer education has mainly been to teach and educate students to be and act as informed, rational and prudent consumers. This understanding of consumption as reasoned behaviour or action is inadequate in the late modern society, where consumerism is first and foremost characterised by globalisation, cultural change and the liberation of the individual. The results of a research study involving Danish pupils aged 12,19 present a picture where consumption is both connected to material and immaterial aspects of life. Consumption as such has a significant impact on and meaning for the single person: it becomes a way human beings communicate and interact. Consumption is part of children's and youngsters' formation and socialisation, and plays a role in the development of identity and self-conception. Formal institutional consumer enlightenment and the education of students in a class stand in contradiction to informal consumer socialisation and the education of individuals. The educational project may be described as ,educating for critical consumer awareness and action competence'. But consumer education is located in the field of tension between ,consumership' and ,citizenship'. The pilot study seeks to address and integrate consumer socialization and consumer education in order to reflect on empowerment as part of education. [source] On the Relative Isolation of a Micronesian Archipelago during the Historic Period: the Palau Case-StudyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Richard Callaghan Contact between Europeans and Pacific Islanders beginning in the early 1500s was both accidental and intentional. Many factors played a role in determining when contacts occurred, but some islands remained virtually isolated from European influence for decades or even centuries. We use Palau as a case-study for examining why this archipelago was free from direct European contact until 1783, despite repeated attempts by the Spanish to reach it from both the Philippines and Guam. As computer simulations and historical records indicate, seasonally-unfavourable winds and currents account for the Spanish difficulty. This inadvertently spared Palauans from early Spanish missionaries, disease, and rapid cultural change. © 2007 The Authors [source] The perception and utilisation of social support in times of cultural change: the case of Arabs in IsraelINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 3 2008Faisal Azaiza Arabs in Israel are currently undergoing a modernisation process characterised by a gradual shift from a collectivistic to an individualistic cultural orientation. During such a transition, perceptions and utilisation of social support assume great significance. This article examines perceptions and utilisation patterns of social support networks among Arabs in Israel. The research population consisted of 507 respondents, representative of the Arab population, randomly selected by means of a telephone survey. Findings are discussed within the context of modernisation processes, collectivistic and individualistic cultural orientations, and their association with the perception and utilisation of social support. [source] Knowledge is a Dangerous Thing: Authority Relations, Ideological Conservatism, and Creativity in Confucian-Heritage CulturesJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 1 2008DAVID YAU FAI HO ABSTRACT Throughout history, the generation, exercise, and dissemination of knowledge are fraught with dangers, the root causes of which are traceable to the definition of authority relations. The authors compare Greek myths and Chinese legends, setting the stage for a metarelational analysis of authority relations between teacher and students and between scholar-teachers and political rulers in Confucian-heritage cultures. These two relations are rooted in ideological conservatism. They are related in a higher-order relation or metarelation: Political control and the definition of the teacher-student relationship reinforce each other in consolidating authoritarian values. Thus, ideological conservatism shapes educational philosophy and socialization. It conflicts with present demands for creativity in the service of knowledge-based economies. Hence, a major issue in cultural change to be addressed concerns the dilemma between maintaining authoritarian control and enhancing creativity. [source] Creating the conditions for growth: a collaborative practice development programme for clinical nurse leadersJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2010CHRISTINE A. BOOMER RGN, PG Cert. boomer c.a.& mccormack b. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 633,644 Creating the conditions for growth: a collaborative practice development programme for clinical nurse leaders Aim, To evaluate a 3-year practice development (PD) programme for clinical nurse leaders. Background, The development of effective leaders is a key objective to progress the modernization agenda. This programme aimed to develop the participants alongside development of the culture and context of care. Methods, Programme evaluation methodology to determine the ,worth' of the programme, inform the experience of the participation, effect on workplace cultures and determine effectiveness of the process used. Results, Created the conditions for growth under two broad themes: process outcomes demonstrating growth as leaders contributing to cultural shifts; and general outcomes demonstrating practice changes. Conclusions, Developing communities of reflective leaders are required to meet demands within contemporary healthcare. PD provides a model to develop leaders to achieve sustainable changes and transform practice. Implications for nursing management, Active collaboration and participation of managers is crucial in the facilitation of and sustainability of cultural change. Approaches adopted to develop and sustain the transformation of practice need to focus on developing the skills and attributes of leaders and managers as facilitators. [source] Work stress: an exploratory study of the practices and perceptions of female junior healthcare managersJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2002K. Rodham BSc(HONS) Aim:, This exploratory study set out to investigate the perceptions and practices of junior healthcare managers with regard to stress at work. Background:, It has been suggested that cultural change is needed to accommodate a shift towards recognition of organizational responsibility for stress (Schulz et al. 1985). Logically, it can be argued that junior healthcare managers, as potential future senior managers, are best placed to facilitate this change. Junior healthcare managers' current thinking about stress had not yet been