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Craniofacial Anatomy (craniofacial + anatomy)
Selected AbstractsEffects of masticatory muscle function on craniofacial morphology in growing ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 6 2003Tailun He Studying the effects of masticatory muscle function on craniofacial morphology in animal models with different masticatory systems is important for further understanding of related issues in humans. Forty 5-wk-old male ferrets were equally divided into two groups. One group was fed a diet of hard pellets (HDG) and the other group was fed the same diet but softened with water (SDG). Lateral and dorsoventral cephalograms were taken on each group after 6 months. Cephalometric measurements were performed by digital procedures. For SDG ferrets, the hard palate plane was more distant from the cranial base plane, and canines were more proclined compared with HDG ferrets. The SDG ferrets were also found to have smaller interfrontal and interparietal widths, and a slenderer zygomatic arch than the HDG ferrets. In the mandible, the coronoid process was generally shorter and narrower for the SDG ferrets. The effects of the altered masticatory muscle function on craniofacial morphology in growing ferrets seemed to differ from those previously reported in other animal models studied under similar experimental conditions. Such differences in the effects are presumably related to the differences in the mode of mastication, craniofacial anatomy and growth pattern in different animal models. [source] The relationship between craniofacial anatomy and obstructive sleep apnoea: a case-controlled studyJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007AMA JOHAL Summary The aim of the study was to identify craniofacial and pharyngeal anatomical factors directly related to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The design and setting was a hospital-based, case-controlled study. Ninety-nine subjects (78 males and 21 females) with a confirmed diagnosis of OSA, who were referred to the Dental Hospital for construction of a mandibular advancement splint were recruited. A similar number of control subjects, matched for age and sex, were recruited after completing snoring and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires to exclude habitual snoring and daytime sleepiness. An upright cephalogram was obtained and skeletal and soft tissue landmarks were traced and digitized. In OSA subjects the anteroposterior skeletal measurements, including maxillary and mandibular length were reduced (P < 0.001). The intermaxillary space was found to be 3.1 mm shorter in OSA subjects (P = 0.001). The nasopharyngeal airway in OSA subjects was narrower (P < 0.001) but pharyngeal length showed no difference. The tongue size was increased (P = 0.021), soft plate length, thickness and area were all greater (P < 0.001) and the hyoid bone was more inferiorly positioned in OSA subjects (P < 0.001). This study identifies a significant number of craniofacial and pharyngeal anatomical factors directly related to OSA. [source] Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Comparison Between Far-East Asian and White MenTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 10 2000Kasey K. Li MD Abstract Objectives To investigate the possible differences between Far-East Asian men and white men in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Study Design Prospective nonrandomized controlled study. Methods This study compared consecutive Far-East Asian men with OSAS (n = 50) with two selected groups of White men with OSAS (n = 50 in each group). One group of white men was controlled for age, respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and minimum oxygenation saturation (LSAT). Another group was controlled for age and body mass index (BMI). Cephalometric analysis was performed on all subjects. Results The majority of the Far-East Asian men were found to be nonobese (mean BMI, 26.7 ± 3.8) but had severe OSAS (mean RDI, 55.1 ± 35.1). When controlled for age, RDI, and LSAT, the white men were substantially more obese (mean BMI, 29.7 ± 5.8, P = .0055). When controlled for age and BMI, the white men had less severe illness (RDI, 34.1 ± 17.9, P = .0001). Although the posterior airway space and the distance from the mandibular plane to hyoid bone were less abnormal in the Far-East Asian men, the cranial base dimensions were significantly decreased. Conclusions The majority of the Far-East Asian men in this study were found to be nonobese, despite the presence of severe OSAS. When compared with white men, Far-East Asian men were less obese but had greater severity of OSAS. There may be differences in obesity and craniofacial anatomy as risk factors in these two groups. [source] Developmental craniofacial anthropometry: Assessment of race effectsCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2009Reid B. Durtschi Abstract Differences in craniofacial anatomy among racial groups have been documented in a variety of structures, but the oral and maxillofacial regions have been shown to be a particularly defining region of variability between different racial/ethnic groups. Such comparisons are informative, but they neither address developmental changes of the craniofacial anatomy nor do they assess or take into account the natural variability within individual races that may account for similar reported, across-group variations. The purpose of this report was to compare,using medical imaging studies,the growth trend of select race-sensitive craniofacial variables in the oral and pharyngeal regions when all races [White, Asian, Black, and Hispanic (AR)] are included versus only a single race category [White (WR)]. Race effect was tested by comparing sex-specific growth fits (fourth degree polynomial model) for AR versus WR data. Findings indicate that the inclusion of all races versus a single race did not significantly alter the growth model fits. Thus, the inclusion of all races permits the advancement of general growth models; however, methodologically, it is best to treat the race variable as a covariate in all future analysis to test for both potential all race effects or individual race effects, on general growth models. Clin. Anat. 22:800,808, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||