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Creation
Kinds of Creation Terms modified by Creation Selected AbstractsTHE CEO: A VISIBLE HAND IN WEALTH CREATION?JOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 3 2000C. K. Prahalad Commensurate with the growth of their pay packages and public visibility, the role of the CEO in the corporate value creation process has increased significantly in recent years. This article argues that sustained wealth creation in a corporation has three distinct elements. The first and most basic is the selection of the lines of business in which to operate; this element is probably the most visible manifestation of CEO action in large corporations today. The second element is the value creation model, which answers the question: How is this particular set of businesses expected to add value over and above the sum of the values of each business or asset category standing alone? The third element is the internal governance system, which establishes the corporate structure and administrative processes of the firm and, perhaps even more important, defines the corporate values that drive the strategic and operational priorities of the different business units. The authors suggest that the essence of the work of the CEO is to develop and maintain a balanced relationship among these three elements of wealth creation and to ensure that the relationship evolves in the face of changing circumstances. CEOs are inevitably faced with dilemmas in managing this process,in particular, the need to balance continuity and change and to maintain the integrity of short-term performance disciplines while encouraging not only investment in growth opportunities (which can hurt near term performance), but also experimentation and collaboration among business units (which are difficult to measure and reward with most performance measurement and incentive schemes). Adding to the difficulties of managing such dilemmas, visibility and a strong public image are often thrust upon (if not sought by) CEOs, who must then determine how they can use that image to strengthen the commitment of their employees and investors. [source] STRATEGY AND SHAREHOLDER VALUE CREATION: THE REAL OPTIONS FRONTIERJOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 2 2000Martha Amram The current interest in real options reflects the dramatic increase in the uncertainty of the business environment. Viewed narrowly, the real options approach is the extension of financial option pricing models to the valuation of options on real (that is, nonfinancial) assets. More broadly, the real options approach is a way of thinking that helps managers formulate their strategic options,the future opportunities that are created by today's investments,while considering their likely effect on shareholder value. But if the real options framework promises to link strategy more closely to shareholder value creation, there are some major challenges on the frontier of application. In the first part of this paper, the authors tackle the question, "What is really new about real options, and how does the approach differ from other wellestablished ways to make strategic decisions under uncertainty?" This article provides a specific definition of real options that relies on the ability to track marketpriced risk. Using examples from oil exploration and pharmaceutical drug development, the authors also show how specific features of the industry and the application itself determine the usefulness of the real options approach. The second part of the paper addresses the question: Given the many differences between real and financial options, how should a real options application be framed? The authors examine the use of real options in the valuation of Internet companies to demonstrate the required judgment and tradeoffs in the framing of real options applications. The case of Webvan, an online grocer, is used to illustrate the inter-action between strategy, execution, and valuation. [source] MIND AND ITS "CREATION" OF ALL PHENOMENA IN TIANTAI BUDDHISMJOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2010BROOK ZIPORYN First page of article [source] GOD's PRISONERS: PENAL CONFINEMENT AND THE CREATION OF PURGATORYMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2006ANDREW SKOTNICKI This essay explores two events that occurred in the thirteenth century: the decree normalizing the prison as the fundamental disciplinary apparatus in the first universal system of law (canon law) and the formal recognition by the Catholic Church of the existence of Purgatory. It will be suggested that this simultaneity was far from coincidental. The penal colony known as Purgatory reflected in nearly exact detail the contours of the earthly prison. Implications for modern theology will then be discussed. [source] CREATION OF MARINE RESERVES AND INCENTIVES FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONNATURAL RESOURCE MODELING, Issue 2 2010QUACH THI KHANH NGOC Abstract Despite a number of benefits, marine reserves provide neither incentives for fishermen to protect biodiversity nor compensation for financial loss due to the designation of the reserves. To obtain fishermen's support for marine reserves, some politicians have suggested that managers of new marine reserves should consider subsidizing or compensating those fishermen affected by the new operations. The objective of this paper is to apply principal,agent theory, which is still infrequently applied to fisheries, to define the optimal reserve area, fishing effort, and transfer payments in the context of symmetric and asymmetric information between managers and fishermen. The expected optimal reserve size under asymmetric