Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Critique
Kinds of Critique Selected AbstractsPUNISHING THE POOR: A CRITIQUE OF MEANS-TESTED RETIREMENT BENEFITSECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2008Oskari Juurikkala Means-tested retirement benefits create strong disincentives to work and to save prior to retirement. This article outlines the structure of means-tested benefits in the UK and the USA, and reviews the theoretical and empirical evidence of their incentive effects. [source] SASSI: A REPLY TO THE CRITIQUE OF FELDSTEIN & MILLER (2007)ADDICTION, Issue 6 2007LINDA E. LAZOWSKI No abstract is available for this article. [source] MORAL AGENCY AND THE UNITY OF THE WORLD: THE NEO-CONFUCIAN CRITIQUE OF "VULGAR LEARNING"JOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 4 2006YOUNGMIN KIM [source] A (SELLARSIAN) KANTIAN CRITIQUE OF HUME'S THEORY OF CONCEPTSPACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2007DAVID LANDY This explanation includes a complicated attempted reduction of beliefs, or judgments, to single ideas. This paper attempts to demonstrate one of the inadequacies of this approach, and any of its kind (any attempted reduction of judgments to their constituent parts, single or multiple) via an argument concerning the logical forms of judgment found implicitly in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, and more explicitly in the works of Wilfrid Sellars. [source] PHENOMENOLOGY'S NEGATIVE DIALECTIC: ADORNO'S CRITIQUE OF HUSSERL'S EPISTEMOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONALISMPHILOSOPHICAL FORUM, Issue 1 2009JARED A. MILLER First page of article [source] THE FISCAL THEORY OF THE PRICE LEVEL: A CRITIQUE*THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 481 2002Willem H. Buiter This paper argues that the `fiscal theory of the price level' (FTPL) has feet of clay. The source of the problem is a fundamental economic misspecification. The FTPL confuses two key building blocks of a model of a market economy: budget constraints, which must be satisfied identically, and market clearing or equilibrium conditions. The FTPL asssumes that the government's intertemporal budget constraint needs to be satisfied only in equilibrium. This economic misspecification has far-reaching implications for the mathematical properties of the equilibria supported by models that impose the structure of the FTPL. It produces a rash of contradictions and anomalies. [source] ACKNOWLEDGING A HIDDEN GOD: A THEOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF STANLEY CAVELL ON SCEPTICISMTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007JUDITH E. TONNING In his early work, the philosopher Stanley Cavell offers a sustained engagement with the threat of epistemological scepticism, shaped by the intuition that although (as the late Wittgenstein shows) ordinary language use is the practice within which alone meaning is possible (and which can thus not be further analysed or rationalised), it is also a basic human inclination to wish to escape the limitations of the ,ordinary'. This, for Cavell, is the root of scepticism. Scepticism, on this view, thus appears not primarily as an epistemological but as an (injurious) moral stance, which cannot be refuted but must be continually confronted and overcome. Vis-à-vis scepticism, ,acknowledgement' is the practice-based recognition of the world and other people in their continuing elusiveness, which ineluctably involves risk, but just so is the only way of knowing that is appropriate to and honours the (finite) human condition. One problematic aspect of this (very fertile) approach is that Cavell's secular viewpoint makes it difficult for him to say both why the desire for a ,beyond' arises in the first place, and why its expression as denial is morally wrong (rather than merely misguided). His approach thus invites a theological ,supplementation' which grounds the human condition in an original and real relation to God that is meant to draw the believer, through Christ, into the divine life itself. Such a reinterpretation both elucidates the concepts of scepticism and acknowledgement, and makes these concepts available for a theological outlook that is able to accommodate Cavell's profound insights into ,the human'. [source] NEW NATURAL LAW THEORY AND FOUNDATIONAL SEXUAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES: A CRITIQUE AND A PROPOSALTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006TODD A. SALZMAN The New Natural Law Theory (NNLT) argues against the morality (and legality) of same sex-unions on the basis that homosexual (and non-reproductive heterosexual) acts are unnatural, unreasonable, and therefore immoral. In this paper, we explore and critique the foundational principles , biological and personal complementarity, their subcategories, and the interrelationship between them , that the NNLT uses to justify its claim. We propose alternative principles , orientation, personal, and genital-biological complementarity, with a distinct interrelationship , to argue that homosexual couples can engage in sexual acts that are natural, reasonable, and therefore moral. Our study clearly demonstrates that for the NNLT genital complementarity, a subcategory of biological complementarity, is the sine qua non for personal complementarity. In other words, personal complementarity within a sexual act is only possible if there is genital complementarity between male and female. We believe that the NNLT's foundational principles reflect too narrow an understanding of the human person and human sexuality. Instead, we propose "holistic complementarity" as the fully human integration of orientation, personal, and genital-biological complementarity. What