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Cumulative Prevalence (cumulative + prevalence)
Selected AbstractsAdult versus adolescent onset of smoking: how are mood disorders and other risk factors involved?ADDICTION, Issue 8 2009Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross ABSTRACT Aims To examine the strength of association between smoking and mood disorders and the association between smoking and its traditional risk factors, comparing those who started smoking in adolescence with those who started smoking in early adulthood. Design and participants The analyses relied on prospective data from the Zurich Study. This longitudinal community study started in 1979 with a stratified sample of 591 participants aged 20/21 years, weighted towards those with mental disorders. Follow-up interviews were conducted at ages 23, 28, 30, 35 and 41. Measurements In this analysis the adult versus adolescent onset of smoking was regressed on the cumulative prevalence of mood disorders, personality characteristics measured by the Freiburg Personality Inventory, common risk factors such as parental smoking, conduct and school problems, troubles with the family and basic socio-demographic variables (sex, education). Findings In the Zurich Study cohort we found that 61.6% were former or current smokers, of whom 87% started smoking before the age of 20 and 13% after the age of 20. Adolescent onset of smoking was associated strongly with later major depression, dysthymia or bipolar disorders and, furthermore, with parental smoking, extroverted personality and discipline problems and rebelliousness in youth. However, only depression and dysthymia were associated with adult onset smoking and other risk factors associated with smoking were not so associated in this group. Conclusions Correlates of smoking onset in adolescence are mainly not applicable to the onset of smoking in young adulthood. Smoking onset beyond adolescence is an open research issue. [source] Experiences of pregnancy-related body shape changes and of breast-feeding in women with a history of eating disordersEUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2003Gunilla Larsson Abstract In spite of the growing problems of eating disorders in society, no publications have reported the cumulative prevalence of eating disorders among childbearing women. The condition may constitute a risk during pregnancy and the childbirth period. This study examined the frequency of self-reported eating disorder histories in women who had been delivered 3,7 months earlier as well as their experiences of body shape changes and breast feeding and the length of the breast-feeding periods. Five hundred and sixteen women were invited to participate, of whom 454 responded to a questionnaire (88 per cent). A history of an eating disorder was reported by 11.5 per cent of the respondents, with a predominance of younger women. Significantly fewer women among those reporting an eating disorder breast-fed their 3-month-old baby. However, no difference was seen regarding feelings related to the transformed body shape. Almost all women described such feelings as positive. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] A comparison of GMS-A/AGECAT, DSM-III-R for dementia and depression, including subthreshold depression (SD),results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 2 2003R. T. Schaub Abstract Background Empirical evaluation of the agreement between different diagnostic approaches is crucial for the understanding of epidemiological results in geriatric psychiatry. Objectives In this paper, we analyse differences between widely used diagnostic approaches of dementia and depression and offer evidence that diagnostic thresholds vary substantially on quantitative dimensions, but that conceptual and other differences between approaches must also been taken into account. Methods In an epidemiological study of n,=,516 persons, aged 70,103 years, we compared psychiatric diagnoses of dementia and depression obtained by GMS-A/HAS-AGECAT, DSM-III-R and clinician's diagnoses of subthreshold depression (SD). Results For depression, cumulative prevalence of clinician's diagnosis (including SD, GMS-A/HAS-AGECAT and DSM-III-R defined forms) was highest, followed by GMS-A/HAS-AGECAT-diagnosis and DSM-III-R, while for dementia DSM-III-R was followed by GMS-A/HAS-AGECAT. Overall agreement between DSM-III-R and GMS-A/HAS-AGECAT was moderate. Adapting thresholds for AGECAT resulted in slightly better diagnostic efficiency. Diagnostic disagreement was found predominantly for cases with intermediate symptom severity, supporting the hypothesis of differing thresholds between DSM-III-R and GMS-A/HAS-AGECAT, while cases with lower or higher symptom severity were similarily seen as cases or non-cases. Conclusion Disagreement is not only caused by conceptual differences, but also different thresholds of diagnostic algorithms. Adaptation of threshold levels should be feasible, depending on the purpose of the analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Treatment principles of atopic dermatitisJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 1 2002K. Thestrup-Pedersen Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is today the most common, chronic inflammatory skin disease among children in developed countries. Its cumulative prevalence varies from 20% in northern Europe and the USA to approximately 5% in Mediterranean countries. As a chronic disease it puts a special demand on treatment. There is no curative therapy, but competent guidance on treatment principles can control the disease in most, if not all children. This article summarizes the evidence-based knowledge that relates to the treatment of atopic eczema. It also gives advice and opinions on prophylactic measures as these are the focus of interest from most parents. Learning objective This article should enable you to give advice and guidance to parents of children with AD, including what is necessary for diagnosis, what is of value and importance considering allergies and allergological investigations, allergen exposure, prophylactic measures, diets and indoor environment. Finally, you should be able to explain the diversity of treatment principles for parents. [source] Genome-Wide Association Study Confirms SNPs in SNCA and the MAPT Region as Common Risk Factors for Parkinson DiseaseANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 2 2010Todd L. Edwards Summary Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a cumulative prevalence of greater than one per thousand. To date three independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have investigated the genetic susceptibility to PD. These studies implicated several genes as PD risk loci with strong, but not genome-wide significant, associations. In this study, we combined data from two previously published GWAS of Caucasian subjects with our GWAS of 604 cases and 619 controls for a joint analysis with a combined sample size of 1752 cases and 1745 controls. SNPs in SNCA (rs2736990, p-value = 6.7 × 10,8; genome-wide adjusted p = 0.0109, odds ratio (OR) = 1.29 [95% CI: 1.17,1.42] G vs. A allele, population attributable risk percent (PAR%) = 12%) and the MAPT region (rs11012, p-value = 5.6 × 10,8; genome-wide adjusted p = 0.0079, OR = 0.70 [95% CI: 0.62,0.79] T vs. C allele, PAR%= 8%) were genome-wide significant. No other SNPs were genome-wide significant in this analysis. This study confirms that SNCA and the MAPT region are major genes whose common variants are influencing risk of PD. [source] | ||||||||||