explored in depth. Method:, A combination of critical incident diaries and semistructured interviews was conducted with six junior healthcare managers. The data were analysed and transcribed using a grounded theory approach. Findings:, The main themes to emerge were that junior healthcare managers were generally unaware of (a) potential work stressors and (b) the effect of work stressors on their own health and performance and that of their staff. Conclusions:, The perceptions and practices of junior healthcare managers suggest that there is a culture of acceptance and expectation of work stress, combined with a lack of awareness to effectively and proactively manage it. [source] Ethical control and cultural change (in cultural dreams begin organizational responsibilities)JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2010Slawomir Magala Ethical control is based on transparent access to the accounts of responsible behaviour on the part of individual and organizational actors. It is usually linked to the idea of a checkpoint: where celibate rules, no sexual interaction can be allowed. However, organizing and managing climates in professional bureaucracies have always led towards the empowerment of the operatives (regional bishops and local parish priests in the case of the Catholic Church). History of the church is repeated by corporate bureaucracies in the wake of the globalized and individualized multimedia communications, ushering in the era of hyper-connectivity and traceability of individual behaviour. From industrial camera records at the parking lot or building entrance to the Google analysis of surfing behaviour, all of us generate public confessions and see more private acts subjected to the public ethical clearings. Universities, like hospitals, airlines and armies before them, had to enter the game of cognitive and institutional conscience game with codes of conduct and other digital tablets with 10 or more commandments. What about the gravest capital and collective sins of our societies translated daily into millions of unethical behaviours? Inequalities and injustices usually circle around gender, race, poverty and nature. Charity begins in heart and mind, but requires cultural change and a humanist coefficient in educational and socializing interactions. Stock options of arts and humanities as the prime suppliers of applied ethical procedures in educational settings should/will go up. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] God Is Nothing but Talk: Modernity, Language, and Prayer in a Papua New Guinea SocietyAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 4 2001Joel Robbins This article brings together theories of local modernity and of linguistic ideology to analyze the way the Urapmin of Papua New Guinea have encountered modern linguistic ideology through their Christianization. Against the prevailing anthropological focus on the indigenization of modernity, this article argues the importance of attending to cases in which people grasp the content of modernity on its own terms. Studying this kind of local modernity allows us to model an important kind of contemporary cultural change and discover neglected aspects of modernity as refracted through the experiences of people new to it. Here, an analysis of the Urapmin encounter with modern linguistic ideology reveals that ideology's rootedness in a model that ties meaning to intention and truthfulness and favors the speaker over the listener in the construction of meaning. It is suggested that an awareness of the biases of this ideology can open up new topics in linguistic anthropology. [modernity, linguistic ideology, religion, Christianity, Melanesia] [source] Extended schooling, adolescence, and the renegotiation of responsibility among Italian immigrant families in New Haven, Connecticut, 1910,1940NEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, Issue 94 2001Stephen Lassonde Young people's ideas about their obligations to parents are linked to the popularization of high school as an institutional space for adolescence. This chapter examines the growing acceptance of the concept of adolescence among Italian immigrants historically as a salient example of a broader cultural change. [source] Driving decision making with dataNEW DIRECTIONS FOR INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 137 2008Patricia J. McClintock This case study illustrates the power that data can have on successful planning, decision making, cultural change, and results. [source] Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Its Challenges for Nonprofit ManagersNONPROFIT MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP, Issue 1 2000Dennis W. Hostetler In the wake of the recent New Jersey Supreme Court decision, Dale v. Boy Scouts of America and Monmouth Council Boy Scouts (1999), this article examines the issue of sexual orientation discrimination and the challenges it presents nonprofit managers. Because of regional shifts in public opinion, the enactment of nondiscrimination laws at the state and local level, and now a state Supreme Court interpreting state law to include the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) as a "public accommodation," nonprofit managers may face a more complex legal and moral environment. It is hoped that this article will challenge nonprofit managers to carefully reexamine their membership and personnel policies with respect to lesbians and gay men and begin preparing their organizations for this cultural change. [source] Theorizing world culture through the New World: East Indians and creolizationAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 4 2006VIRANJINI MUNASINGHE This article is an ethnographic inquiry into the production of theory. In it, I specifically ask why the concept "creole" has assumed such significance today for theorists working outside the Caribbean for interpreting the dynamics of cultural change globally. Relocating "creole" in its historical and regional context, I analyze how and why interculturation, an essential feature of creolization that is championed by global theorists, is transformed into acculturation when creolization theory is applied to East Indians in Trinidad. I argue that creolization fails as theory with respect to East Indians because of its ontology as a schizophrenic theory, that is, one in which theory and ideology are conflated. I call for a reconceptualization of creolization theory by first recognizing the limitations imposed by such instances of epistemological collapse. [source] Evaluating evidence-based practice within critical careNURSING IN CRITICAL CARE, Issue 3 2008Helen O'Neal Abstract Background and Aims:, Between 2002-2005 the Trust undertook an action