information is smaller than that under symmetric information. Fishing efforts encouraged with a transfer payment are always less compared to those without payment. This reflects the fact that as the manager induces the fishermen to participate in the conservation program, the fishermen will take into account their effects on fish stock by decreasing their effort. Examples are also supplied to demonstrate these concepts. [source] DEMOCRATIZATION AND FINANCIAL REFORM IN TAIWAN: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF BAD-LOAN CREATIONTHE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 3 2002Yukihito SAT This study shows that many bad loans now burdening Taiwan's financial institutions are interrelated with the society's democratization which started in the late 1980s. Democratization made the local factions and business groups more independent from the Kuomintang government. They acquired more political influence than under the authoritarian regime. These changes induced them to manage their owned financial institutions more arbitrarily and to intervene more frequently in the state-affiliated financial institutions. Moreover they interfered in financial reform and compelled the government to allow many more new banks than it had originally planned. As a result the financial system became more competitive and the qualities of loans deteriorated. Some local factions and business groups exacerbated the situation by establishing banks in order to funnel funds to themselves, sometimes illegally. Thus many bad loans were created as the side effect of democratization. [source] THE DOCTRINE OF CREATIONTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008WILLIAM CHARLTON Synopsis: We are often told that the doctrine of creation has not been refuted by modern science, but we cannot judge whether that is true unless we know exactly what the doctrine is, and that is seldom explained. I first offer an interpretation of the doctrine, then defend this as an interpretation, and finally argue that we should use not scientific but forensic methods to decide whether the doctrine, so interpreted, is true. [source] BANKING MARKET STRUCTURE, CREATION AND ACTIVITY OF FIRMS: EARLY EVIDENCE FOR COOPERATIVES IN THE ITALIAN CASEANNALS OF PUBLIC AND COOPERATIVE ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2009Francesca Gagliardi ABSTRACT,:,This paper investigates whether local differences in banking competition impact on the creation and activity of firms, with a special focus on cooperatives. The empirical analysis, implemented on a sample of Italian firms, reveals non-monotonic effects of bank market power on firm creation and activity. In regard to the former, a bell-shaped relationship is found for both cooperative and non-cooperative firms, suggesting that a moderately concentrated banking market favours firms' creation. A less homogeneous pattern characterizes firms' activity: a bell-shaped parabola is still found for non-cooperative firms, while a U-shaped relationship emerges for cooperatives, showing that active coops benefit from relatively more intense banking competition. [source] Automatic Creation of Object Hierarchies for Radiosity ClusteringCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 4 2000Gordon Müller Using object clusters for hierarchical radiosity greatly improves the efficiency and thus usability of radiosity computations. By eliminating the quadratic starting phase very large scenes containing about 100k polygons can be handled efficiently. Although the main algorithm extends rather easily to using object clusters, the creation of ,good' object hierarchies is a difficult task both in terms of construction time and in the way how surfaces or objects are grouped to clusters. The quality of an object hierarchy for clustering depends on its ability to accurately simulate the hierarchy of the energy flow in a given scene. Additionally it should support visibility computations by providing efficient ray acceleration techniques. In this paper we will present a new approach of building hierarchies of object clusters. Our hybrid structuring algorithm provides accuracy and speed by combining a highly optimized bounding volume hierarchy together with uniform spatial subdivisions for nodes with regular object densities. The algorithm works without user intervention and is well suited for a wide variety of scenes. First results of using these hierarchies in a radiosity clustering environment are very promising and will be presented here. The combination of very deep hierarchies (we use a binary tree) together with an efficient ray acceleration structure shifts the computational effort away from form factor and visibility calculation towards accurately propagating the energy through the hierarchy. We will show how an efficient single pass gathering can be used to minimize traversal costs. [source] Rapid Human-Assisted Creation of Bounding Models for Obstacle Avoidance in ConstructionCOMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 1 2004J. McLaughlin A practical, interactive method for doing so is described here. The method: (1) exploits a human operator's ability to quickly recognize significant objects or clusters of objects in a scene, (2) exploits the operator's ability to acquire sparse range point clouds of the objects quickly, and then (3) renders models, such as planes, boxes, and generalized convex hulls, to be displayed graphically as visual feedback during equipment operation and/or for making proximity calculations in an obstacle detection system. Experiments were performed in which test subjects were asked to model objects of varying complexity and clutter. These models were then compared to