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Cultivated Populations (cultivated + population)
Selected AbstractsVolatile constituents of the cold desert plant Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. ,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005U. Mahmood Abstract The essential oil of Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. (Lamiaceae) from wild and cultivated plants was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC,MS techniques. Twelve constituents, accounting for 96.8% of the total oil from wild plants, and nineteen constituents, accounting for 99.9% of the total oil from cultivated plants, were identified. Citronellol was identified as one of the major constituents, attaining 74.9% in the wild and 54.3% in the cultivated population, respectively. This plant was found to be a new source of citronellol and rose oxides, which are mostly used in the essential oil and perfumery industry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Genetic variability revealed with microsatellite markers in an introduced population of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai InoAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009S Marchant Abstract One of the challenges for the culture of any species is to control the loss of genetic variability, which may result in a decrease in the quality of commercially important traits. The goal of this study is to assess the genetic diversity of a hatchery population of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) from the Center for Abalone Production of the Universidad Católica del Norte (CAP-UCN) that is maintained under a breeding programme. We used six polymorphic microsatellite markers within the cultivated population. The loci Awb033 and Awb079 had the highest number of alleles (11 and 10 respectively) and the loci Awb022 and Awb026 the lowest (two and four respectively). The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.83. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.71 and 0.70, respectively, and the average FIS (f) index was ,0.023. We compared the population genetic parameters of the CAP-UCN population with previously published data of wild and hatchery populations of the same species. Results indicate lower genetic diversity estimated as allelic richness in the introduced population with a loss of 11,58% alleles per locus. Despite the high allelic loss, the estimated inbreeding coefficient suggests that the breeding programme carried out in the CAP-UCN has controlled and maintained heterozygosity levels successfully. A temporal study is necessary to determine whether the genetic diversity loss detected was caused during the initial introduction of breeders or to the breeding programme actually implemented. [source] Genetic Diversity and Tests of the Hybrid Origin of the Endangered Yellow LarkspurCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Jason A. Koontz The total number of individuals in these two populations is estimated to be <100. We used allozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) markers to (1) assess levels and patterns of genetic diversity in one wild population and two cultivated populations and (2) test the hypothesis that D. luteum is of hybrid origin between D. decorum and D. nudicaule. These data will be used to aid in developing a management plan to conserve the species. The wild population maintains high levels of genetic diversity. Genetic data indicate that both cultivated populations, especially the north Sonoma population, have several allozymes and RAPD markers not found in the wild population and could be used to establish new populations of D. luteum or to enhance the diversity and size of the wild population. The allozyme data did not reveal any fixed differences between D. decorum and D. nudicaule, although allele frequencies of the putative parental populations differed. At these loci, D. luteum resembled D. nudicaule more than D. decorum . Many unique RAPD markers distinguish each of the three species. The diagnostic markers from populations of D. nudicaule and D. decorum were not additive in the putative hybrid, and these data indicate that D. luteum is not of recent hybrid origin. Conservation of the yellow larkspur should include strategies that use the cultivated populations of D. luteum, but hybridizing D. decorum and D. nudicaule to "recreate"D. luteum is not recommended. Resumen:Delphidium luteum ( Ranunculaceae), un delfinio en peligro de extinción, está restringido a dos poblaciones silvestres cerca de Bodega Bay, California. Se estima que el total de individuos en estas dos poblaciones es de <100. Utilizamos marcadores de alozimas y RAPD para (1) evaluar los niveles y patrones de diversidad genética en una población silvestre y dos poblaciones cultivadas y (2) probar la hipótesis de que D. luteum es de origen híbrido entre D. decorum y D. nudicaule. Estos datos serán utilizados para ayudar a desarrollar un plan de manejo para conservar la especie. La población silvestre mantiene altos niveles de diversidad genética. Los datos genéticos indican que ambas poblaciones cultivadas, especialmente