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Cultural
Kinds of Cultural Terms modified by Cultural Selected AbstractsCULTURAL & SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES/SOLUTIONSECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION, Issue 1 2004Article first published online: 22 APR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] COMPARING INVASIVE NETWORKS: CULTURAL AND POLITICAL BIOGRAPHIES OF INVASIVE SPECIES,GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 2 2004PAUL ROBBINS ABSTRACT. Under what cultural and political conditions do certain species become successful invaders? What impact does species invasion have on human culture and politics? The work assembled in this special issue of the Geographical Review suggests complex interspecies interactions that complicate any answer to these questions. It demonstrates the need to advance a more integrative human/environment approach to species invasion than has hitherto been seen. Reviewing the concepts demonstrated in these articles and applying them to case histories of Mimosaceae (a family that includes genera such as Acacia, Prosopis, and Mimosa) invasion, two general principles become clear. The status and identification of any species as an invader, weed, or exotic are conditioned by cultural and political circumstances. Furthermore, because the human "preparation of landscape" is a prerequisite for most cases of invasion, and because species invasions impact local culture and politics in ways that often feed back into the environmental system, specific power-laden networks of human and non-human actors tend to create the momentum for invasion. It is therefore possible to argue a more general cultural and political account of contemporary species expansion: It is not species but sociobiological networks that are invasive. [source] The Artist in Society: Understandings, Expectations, and Curriculum ImplicationsCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 3 2008RUBÉN A. GAZTAMBIDE-FERNÁNDEZ ABSTRACT Disparate and contradicting assumptions about culture play a significant role in how the artist is constructed in the public imagination. These assumptions have important implications for how young artists should be educated and for the curriculum of artistic education. In this article, I theorize three conceptions of the role of the artist in society and the challenge they present for artistic education. I discuss three theoretical conceptions: the artist as Cultural "Civilizer," the artist as "Border Crosser," and the artist as "Representator." Although markedly different, these three conceptions all view the artist as an agent playing an active role in society, or a type of "cultural worker." I argue that these different views of the artist are grounded on different cultural discourses, that each of these discourses constructs the artist as an individual in a particular way, and that each view of the artist corresponds to specific institutions that mediate the role of the artist in society. Furthermore, I suggest the implications that each of these views has for the curriculum of artistic education and the preparation of cultural workers. I suggest that a contemporary artistic education grounded on these views should affirm the role of the artist in the public sphere of a democratic society. [source] Respect and Disrespect: Cultural and Developmental Origins.ETHOS, Issue 1 2010(eds.) San Francisco: Wiley Periodicals, Barbara J. Shwalb, David W. Shwalb, Inc. 2006. No abstract is available for this article. [source] What's Cultural about Biocultural Research?ETHOS, Issue 1 2005WILLIAM W. DRESSLER Advances in biocultural research have been hampered by the lack of an explicit theory of culture. Culture can be viewed as a collection of cultural models of specific domains with empirically verifiable distributions within a social group. Individuals are variably able to approximate these models in their own beliefs and behavior, a concept referred to as "cultural consonance." Cultural consonance is hypothesized to be associated with psychophysiologic outcomes, including blood pressure and depressive symptoms. In this article, the cultural domain of family life in Brazil is used to illustrate both the concept and measurement of cultural consonance. It is associated with arterial blood pressure and depressive symptoms, controlling for covariates and other explanatory variables. This theoretical orientation can define more precisely the cultural in the biocultural. [source] Party politicisation of local councils: Cultural or institutional explanations for trends in Denmark, 1966,2005EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2010ULRIK KJAER Local government party systems are not necessarily copies of the national party system. In many countries, local party systems have come to resemble the national one more and more , a process Rokkan termed ,party politicisation'. The traditional expectation has been that the take-over of local politics by political parties, through a gradual process of societal modernisation, would eventually be complete. More recently, however, it has been suggested that reorganisations of the institutional set-up , that is, amalgamations of municipalities , could entail developments in the degree of local party system nationalisation. This article investigates cultural and institutional explanations for party politicisation by analysing the Danish case from 1966 to 2005 , a period that witnessed both major amalgamation reforms and periods of stability in the local government structure. The data suggest that dramatic party politicisation does not lend itself to cultural explanations, but originates exclusively from changes in the institutional set-up. Party politicisation