defines a natural, reasonable, and moral sexual act is not genital complementarity as the foundational principle, but a dialectic between these three principles of complementarity. [source] UNDERSTANDING SIZE AND THE BOOK-TO-MARKET RATIO: AN EMPIRICAL EXPLORATION OF BERK'S CRITIQUETHE JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2005Xinting Fan Abstract Because they are scaled by price, the ability of size (i.e., the market capitalization of a firm) and the book-to-market equity ratio to determine expected returns may, according to Berk (1995), reflect only a simultaneity bias. The two-stage least squares approach is used to control for this bias and to investigate the economic meanings of these variables. We discover that size and the book-to-market ratio contain distinct and significant components of financial distress, growth options, the momentum effect, liquidity, and firm characteristics. Our findings support Berk in his contention that that size and the book-to-market ratio reflect a combination of different economic mechanisms that are misspecified in the expected return process. [source] A CRITIQUE OF THE INNOVATION ARGUMENT AGAINST A NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMBIOETHICS, Issue 6 2007ALEX RAJCZI ABSTRACT President Bush and his Council of Economic Advisors have claimed that the US shouldn't adopt a national health program because doing so would slow innovation in health care. Some have attacked this argument by challenging its moral claim that innovativeness is a good ground for choosing between health care systems. This reply is misguided. If we want to refute the argument from innovation, we have to undercut the premise that seems least controversial , the premise that our current system produces more innovation than a national health program would. I argue that this premise is false. The argument requires clarifying the concept ,national health program' and examining various theories of human well-being. [source] FURTHER CLEAR EXAMPLES OF THE NEED FOR MORE REASONABLE CONCLUSIONS AND CRITIQUES ABOUT PREVENTIONADDICTION, Issue 1 2009RICHARD SPOTH No abstract is available for this article. [source] Resurrecting the Rationality of Ideology Critique: Reflections on Laclau on IdeologyCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 1 2006Maeve Cooke First page of article [source] From Critical Social Theory to a Social Theory of Critique: On the Critique of Ideology after the Pragmatic TurnCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 1 2006Robin CelikatesArticle first published online: 8 MAR 200 First page of article [source] A Modern Critique of Modernism: Lukács, Greenberg, and IdeologyCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 2 2000Tom Huhn First page of article [source] Meditation as Medicine: A CritiqueCROSSCURRENTS, Issue 2 2010Wakoh Shannon Hickey First page of article [source] Pro-Poor Land Reform: A Critique by Saturnino M. Borras, Jr.DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 2 2009Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet No abstract is available for this article. [source] Decentralization and Democracy in Indonesia: A Critique of Neo-Institutionalist PerspectivesDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2004Vedi R. Hadiz This article assesses some of the major premises of neo-institutionalist explanations of decentralization policy and practices, but focuses especially on the relationship between decentralization and democracy, in the context of the recent and ongoing Indonesian experience with decentralization. In the last two decades ,decentralization' has become, along with ,civil society', ,social capital' and ,good governance', an integral part of the contemporary neo-institutionalist lexicon, especially that part which is intended to draw greater attention to ,social' development. The concern of this article is to demystify how, as a policy objective, decentralization has come to embody a barely acknowledged political, not just theoretical, agenda. It also suggests alternative ways of understanding why decentralization has often failed to achieve its stated aims in terms of promoting democracy, ,good governance', and the like. What is offered is an understanding of decentralization processes that more fully incorporates the factors of power, struggle and interests, which tend to be overlooked by neo-institutionalist perspectives. The current Indonesian experience clearly illustrates the way in which institutions can be hijacked by a wide range of interests that may sideline those that champion the worldview of ,technocratic rationality'. [source] Applied Economics and the Critical Realist CritiqueECONOMICA, Issue 290 2006PAUL LEWIS No abstract is available for this article. [source] Indeterminacy, A Priority, and Analyticity in the Quinean CritiqueEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2010Gurpreet Rattan These issues are highlighted in a puzzling mismatch between the common philosophical attitude toward the critique and its broader intellectual legacy. A discussion of this mismatch sets the larger context for criticism of a recent tradition of interpretation of the critique. I argue that this tradition confuses the roles and relative importance of indeterminacy, a priority, and analyticity in the Quinean critique. [source] Hegel's Critique of Pure Mechanism and the Philosophical Appeal of the Logic ProjectEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2004James Kreines First page of article [source] Classical German Philosophy and Cohen's Critique of RawlsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2003Julius Sensat First page of article [source] New Labour and the Modernisation of British