control models using a ray-tracing algorithm to determine the operator's ability to create conservative models that are critical to construction operations. To demonstrate the applicability of the modeling method to obstacle avoidance, a scripted motion robot simulation was conducted using an artificial potential formulation that monitors position (closest point on manipulator link to nearest obstacle) as well as velocity (link inertia). Experimental results indicate that bounding models can be created rapidly and with sufficient accuracy for obstacle avoidance with the aid of human intelligence and that human-assisted modeling can be very beneficial for real-time construction equipment control. [source] Paul and the Creation of Christian Identity , By William S. CampbellCONVERSATIONS IN RELIGION & THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Susannah Ticciati First page of article [source] Collaborative Processes and Knowledge Creation in Communities-of-PracticeCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2002Karin Breu This paper challenges the view of employees' reluctance to share what they know, thus, attributing the ,stickiness' of knowledge to motivational factors. The study investigated informal mechanisms for knowledge sharing, taking a community-of-practice (CoP) perspective as a point of departure. A large-sized organisation in the utilities sector provided the context of the research. Existing CoP theory is advanced by surfacing the motivations for participation in CoPs, by eliciting the contributions informal, self-organising communities achieve in a commercial context and by documenting the process by which informal community activities become absorbed into the formal organisation. [source] Creation of calcite hollow microspheres with attached bundles of aragonite needlesCRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Hua Tang Abstract Novel calcite hollow microspheres attached with bundles of aragonite needles have been synthesized via a simple precipitation reaction of aqueous solutions of CaClB2B and NaB2BCOB3B in the presence of MgP2+P ions at room temperature. The experimental results revealed that an appropriate molar ratio of [MgP2+P]/[CaP2+P], pH value of the solution and aging time are crucial for the formation of the unusual hierarchical CaCOB3B superstructure. A possible growth mechanism is proposed. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Towards a More Rational IMF Quota Structure: Suggestions for the Creation of a New International Financial ArchitectureDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2000Raghbendra Jha The authors of this article argue that, in the absence of a well-founded quota formula, the very basis of the creation of the IMF as an institution at the centre of international financial arrangements was flawed; that there is no clear rationale for the determinants of quota structures and their weighting scheme; and that the quota allocation as an instrument seeks to target too many objectives. As a result, large and arbitrary cross-country variations exist in the relative impact of different determinants on the quota shares of different countries. The quota formulas therefore need to be reviewed and an alternative approach evolved, in which emphasis is placed on the size of the economy rather than its openness, along with efficiency parameters. The authors suggest some principles which might underpin redefined quota structures in support of a new financial architecture. They provide illustrative calculations using India as a case study, and trace the impact of the redefined quota structures against the backdrop of the impact of the Eleventh General Review on India's quota position. [source] The Immanent Divine: God, Creation, and the Human Predicament: An East-West Conversation,by John J. ThatamanilDIALOG, Issue 3 2009Paul E. Capetz First page of article [source] From Disaster to Sustainable Civil Society: The Kobe ExperienceDISASTERS, Issue 1 2004Rajib Shaw Nine years after the Kobe earthquake in Japan, social issues are still prominent, and the rehabilitation process is still ongoing. The earthquake caused two major changes in Japanese society: an increase in voluntary and non-government activities, and the enhancement of cooperation between local government and the residents' association. People's participation in the decision-making process was a significant achievement. To sustain the efforts generated after the earthquake, the Kobe Action Plan was formulated and tested in different disaster scenarios. The current study suggests that civil societies in urban areas are sustainable if, first, the activities related to daily services are provided by the resident's associations; and second, these are linked to economic incentives. Leadership plays a crucial role in collective decision-making. Creation of the support system is essential for long-term sustainability of civil-society activities. These observations are exemplified in the case study in Nishi Suma, one of the worst-affected areas in the Kobe city. [source] Principles and Practices of Knowledge Creation: On the Organization of "Buzz" and "Pipelines" in Life Science CommunitiesECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2008Jerker Moodysson abstract This article links up with the debate in economic geography on "local buzz" and "global pipelines" as two distinct forms of interactive knowledge creation among firms and related actors and argues for a rethinking of the way social scientists should approach interactive knowledge creation. It highlights the importance of combining the insights from studies of clusters and innovation systems with an activity-oriented approach in