is not a gradual process, but comes , at least in Denmark , in leaps coinciding with major reorganisations of the local government structure. [source] The First Appearance of Cattle in Denmark Occurred 6000 Years Ago: An Effect of Cultural or Climate and Environmental ChangesGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2006Nanna Noe-Nygaard Abstract Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from bones of contemporaneous Late Atlantic aurochs and early cattle in eastern Denmark are significantly different and provide information on the origin and feeding strategies of the earliest domestic cattle. The data show that the early cattle were feeding on grass right from the beginning 4000 cal. yr BC. In contrast, the youngest aurochs population primarily browsed and grazed from the dense forest floor resulting in rather negative ,13C values measured on bone collagen. The oldest aurochs have similar isotope values to the earlier cattle, whereas the youngest aurochs have similar values to Late Atlantic red deer from the same locality. As eastern Denmark was largely covered by forest, speculations on the origin of the grazing areas are many. The grass may have grown in openings in the forest, at the forest fringe, or more likely on the newly reclaimed coastal land areas exposed by the decreasing rate of eustatic sea-level rise contemporaneously with isostatic uplift, during the Littorina transgressions. The stable isotope values do not indicate that leaf foddering of the early cattle was of importance. [source] Universal ideals and particular constraints of social citizenship: the Chinese experience of unifying rights and responsibilitiesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 2 2004Chack Kie Wong This study looks at the perceptions of citizens in a modern Chinese society and explores whether social rights and responsibilities are unified at both ideal and practice levels. It finds that the conception that the Chinese have a weak image of social rights is no longer true. The Chinese are generally ,right-deficit' at the practice level. It is also found that there are wide gaps between ideal rights and practice rights, and between ideal responsibilities and practice responsibilities, except in components affected by cultural, contextual and institutional factors. The findings suggest that, for a full understanding of social citizenship, it is necessary to look at both ideal and practice levels of social citizenship. Cultural, contextual and institutional factors are identified as moderating people's behaviour and preferences in regard to social citizenship. [source] Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire: confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis with Turkish samplesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 3 2009Mehmet Z. Firat Abstract Title.,Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire: confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis with Turkish samples. Aim., This study is a report of an investigation of the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. Background., Cultural, social and family environments influence women's beliefs about and attitudes towards menstruation. Awareness of these beliefs and/or attitudes and their cultural origins is necessary to understand women and their reactions to menstruation when offering health care. Although the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire has been used in several studies, the psychometric properties of the Turkish version have not been investigated. Methods., Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out with two different samples , high school (n = 650) and undergraduate university students (n = 569) , in Turkey in the spring semester of 2006. Exploratory factor analyses were then used to modify the factor structure. Results., Confirmatory factor analysis did not confirm the factor model reported in the United States of America. However, compared with British and Indian samples, Turkish attitudes showed better fit than both British and Indian samples with comparative fit index values of 0·776 and 0·797 for the high school and university samples respectively. Finally, exploratory factor analysis yielded a 28-item measure for the high school sample and 31-item measure for the university sample, with a 5-factor solution. Reliability estimates of both scales were satisfactory, being 0·73 for the high school and 0·79 for the university sample. Conclusion., The modified 5-factor Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire could be a useful tool for assessing menstrual attitudes among Turkish high school and university students. The overall score permits comparison with results from earlier studies using the original instrument. [source] The relationship between busyness and research utilization: it is about timeJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 4 2008David S Thompson MN Aims and objectives., To explore the concept of busyness in nursing and to understand the relationship between busyness and nurses' research utilization better. Background., Lack of time and busyness are consistently reported as barriers to research utilization. Current literature fails to identify the dimensions of busyness and offers little insight into the relationship between busyness and nurses' research utilization. Design/Methods., We performed a secondary analysis of qualitative data and created a conceptual map of busyness in nursing. Results., Our results suggested that busyness consists of physical and psychological dimensions. Interpersonal and environmental factors influenced both dimensions. Cultural and intrapersonal factors contributed to psychological elements. The effects of busyness reported included missed