en la población de Sonoma norte, tienen varias alozimas y marcadores RAPD que no se encuentran en poblaciones silvestres y podrían utilizarse para establecer nuevas poblaciones de D. luteum o reforzar la diversidad y tamaño de la población silvestre. Los datos de alozimas no revelaron diferencias fijas entre D. decorum y D. nudicaule, aunque las frecuencias alélicas de las poblaciones parentales putativas fueron diferentes. En estos loci, D. luteum fue más semejante a D. nudicaule que a D. decorum. Muchos marcadores RADP únicos distinguen a cada una de las tres especies. Los marcadores diagnóstico de poblaciones de D. decorum y D. nudicaule no fueron aditivos en el híbrido putativo, y estos datos indican que D. luteum no es de origen híbrido reciente. La conservación del delfinio amarillo debería incluir estrategias que usen las poblaciones cultivadas de D. luteum; sin embargo, no se recomienda la hibridación de D. decorum y D. nudicaule para "recrear" a D. luteum. [source] How mitochondrial DNA diversity can help to understand the dynamics of wild-cultivated complexes.MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 12 2001The case of Medicago sativa in Spain Abstract In order to clarify the relationships (genetic exchange and shared ancestry) between natural and cultivated populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Spain, we investigated the patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation (characterized through restriction fragment length polymorphism) for 248 individuals in seven natural and six cultivated populations of this species. Mitochondrial variation was evidenced in both natural and cultivated populations of M. sativa. Among the seven mitotypes idengified in the species, two were specific of the natural populations, a result attesting the fact that the Spanish wild form of M. sativa is an original genetic pool compared to the cultivated one. Other mitotypes were observed in both natural and cultivated populations, suggesting the occurrence of gene flow through seeds from cultivated towards natural populations. Comparisons with previously gathered nuclear and phenotypic data give insights into the different evolutionary forces acting on the different kinds of Spanish natural populations examined so far. [source] Comparative analysis of the chemical profile of wild and cultivated populations of Corydalis saxicola by high-performance liquid chromatographyPHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 5 2007Hui-liang Li Abstract Studies on the simultaneous determination and chemical fingerprinting of alkaloids in Corydalis saxicola Bunting. (Yanhuanglian) were performed for authentication purposes. Ninety samples prepared from different parts of C. saxicola, including whole plants, roots, stems, leaves and flowers, from wild and cultivated populations, were submitted to quantitative determination and fingerprint analysis. Five major alkaloids, namely, tetradehydroscoulerine, dehydroapocavidine, dehydroisoapocavidine, coptisine and dehydrocavidine, were quantitatively analysed by reversed-phase HPLC with acceptable recoveries (>98.2%). Chemical fingerprinting of C. saxicola was established and involved 11 markers. The results indicated that there were no obvious differences between the chemical profiles of wild and of cultivated C. saxicola populations, and that the mean alkaloid contents of the five marker compounds in cultivated populations were significantly higher than those of the wild plants. The highest content of total alkaloids (up to 28.8 mg/g) was found in roots of C. saxicola. The total alkaloids of the leaves were approximately 50% of those of roots, suggesting that the leaves may be employed as an alternative source of alkaloids. Chemical fingerprints and quantitative HPLC analysis will have a positive impact on the conservation and cultivation of this medicinal plant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Use of RAPD and microsatellite (SSR) variation to assess genetic relationships among populations of tetraploid alfalfa, Medicago sativaPLANT BREEDING, Issue 4 2000A. Mengoni Abstract The level of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite variation present in four ecotypes and two varieties of alfalfa (lucerne) from Italian and Egyptian germplasm sources was evaluated. A sample of 100 plants from 10 populations was analysed by means of 41 RAPD markers and 37 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Both molecular approaches revealed a high degree of genetic diversity within each of the cultivated populations and enabled each of the plants considered to be uniquely fingerprinted. The genetic relationships among plants and populations were analysed by computing AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) and FST analyses. RAPDs were able to separate the Italian populations from the Egyptian variety. SSRs allowed strong separation of the four Italian alfalfa ecotypes. It was concluded that RAPD and microsatellites could be useful and powerful tools for assessing genetic variation and genetic relationships in tetraploid alfalfa. [source] | |||||||||||||