which more attention is paid to the specific characteristics of the innovation processes and the conditions underpinning their organization. To illustrate the applicability and added value of such an alternative approach, the notion of embeddedness is linked with some basic ideas adopted from the literature on knowledge communities. The framework is then applied to a study of innovation activities conducted by firms and academic research groups working with biotechnology-related applications in the Swedish part of the Medicon Valley life science region. The findings reveal that local buzz is largely absent in these types of activities. Most interactive knowledge creation, which appears to be spontaneous and unregulated, is, on closer examination, found safely embedded in globally configured professional knowledge communities and attainable only by those who qualify. [source] Liquidity Creation through Banks and Markets: A Theoretical Perspective on SecuritizationECONOMIC NOTES, Issue 3 2000Ernst-Ludwig Von Thadden Securitization is a process that transforms some traditional non-traded banking assets into marketable securities. To evaluate this process, this paper surveys theories of the intertemporal allocation of funds through demand deposits and anonymous markets, first separately and then in an integrated model. It reviews some work on the role of market frictions and asset characteristics, and concludes that the interplay between these two is crucial in explaining the observed co-existence of demand deposits and anonymous markets. This suggests that securitization is an opportunity, rather than a threat, to banks. (J.E.L.: D50, G21) [source] Community-Led Social Venture CreationENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 2 2007Helen Haugh The addition of new enterprises to the economy has long been considered essential to economic growth. The process of venture creation in the private sector has been heavily researched and frequently modeled, although few models explain the process of nonprofit enterprise creation. Nonprofit social ventures pursue economic, social, or environmental aims, generating at least part of their income from trading. They fill market gaps between private enterprise and public sector provision, and, increasingly, policy makers consider them to be valuable agents in social, economic, and environmental regeneration and renewal. This article presents findings from a qualitative study of the inception of five community-led nonprofit social ventures, producing a model of the stages of venture creation: (1) opportunity identification, (2) idea articulation, (3) idea ownership, (4) stakeholder mobilization, (5) opportunity exploitation, and (6) stakeholder reflection. A formal support network and a tailor-made support network are also part of the model, contributing resources to the new venture and assisting progression through the stages. The model highlights the resource acquisition and network creation that precede formal venture creation. In the nonprofit sector, these activities are undertaken by volunteers who do not have a controlling interest in the new venture. For practitioners, the model identifies critical stages in the process of community-led social venture creation and two areas where assistance is most needed: pre-venture business support and postcreating effective networks. [source] From Boundary Drawing to Transitions: the Creation of Normativity under the EU Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and ControlEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002Bettina Lange This article aims to make a contribution to debates about how to conceptualise normativity. It argues that normativity can not be just understood through defining it and in particular through identifying conceptual boundaries around the normative and the non-normative. Instead the article suggests that it is important to explore how transitions between the non-normative and the normative occur in practice. This argument is developed through a critical examination of literature on legal pluralism and an analysis of qualitative empirical data on the drafting of technical guidance documents under the European Union Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (96/61/EC). [source] Creation of artificial upwelling areas for brown trout, Salmo trutta, spawning in still water bodiesFISHERIES MANAGEMENT & ECOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Å. BRABRAND Abstract, Brown trout, Salmo trutta L., spawning sites were constructed by creating areas of artificial upwelling water, 252 ± 37 mL m,2 min,1 (95% CL), through appropriately sized spawning gravel substrate in 3 m2 vessels buried in the bottom of a 150-m2 pond. Natural spawning occurred in the vessels during autumn 2001,2004, with hatching and alevin swim up the following spring. In areas of upwelling, egg survival was 85,95%, while no live eggs were observed in areas without upwelling. In areas with upwelling, the maximum density of live eggs at the eyed stage was 570,1510 eggs m,2. In spring 2004 and 2005, the density of alevins was estimated at 322 (±187) m,2 and 567 (±217) m,2, respectively, in areas with upwelling water, compared with 35.2 ± 25.4 m,2 in areas without upwelling water in 2004. [source] The Artist in Contemplation: Love and Creation in Schiller's Philosophische BriefeGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 1 2007Jennifer Driscoll Colosimo ABSTRACT In addition to documenting the development of the author's philosophical world-view from his student days to his first years as an independent artist, Schiller's Philosophische Briefe provide a unique view into his continued endeavour to define and defend