opportunities, compromised safety, emotional and physical strain, sacrifice of personal time, incomplete nursing care and the inability to find or use resources. Conclusions., Our beginning description of busyness contributes to a greater understanding of the relationship between busyness and research utilization. Our findings suggest that lack of time as a barrier to research utilization is more complex than depicted in the literature. Instead, the mental time and energy required to navigate complex environments and a culture of busyness more accurately reflect what may be meant by ,lack of time' as a barrier to research utilization. Relevance to clinical practice., Future interventions aimed at increasing research utilization may be more effective if they focus on factors that contribute to a culture of busyness in nursing and address the mental time and energy required for nurses to use research in practice. [source] Cultural and practical barriers to seeking mental health treatment for Chinese AmericansJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Winnie W. KungArticle first published online: 11 DEC 200 Based on a sample of 1747 from the Chinese American Psychiatric Epidemiological Study, this report examined perceived barriers to mental health treatment. Two factors emerged, namely practical barriers, which included cost of treatment, time, knowledge of access, and language, and cultural barriers consisting of credibility of treatment, recognition of need, and fear of loss of face. Average ratings of all practical barrier items were higher than cultural barrier items, demonstrating the importance of pragmatic considerations for this population. In a novel attempt, this study examined the empirical link between these perceived barriers and actual mental health service use. The practical barrier factor showed significance in predicting service use for both the whole sample and a subsample of individuals with at least one lifetime mental disorder. Cultural barriers, however, did not attain significance. Practice and research implications of the findings are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 27,43, 2004. [source] Cultural and spiritual coping in sobriety: Informing substance abuse prevention for Alaska Native communitiesJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2001Kelly L. Hazel Culture and spirituality have been conceptualized as both protecting people from addiction and assisting in the recovery process. A collaborative study, utilizing focus group and survey methods, defined and examined cultural and spiritual coping in sobriety among a select sample of Alaska Natives. Results suggest that the Alaska Native worldview incorporates a circular synthesis and balance of physical, cognitive, emotional, and spiritual processes within a protective layer of family and communal/cultural beliefs and practices embedded within the larger environment. Cultural-spiritual coping in sobriety is a process of appraisal, change, and connection that leads the person toward achieving an overarching construct: a sense of coherence. Cultural and spiritual processes provide important areas for understanding the sobriety process as well as keys to the prevention of alcohol abuse and addiction. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Cultural and sex differences in aggression: A comparison between Japanese and Spanish students using two different inventoriesAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 4 2001J. Martin Ramirez Abstract Two self-report inventories developed to assess different dimensions of aggression, the Aggression Questionnaire and the EXPAGG, were administered to a sample (N = 400) of men and women undergraduates in two Japanese and Spanish universities. The factor structure of scales was assessed using exploratory factor analysis. Both questionnaires showed high correlations between their respective scales. In both cultures, males reported more physical aggression, verbal aggression, and hostility as well as higher instrumental beliefs, whereas females reported more expressive representation than males. Japanese students reported more physical aggression than their Spanish counterparts, who reported more verbal aggression, hostility, and anger and more expressive representation of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 27:313,322, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Embedded Nature of Rural Legal Services: Sustaining Service Provision in WalesJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 2 2007Alex Franklin There is a considerable amount of literature on embeddedness as part of sociological theory of economic action. Cultural and structural embeddedness often work together to shape the framework of economic relations, but, in an analysis of rural solicitors, we find unevenness between cultural and structural embeddedness. There are strong traits of the former, through a sense of place and belonging, but much less evidence of the latter with the structural relationships appearing relatively weak and underdeveloped. In a discussion supported by empirical data from a recent survey of rural legal practices in Wales, a number of causes are identified. The paper concludes that trends towards increasingly specialized rather than generalized legal service provision, set alongside the increasingly differentiated nature of rural space, suggest that the longer-term sustainability of rural legal practices may require both greater investment at the level of structural embeddedness alongside continuing reinvestment at the cultural level. [source] Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: Cultural and Natural Resources in a Postindustrial Age edited by Joseph L. Scarpaci and Kevin J. PatrickJOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2008Joy K. Adams No abstract is available for this article. [source] Legal Weapons for the Weak?LAW & SOCIAL INQUIRY, Issue 4 2001Democratizing the Force of Words in an Uncivil Society First Amendment absolutists and proponents of speech regulation are locked in a normative stalemate over the best way to diminish racial "hate speech." I argue that this stalemate can be overcome by considering a more expansive theory of the "force of words" and the risks the right of free speech entails for individuals. Drawing on a cultural theory of symbolic power, I discuss the merits and limitations of two recent texts which redefine hate speech as discriminatory conduct. As an alternative to this strategy, I develop an analytical framework for describing the social risks the right of free speech entails, and propose juridical and deliberative-democratic remedies that might redistribute and attenuate these risks. Cultural and legal theory can find common ground in the analysis of the undemocratic effects of symbolic power. Such common ground can be achieved if legal theorists consider the force of words as a problem for democracy and if cultural theorists consider the resources provided by democratic institutions and practices for the redistribution of the social risks of speech [source] Cultural and Personality Determinants of Leniency in Self-Rating among Chinese PeopleMANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW, Issue 2 2006Jia Lin Xie abstract This study examines how cultural values (i.e., individualism and collectivism) and personality (i.e., self-perceived superiority and exhibitionism) jointly affect self-rating among Chinese respondents from mainland China (N=161), Hong Kong (N=350), and Taiwan (N=398). The results demonstrated that respondents with a more individualistic cultural orientation exhibit greater leniency in self-rating than those with a more collectivistic cultural orientation. Furthermore, self-perceived superiority and exhibitionism are related to high self-ratings among individuals who expressed low individualism values, but not among individuals who expressed high individualism or collectivism values. The results suggest that self-rating research needs to take both the individual's cultural values and personality traits into account. [source] Exploring the concept of respect among Turkish and Puerto Rican migrant mothersNEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, Issue 114 2006Robin L. Harwood The cultural patterning of respect is examined in two first- and second-generation migrant groups: Puerto Rican mothers in Connecticut and Turkish mothers in Bochum, Germany. Cultural and generational influences were found for three aspects of respect: proper interpersonal behavior, relations within the family, and esteem within the community. [source] Respect in southeast asian American children and adolescents: Cultural and contextual influencesNEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, Issue 114 2006Carl L. Bankston III There are similarities and differences in the concept of respect as it develops in American children and adolescents whose families came from Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and the Philippines. In addition, respect has different effects on adjustment, relationships, and achievement at home and at school, depending on whether cultural groups were primarily refugees or immigrants. [source] The Rigidity and Comfort of Habits: A Cultural and Philosophical Analysis of the Ups and Downs of Mainstreaming EvaluationNEW DIRECTIONS FOR EVALUATION, Issue 99 2003Nancy Grudens-Schuck Mainstreaming evaluation requires establishing aesthetic and ethical frameworks, as well as developing knowledge and skills that make "doing evaluation" seem like the right thing. Mainstreaming, however, can pose challenges to good evaluation practice; a view from cultural anthropology suggests that evaluation can have distinct meanings in different settings. Stories from program evaluation research in Indonesia illustrate the ways comforts and rigidities associated with mainstreamed evaluation processes may hinder high-quality evaluation. [source] The Art of PrescribingPERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 2 2006Antidepressants in Late-Life Depression: Prescribing Principles QUESTION. , Ms. Antai-Otong, I am a psychiatric nurse practitioner currently employed in a large primary care clinic. My greatest challenge with older adults suspected of being depressed is their hesitancy to admit they are depressed or unwillingness to take antidepressants. I have started some of these patients on antidepressants and had mixed results. Please provide some guidelines for treating depression in older adults with coexisting medical conditions. ANSWER., Depression is a common companion of chronic medical illnesses and frequently goes unrecognized and untreated, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Depression is unrecognized and underdiagnosed in approximately 16% of older patients seen in primary care settings (Unutzer, 2002). Typically, older adults deny being depressed, minimize symptom severity, fail to recognize common subjective experiences, such as anhedonia, fatigue, and concentration difficulties associated with this disorder, and hesitate to accept their illness due to social stigma and effects of stoicism. Cultural and generational influences also impact how older adults perceive mental health services. Due to the growing number of individuals 65 and older with coexisting medical and psychiatric conditions, particularly depression, seeking health care in vast practice settings, advanced practice psychiatric nurses must collaborate with primary care providers and develop holistic care that addresses coexisting chronic medical and psychiatric conditions. [source] Cultural versus reproductive success: Why does economic development bring new tradeoffs?