Local Government: A CritiqueFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2001Arthur Midwinter The modernisation agenda for local government is based on questionable political assumptions. It has the attributes of a theological concept. This paper examines the concept of modernisation of local government by focusing on three dimensions (1) governance, (2) management and (3) finance. This analysis suggests the modernisation agenda is limited in scope and vision. [source] A Critique of Schopenhauer's MetaphysicGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 3 2006G.A. Wells Schopenhauer's metaphysic is not more credible than the systems of his contemporaries Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, all of whom he criticised so severely. But as his writings, unlike theirs, are so lucid, they illustrate very clearly the metaphysician's endeavour to reach knowledge that is immediate and indubitable, not mediated by the sense organs and the brain, as is knowledge of the external world. He argues that ,das Einzige wirklich und unbedingt Gegebene ist das Selbstbewußtsein', which alone can yield ,die letzten und wichtigsten Aufschlüsse über das Wesen der Dinge'. He himself was not religious, but this doctrine has appealed to theologians seeking a basis for their belief that is independent of external (historical) testimony. In this connection, Albert Schweitzer expressly urged a return to the German metaphysical tradition, in particular to Schopenhauer's view of the will as the transcendent reality at the basis of self-consciousness. The present article argues, in the British empirical tradition, that there is really no reason to distinguish self-consciousness and experiences attributable to will from other kinds of experience. The practical distinction is that the idea of self depends largely not on the sensations provided by readily observable senses such as sight and hearing, but on muscular, articular and visceral receptors which constitute a less accessible internal sensorium. [source] KOSELLECK, ARENDT, AND THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCEHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2010STEFAN-LUDWIG HOFFMANN ABSTRACT This essay is the first attempt to compare Reinhart Koselleck's Historik with Hannah Arendt's political anthropology and her critique of the modern concept of history. Koselleck is well-known for his work on conceptual history as well as for his theory of historical time(s). It is my contention that these different projects are bound together by Koselleck's Historik, that is, his theory of possible histories. This can be shown through an examination of his writings from Critique and Crisis to his final essays on historical anthropology, most of which have not yet been translated into English. Conversely, Arendt's political theory has in recent years been the subject of numerous interpretations that do not take into account her views about history. By comparing the anthropological categories found in Koselleck's Historik with Arendt's political anthropology, I identify similar intellectual lineages in them (Heidegger, Löwith, Schmitt) as well as shared political sentiments, in particular the anti-totalitarian impulse of the postwar era. More importantly, Koselleck's theory of the preconditions of possible histories and Arendt's theory of the preconditions of the political, I argue, transcend these lineages and sentiments by providing essential categories for the analysis of historical experience. [source] Finding Meaning in Memory: A Methodological Critique of Collective Memory StudiesHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2002Wolf Kansteiner The memory wave in the humanities has contributed to the impressive revival of cultural history, but the success of memory studies has not been accompanied by significant conceptual and methodological advances in the research of collective memory processes. Most studies on memory focus on the representation of specific events within particular chronological, geographical, and media settings without reflecting on the audiences of the representations in question. As a result, the wealth of new insights into past and present historical cultures cannot be linked conclusively to specific social collectives and their historical consciousness. This methodological problem is even enhanced by the metaphorical use of psychological and neurological terminology, which misrepresents the social dynamics of collective memory as an effect and extension of individual, autobiographical memory. Some of these shortcomings can be addressed through the extensive contextualization of specific strategies of representation, which links facts of representation with facts of reception. As a result, the history of collective memory would be recast as a complex process of cultural production and consumption that acknowledges the persistence of cultural traditions as well as the ingenuity of memory makers and the subversive interests of memory consumers. The negotiations among these three different historical agents create the rules of engagement in the competitive arena of memory politics, and the reconstruction of these negotiations helps us distinguish among the abundance of failed collective memory initiatives on the one hand and the few cases of successful collective memory construction on the other. For this purpose, collective memory studies should adopt the methods of communication and media studies, especially with regard to media reception, and continue to use a wide range of interpretive tools from traditional historiography to poststructural approaches. From the perspective of collective memory studies, these two traditions are closely related and