the artist's role in society. The examination of the artistic nature forms a remarkable subtext throughout the entire Philosophische Briefe project. It is certainly not Schiller's conscious intent to expose his own doubts and insecurities regarding the moral tendency of his profession. Indeed, his stance in the foreword to the work is so urgently self-assured that he betrays himself primarily by protesting too much. However, the frame narrative and the internal philosophical essay, the Theosophie des Julius, reveal just how much his early philosophy centres on the justification of the artist, and how tenuous this justification is. This article addresses the representation of the artist in each of the three sections that compose the Philosophische Briefe, with reference to other works of the same period that relate thematically. Taken together, these representations illuminate some of the key reasons why Schiller felt compelled to defend his life's pursuit, and against what or whom. [source] Endo-robotic resection of the submandibular gland in a cadaver model,HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 11 2005David J. Terris MD Abstract Background. By means of a prospective, nonrandomized investigation, we evaluated the feasibility of performing endo-robotic resection of the submandibular gland in a cadaver model and compared the results of robotically enhanced endoscopic surgery with those from a conventional endoscopic technique. Methods. Procedural times were recorded in a consecutive series of 11 endoscopic submandibular gland resections using the daVinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) and a modified endoscopic surgical approach previously developed in a porcine model. The presence of neurovascular injury was assessed postoperatively, and the specimens were examined histologically. Results. Eleven endo-robotic submandibular gland resections were successfully performed in six cadavers (no conversions to open resection were necessary). The median duration of the procedures was 48 minutes (range, 33,82 minutes). Creation of the operative pocket took an average (±SD) of 12.2 ± 5.3 minutes, assembly of the robot required 9.3 ± 4.1 minutes, and the mean time for submandibular gland resection was 29.4 ± 8.9 minutes. The time required for robotic assembly was offset by the reduced operative time necessary compared with conventional endoscopic resection. Histologic examination confirmed the presence of normal glandular architecture, without evidence of excessive mechanical or thermal injury. There were no cases of apparent neurovascular injury. Conclusions. Robotically enhanced endoscopic surgery in the neck is feasible and offers a number of compelling advantages over conventional endoscopic neck surgery. Clinical trials will be necessary to determine whether these advantages can be achieved in clinical practice. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX,XXX, 2005 [source] Collaborative Research: Policy and the Management of Knowledge Creation in UK UniversitiesHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2001David Smith Collaboration in research activity is now the rule not the exception. It is encouraged by government, funding bodies and research councils. However, the concept of collaboration is difficult to define. It occurs at many different levels, driven by a complex research system-policy dynamic. Three different models of collaboration , inter-personal, team and corporate , are identified, each with their own rationale, structure, benefits and costs. The paper examines the institutional implications of these models. It argues that institutions and individual researchers conceptualise and operationalise research collaboration in different ways. Although vital to institutional mission, collaborative research is rarely mapped by senior managers with any precision. In general, institutional approaches to the management of collaborative research lag behind the policy rhetoric. The paper concludes with an overview of the key dilemmas for institutional strategists and policy makers posed by the shift towards more collaborative approaches to research. [source] Client-Led Information System Creation (CLIC): navigating the gapINFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Issue 3 2005Donna Champion Abstract., This paper offers a new framework to facilitate an interpretive approach to client-led information system development, referred to as CLIC (Client-Led Information System Creation). The challenge of moving seamlessly through a process of information systems (IS) design is still the subject of much research in the IS field. Attempts to address the difficulties of ,bridging the gap' between a client's business needs and an information system definition have hitherto not provided a coherent and practical approach. Rather than attempting to bridge the gap, this paper describes an approach to managing this gap by facilitating the clients' navigating through the information system design process (or inquiry process) in a coherent manner. The framework has been developed through practice, and the paper provides an example of navigating through the design phase taken from an Action Research field study in a major UK bank. [source] Facile Creation of 3-Indolyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles by an Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel,Crafts Reaction of Indoles with IsatinsADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 5 2010Jing Deng Abstract The first direct enantioselective Friedel,Crafts reaction of indoles with isatins has been developed. The process is catalyzed by simple cupreine under mild reaction conditions and affords