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Lesley Newson Achievements that attract social rewards in developed countries, such as educational qualifications, a prestigious career, and the ability to acquire prestige goods, interfere with a woman's ability to achieve reproductive success. This tradeoff between cultural and reproductive success may have developed because economic development creates an evolutionarily novel social environment. In the social environment of developed countries, a far smaller proportion of social exchange is between kin than in the small-scale communities in which the human brain and behavior evolved. Evidence suggests that social interaction between non-kin is less likely to encourage behavior that enhances inclusive fitness. A model of the cultural change that is likely to result from this change in social influence suggests that beliefs and values will become increasingly less consistent with the pursuit of fitness (Newson et al. [2007]: Evol Hum Behav 28: 199,210). Responses to the World Value Survey, which has been carried out in over 70 countries, confirm a number of the predictions of this model. In countries where fertility began to decline more recently, people appear to perceive the costs of having children to be lower relative to the cost of childlessness and the benefits of being a parent. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Phylogenetic relationships and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum acutatum isolates from grape in subtropical AustraliaPLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2007M. A. Whitelaw-Weckert The identity of Colletotrichum acutatum as the causal pathogen of grape ripe-rot, which causes yield loss and a bitter taint that lowers wine quality in Australian subtropical wine-grape regions, was confirmed using species-specific primers. Cultural, morphological and molecular methods (RAPD-PCR and sequencing of parts of the 5·8S-ITS regions and the ,-tubulin-2 gene) were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of Australian C. acutatum isolates from wine grapes and other horticultural crops. A combination of RAPD-PCR and ,-tubulin-2 gene data showed that all wine-grape ripe-rot isolates from northern regions of New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland belong to a proposed new C. acutatum group (A9), together with isolates from Australian strawberry, mango, blueberry and olive. The 5·8S-ITS sequences for these grape pathogens were identical to published sequences for an isolate from Cyclamen (the Netherlands) and differed by 1 bp from isolates from Capsicum (Taiwan) and orange (Costa Rica). The grape ripe-rot isolates from the Shoalhaven Valley (southern NSW) were clustered within two other C. acutatum groups: A2 and A5. In vitro infection studies showed that Australian C. acutatum isolates from almond, blueberry, chilli, grape, mango, olive, strawberry and tomato were able to infect grape and could also infect blueberry and strawberry, indicating a lack of host specificity. This lack of host specificity, the genetic similarity with non-grape isolates, and the fact that many of the non-grape hosts were isolated from wine-growing regions, suggest the potential for cross-infection between grape and other horticultural crops. [source] Cultural and Socioeconomic Influences on Divorce During Modernization: Southeast Asia, 1940s to 1960sPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2003Charles Hirschman The conventional model of a rising divorce rate during the process of modernization is a staple element of the sociological theory of the family. This generalization is challenged, however, by traditional high-divorce societies, primarily in Islamic Southeast Asia, which have experienced a decline in divorce with modernization. In this study, based on micro-level survey data, the authors explore the social roots of marital disruption in Indonesia and Malaysia and in another Southeast Asian society, Thailand, which has not been identified as a high-divorce society. Comparable survey data from the 1970s (from the World Fertility Survey) allow for an in-depth analysis of traditional patterns of divorce before the rapid modernization of recent decades. Two major findings emerge from the multivariate analysis. First, there is a common pattern across all three societies of higher levels of divorce among "traditional" women,those who live in rural areas, marry at young ages, and have lower levels of education. Second, the authors find significant sociocultural (ethnic, regional, religious) differentials in divorce within each country that cannot be explained by demographic and socioeconomic composition. They present an interpretation of how moderately high levels of divorce were accommodated in traditional Southeast Asian societies. [source] Cultural and socio-economic influences on the health care of my patientsTHE CLINICAL TEACHER, Issue 4 2007Anand Shah B.S. First page of article [source] Diversity and Equality: Three Approaches to Cultural and Sexual DifferenceTHE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2003Avigail Eisenberg First page of article [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH: Prevalence and Evaluation of Sexual Health Problems,HSDD in EuropeTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2007Alessandra Graziottin MD ABSTRACT Introduction., The complex condition of the menopause is experienced by all women going through the physical and emotional changes associated with ovarian sexual hormones loss. It may impact directly on their physical and mental