research project to evaluate a corporate practice development strategy. During this period clinicians became practitioner-researchers utilising a variety of methods to evaluate the influence of practice development. One aspect of this focused upon evaluation of evidence based guidelines. This article concentrates upon this process and the learning from this within critical care. Method:, Within critical care it was recognised that the standard of guidelines and protocols varied in terms of the amount of evidence used to underpin decision making. A group was set up to evaluate and appraise these using a structured format such as the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument. Findings:, The initial evaluation (cycle 1) highlighted learning associated with the process of using the instrument within critical care, as well as where the quality of the guidelines could be improved. The second cycle of evaluation demonstrated that implementation of the action plans as a consequence of cycle 1 resulted in an improvement in the quality of the guidelines. It also resulted in streamlining the process of undertaking guideline appraisal across a Trust. Discussion and Conclusions:, Action resulting from analysis of the findings of cycle 1 led to a cultural change in which the structure of a tool such as the AGREE instrument could be beneficial in the development of future guidelines. This has been sustained both within critical care and Trust wide with various initiatives such as the establishment of critical care multidisciplinary guideline development groups and a Trust wide electronic library management system. [source] Cultural versus reproductive success: Why does economic development bring new tradeoffs?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Lesley Newson Achievements that attract social rewards in developed countries, such as educational qualifications, a prestigious career, and the ability to acquire prestige goods, interfere with a woman's ability to achieve reproductive success. This tradeoff between cultural and reproductive success may have developed because economic development creates an evolutionarily novel social environment. In the social environment of developed countries, a far smaller proportion of social exchange is between kin than in the small-scale communities in which the human brain and behavior evolved. Evidence suggests that social interaction between non-kin is less likely to encourage behavior that enhances inclusive fitness. A model of the cultural change that is likely to result from this change in social influence suggests that beliefs and values will become increasingly less consistent with the pursuit of fitness (Newson et al. [2007]: Evol Hum Behav 28: 199,210). Responses to the World Value Survey, which has been carried out in over 70 countries, confirm a number of the predictions of this model. In countries where fertility began to decline more recently, people appear to perceive the costs of having children to be lower relative to the cost of childlessness and the benefits of being a parent. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] What do Swedish physiotherapists feel about research?PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2002A survey of perceptions, attitudes, engagement, intentions Abstract Background and Purpose Although the past decades have witnessed an increase in physiotherapy research, there remains a concern about the translation of research into clinical practice, a problem that to date has attracted relatively limited interest. The aim of the present study was to investigate perceptions and attitudes toward research, intentions to perform as well as actual engagement in research-related activities in a sample of Swedish physiotherapists. Method A cross-sectional design was used, and 343 Swedish physiotherapists responded to a postal questionnaire (representing a response rate of 61.7%). Questions about research-related activities were measured on a Likert-type scale, whereas questions referring to attitudes toward research used a semantic differential scale. Results The physiotherapists considered research as an important part of their professional role. Reading research literature was perceived as the most important research activity, and all mean attitude ratings were on the positive side of the scale. High workload and lack of time were the most commonly mentioned barriers to participation in research-related activities. Although Swedish physiotherapists read a large variety of journals, they most frequently read in their own language. Conclusions The physiotherapists in this study were generally positive about research, which offers hope for an increased use of evidence-based practice in the future. In order to facilitate this development, easily accessible summaries could be provided. A cultural change within the profession, allowing more time for reading and discussing research reports should be encouraged. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Stepping Out: Rhetorical Devices and Culture Change Management in the UK Civil ServicePUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 4 2001Amanda Driscoll Organizational culture is the pattern of values and beliefs held by members of an organization and the management of culture is now one of the most frequently discussed of all organizational concepts. The excitement associated with culture is attributable to two factors. First, it is argued that culture is the key to organizational performance; simply stated, a strong organizational culture can be a source of competitive advantage. Second, culture is perceived as an alternative method of control to traditional and technocratic forms of management and can be manipulated to ensure that employees are enthusiastic and committed to organizational objectives. Despite the extensive interest in this topic, culture remains an elusive concept. This paper investigates the nature of culture and considers strategies for introducing cultural change. Specifically, the aims of the paper are threefold. First, to locate and explain the interests and significance of culture change for the public sector. Second, using a case study of a newly created agency, to investigate the problems and issues affecting cultural change in the civil service. Third, to reassess and critically evaluate the claims for culture management made in the literature. Finally, this paper questions some of the assumptions in the literature, which with few exceptions are biased toward top management and the unitary conception of organization, an ideological frame of reference which is particularly problematic in the public sector. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||