mutually beneficial, rather than mutually exclusive, ways of analyzing historical cultures. [source] When Equality Justifies Women's Subjection: Luce Irigaray's Critique of Equality and the Fathers' Rights MovementHYPATIA, Issue 4 2008SERENE J. KHADER The "fathers' rights" movement represents policies that undermine women's reproductive autonomy as furthering the cause of gender equality. Khader argues that this movement exploits two general weaknesses of equality claims identified by Luce Irigaray. She shows that Irigaray criticizes equality claims for their appeal to a genderneutral universal subject and for their acceptance of our existing symbolic repertoire. This article examines how the plaintiffs' rhetoric in two contemporary "fathers' rights" court cases takes advantage of these weaknesses. [source] Standpoint Theory and the Possibility of Justice: A Lyotardian Critique of the Democratization of KnowledgeHYPATIA, Issue 4 2007MARGRET GREBOWICZArticle first published online: 9 JAN 200 Grebowicz argues from the perspective of Jean-François Lyotard's critique of deliberative democracy that the project of democratizing knowledge may bring us closer to terror than to justice. The successful formulation of a critical standpoint requires that we figure the political as itself a contested site, and incorporate this into our theorizing about the role of dissent in the production of knowledges. This essay contrasts Lyotard's notion of the differend with Chantal Mouffe's agonistic model. [source] Karl Barth on the Ascension: An Appreciation and CritiqueINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2000Douglas Farrow This exposition of Barth's doctrine of the ascension in Volume IV of the Church Dogmatics,,one of the major works of ascension theology', begins by highlighting some central themes in representative patristic and modern discussions of the ascension and then provides a close and critical reading of the Dogmatics. Of special interest are questions regarding Barth's understanding of the specificity of the Christ-event, the structure of his doctrine of reconciliation, the relation of ontology and soteriology, and the function of the doctrine of the ascension in a thoroughly a posteriori theology. [source] Non-Economic Factors in Economic Geography and in ,New Regionalism': A Sympathetic CritiqueINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006COSTIS HADJIMICHALIS In the current debate on local and regional development and after several ,turns', dominant critical models have found some security in institutional, cultural and evolutionary approaches. Interest today centres on success and competitiveness and how they are reproduced in a few paradigmatic regions. A distinctive feature of these regions and places is the embeddedness of certain non-economic factors such as social capital, trust and reciprocity based on familiarity, face-to-face exchange, cooperation, embedded routines, habits and norms, local conventions of communication and interaction, all of which contribute to a region's particular success. Although these approaches may not deny the forces of the capitalist space economy, they do not explicitly acknowledge them or take them on board and so they tend to discuss non-economic factors and institutions as autonomous forces shaping development. This essay provides a critique of these concepts based on their (1) inadequate theorization, (2) depoliticized view of politics and de-economized use of economics and (3) reduction of space to territory. The essay concludes that we need a far more penetrating renewal of radical critique of the current space economy of capitalism. Old concepts such as uneven development, the social and spatial division of labour, the geographical transfer of value, accumulation and imperialism must be combined with cultural and institutional issues, with those non-economic factors mentioned above. [source] Liberal-Idealism: A Constructivist Critique,INTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2007BRENT J. STEELE Recently, scholars have connected US constructivism to liberal-idealism. International relations theorists have branded US constructivists as "liberal theorists" for three notable reasons: (1) realists apply an "idealist" tag on constructivism so that it can efficiently be dismissed as a form of theoretical naïvete, (2) rational choice empiricists are motivated with amending constructivist assumptions to make them viable for quantitative analysis; and (3) certain constructivist scholars have attempted to build bridges with rationalist scholarship, especially on epistemological terms, and this "bridge-building" has opened a door for a liberal,constructivist synergy. This essay demonstrates how constructivism can, and must, be distinguished from liberalism. It uses the recent Iraq War to illustrate three constructivist critiques of an important liberal theory: democratic peace "theory." The three critiques are (1) ontological,liberal democratic peace researchers' focus on events leads to an incomplete understanding of processes, structures, and agency; (2) epistemological,unlike constructivism, liberal democratic peace research fails to acknowledge the contamination of subject and object or that state agents use theory to inform their actions; thus the traditionally positivist emphasis on outcomes instead of processes makes for faulty conclusions; and (3) normative,liberalism's radical celebration of the individual desocializes states thereby inhibiting, in structurationist terms, the reflexive monitoring of actions. The essay concludes with some general theoretical statements about democratic peace's future as a paradigm for research. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||