health. Aim., The complexity of this condition makes it necessary to accumulate large bodies of data to define the patterns and trends in its evaluable manifestations. To this end, large amounts of data were collected on women from France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, via the Women's International Survey on Health and Sexuality. Main Outcome Measures., The key measures within the survey were the Profile of Female of Sexual Function© (PFSF©) and the Personal Distress Scale© (PDS©). Results., The survey yielded 2,467 responders aged between 20 and 70, capturing women with surgical and natural menopausal status and those with premenopausal status. In the four EU countries studied, sexual activity decreases by age. An increase in female sexual dysfunction (FSD), particularly loss of sexual desire, is directly correlated with increasing age. However, the distress associated with loss of sexual desire is inversely correlated with age. Cultural and context-dependent factors modulate the percentage of any FSD in the different European countries. This is exemplified in the significant intercountry variation observed in the percentage of low desire in women aged 20,49, with normal ovarian function. However, when women undergo surgical menopause, with concomitant loss of their sexual hormones, the culture-related differences are blunted. Conclusions., The findings of this survey have implications for the understanding of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), not only the way it should be assessed in clinical practice, but also the most appropriate means for its treatment. Testosterone deficiency is a significant cause of HSDD, and new therapies have been investigated which offer considerable potential to address this hormonal etiology. Graziottin A. Prevalence and evaluation of sexual health problems,HSDD in Europe. J Sex Med 2007;4(suppl 3):211,219. [source] Reexamining the Promise of Parent Participation in Special Education: An Analysis of Cultural and Social CapitalANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2010Audrey A. TrainorArticle first published online: 15 SEP 2010 Highly regulated parent participation in special education requires both parents and teachers to use cultural and social capital relative to education legislation, disability, and parenting. Examined through a Bourdieuian analytical lens, data from focus groups and individual interviews with families provide examples of the salience of disability in the acquisition and use of cultural and social capital in educational contexts, serving to both reify dominance and support individual agency.,[special education, Bourdieu, cultural capital, disability] [source] Variation in Instructional Discourse Features: Cultural or Linguistic?ANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2003Evidence from Inuit, Non-Inuit Teachers of Nunavik This article examines discourse features in the instructional interactions of eight Inuit and six non-lnuit teachers of Inuit children in northern Québec. Significant differences existed between these two groups of teachers in their use of Initiation-Response-Evaluation (IRE) routines, nomination format, and teacher response to student initiations. The research distinguishes cultural factors from factors related to second language teaching. Findings suggest the cultural variability of discourse features that have significant ramifications for teacher judgments regarding students' academic and communicative competence. [source] Values of Children, Parent,Child Relationship, and Social Change in Korea: Indigenous, Cultural, and Psychological AnalysisAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Uichol Kim Les recherches sur les valeurs que les parents attribuent aux enfants se demandent pourquoi les gens décident ou non d'avoir des enfants et s'intéressent au nombre d'enfants qu'ils choisissent d'avoir. On décrit dans la première partie de cet article la relation parents-enfants traditionnelle, la structure familiale et les changements sociaux qui se sont produits ces cinquante dernières années en Corée du sud. On présente dans la deuxième partie les résultats de l'étude de 1972 sur les valeurs attribuées aux enfants réalisée en Corée du sud (Lee & Kim, 1975). Dans la dernière partie, on expose une recherche empirique sud-coréenne portant sur un échantillon de 314 jeunes mères et 395 mères plus âgées. Il apparaît que les bénéfices psychologiques sont les raisons majeures qui justifient le choix d'avoir un enfant et que les contraintes personnelles et financières sont les motifs dominants de ne pas en avoir. Ces résultats mettent en défaut les modèles économiques et utilitaires et soulignent l'importance des facteurs psychologiques, relationnels et culturels. Research on parents' attribution of value to children examines why people decide to have children or not and the number of children they choose to have. In the first part of this paper, the traditional parent,child relationship, family structure, and social changes that have occurred in South Korea during the past 50 years are reviewed. In the second section, the results of the 1972 Values of Children Study conducted in South Korea (Lee & Kim, 1975) are reviewed. In the final section, an empirical study conducted in South Korea with a sample of 314 young mothers and 395 older mothers is reported. The results indicate that psychological benefits are the most important reasons for having a child and personal and financial constraints are the most important reasons for not having a child. These results challenge the economic and utilitarian models and suggest the importance of understanding the psychological, relational, and cultural factors. 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