synthetically and biologically interesting, chiral 3-indolyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in good yields (68,97%) and with high enantioselectivities (76,91%). [source] Radical Orthodoxy and the Reformed Tradition: Creation, Covenant, and Participation , Edited by James K.A. Smith and James H. OlthuisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Chris Hackett First page of article [source] Surmounting City Silences: Knowledge Creation and the Design of Urban Democracy in the Everyday EconomyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009NANCY ETTLINGER This essay presents segregation as a fundamental, longstanding and widespread problem that impedes democratic urban life and is intelligible from a critical geographic perspective. Ignorance is spatially produced by segregation at multiple scales so as to legitimize and perpetuate silence about problems among marginalized groups. This spatialized understanding explains inequality, problematizes and difference prompts an agenda that forefronts the creation of new social knowledges. The focus here is on the everyday economy as a crucial but commonly overlooked context for developing such knowledges. I re-present a theory of knowledge creation developed for the pursuit of commercial competitiveness and reconfigure it to mesh socio-political and economic goals. A central challenge is to change prevailing discourses by cultivating new practices that entail meaningful interaction among people otherwise segregated. Efficiency becomes a means to social as well as economic ends, as respect and trust grow from collaborative experience among people who might otherwise not interact. Résumé Ce travail présente la ségrégation comme un problème fondamental, persistant et généralisé qui handicape la vie urbaine démocratique et qui peut être appréhendé d'un point de vue critique géographique. L'ignorance est le résultat, sur le plan spatial, d'une ségrégation à plusieurs échelons aux fins de justifier et de perpétuer le silence sur les problèmes qui existent dans les groupes marginalisés. Cette appréhension spatiale explique l'inégalité, tandis que la problématisation de la différence conduit à mettre en évidence la création de nouveaux savoirs sociaux. L'intérêt porte ici sur l'économie du quotidien, considérée comme un contexte essentiel, quoique très souvent négligé, pour le développement de ces savoirs. L'auteur revisite une théorie de la création du savoir élaborée dans le but d'accroître la compétitivité commerciale, et la reconfigure pour qu'elle concorde avec des objectifs sociopolitiques et économiques. L'un des principaux défis consiste à changer la rhétorique dominante en cultivant de nouvelles pratiques qui supposent une interaction porteuse de sens entre des gens par ailleurs ségrégués. L'efficience devient un moyen à des fins sociales et économiques, le respect et la confiance se nourrissant de la collaboration vécue entre des personnes qui, autrement, n'auraient peut-être pas été en relation. [source] The current state of the center for the creation and dissemination of new Japanese nursing science: The 21st century Center of Excellence at Chiba University School of NursingJAPAN JOURNAL OF NURSING SCIENCE, Issue 1 2006Kazuko ISHIGAKI Abstract Aim:, The Center of Excellence for the Creation and Dissemination of a New Japanese Nursing Science at Chiba University School of Nursing is now in its third year of operation. This center aims to develop nursing science that is appropriate for Japanese culture and to internationally disseminate the importance of culturally based care. Our project seeks to systematically transform the art of nursing practise into a nursing science. Method:, To date, multiple frameworks have been created through the qualitative meta-synthesis of research on effective nursing care. To create a nursing science, these frameworks derived from meta-synthesis must be verified and internalized in nursing practise. Results:, After three years of research, the following findings are emerging: professional care relationships in nursing practise in Japan are characterized by the bidirectional process between the nurse and the client, in which both gradually undergo a transformation in order to establish a collaborative, therapeutic relationship; Japanese nurses emphasize the importance of understanding adolescent clients' subjective understanding of their own life with self-care, as well as social support; and the priority for community health nurses in Japan is to create support systems in the community, regardless of whether the intended client is an individual, a family, a specific group, or the community as a whole. Conclusions:, Our future efforts will focus on verifying our findings through interdisciplinary and international comparative research and by integrating various frameworks in order to create a new Japanese nursing science. [source] Creation of a Monomeric Ruthenium Species on the Surface of Micro-Size Copper Hydrogen Phosphate: An Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Aerobic Oxidation of AlcoholsADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 16 2007Junhua Liu Abstract A new micro-size copper hydrogen phosphate (CHP) synthesized by the emulsion method combined with a monomeric ruthenium species was found to be a very effective catalyst for the selective oxidation of alcohols. Several kinds of alcohols were transformed into the corresponding aldehydes or ketones over the RuCHP catalyst by oxygen under very mild conditions. The results showed that the CHP material was perfect as a catalyst support due to its high ion-exchange ability and adsorption capacity. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||