			Home About us Contact

Cranial MRI (cranial + mri)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Renal vascular disease in neurofibromatosis type 2: association or coincidence?

DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2006
Nuno JV Cordeiro MBChB MRCPCH
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) remains a challenging diagnosis in childhood where there may be no neurological involvement. A 12-month-old male in whom NF2 was suspected because of characteristic ophthalmological and cutaneous lesions is reported. Cranial MRI showed no tumours. A pathogenic mutation was identified on NF2 gene analysis. The child developed hypertension due to renal vascular disease. Although renal vascular disease is a recognized complication of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), it has not been reported in NF2. [source]

Bedside screening for executive dysfunction in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 9 2009
Nils Margraf
Objective We investigated several executive bedside tests for their effectiveness in the routine clinical diagnostics of dysexecutive syndrome in subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD). Methods Five executive tests, CLOX, the Tower of London (ToL), a cognitive estimation test (CET), a verbal fluency test, and the Five-Point Test, were examined in 17 patients with marked cerebral microangiopathy in cranial MRI and clinical symptoms of SIVD. The test accuracy for discriminating the patients from 17 healthy comparison subjects closely matched for age, gender and level of education was determined. Results Aside from the CET we found a significant lower performance of the patients with SIVD in four of the five used executive tests. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses the accuracy of CLOX 1 showed excellent results for distinguishing between patients and comparison subjects (area under the curve (AUC) 0.901), while the ToL (AUC up to 0.845) and the productivity in the phonemic verbal fluency test (AUC 0.829) achieved a good accuracy. Differently the accuracy of the figural fluency was only poor to fair (AUC 0.706). However, the Youden Indices of the significant executive variables showed a wide range from 0.25 to 0.82. Conclusions Based on our data we consider CLOX, the ToL and the verbal fluency test promising executive bedside test concepts for diagnosing the dysexecutive syndrome in SIVD in clinical routine. Particularly for CLOX and the ToL a further psychometric evaluation is required. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Pathological Laughing As a Manifestation in a Clinically Isolated Brainstem Syndrome: A Case Report

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 3 2009
Belgin Kocer MD
ABSTRACT The prevalence of pathological laughing and crying in multiple sclerosis (MS) is 10%. It has been speculated that the anatomical lesion responsible for the pathological laughing is located in the pontine base, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum. We report an 18-year-old male patient presenting with pathological laughing and hypomania. In his neurological examination, he had a euphoric effect with ataxic walking and dysarthria speech. He had a bilateral conjugated gaze limitation, with a prominent bilateral horizontal nystagmus on left gaze, dysmetria, dysdiadokokinesia, and remarkable dysfunction in a heel-to-shin test on the left. The IgG index in cerebrospinal fluid was normal with an oligoclonal band was present. In cranial MRI, there was a lesion on central pons which was hypointense in T1 images with contrast enhancement and hyperintense in T2 and flair images. Also another lesion in right brachium pontis which did not contrast enhancement but was hyperintense on T2 and flair images was present. There was an elevation of myoinositol/creatine ratio and choline and a reduction of NAA in proton MR spectroscopy. MR spectroscopic evaluation of the patient demonstrated the demyelination process. There has been no report of patients in whom pathological laughter was the presenting symptom of clinically isolated brainstem syndrome. [source]

Frequent Hemorrhagic Lesions in Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in AIDS Patients

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 2 2009
Satyakam Bhagavati MD
ABSTRACT Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a frequent complication in immunosuppressed patients such as AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Frequently, lesions are located deep in the brain which are inaccessible for biopsy making rapid diagnosis dependent on accurate interpretation of neuroimaging findings. The commonest cranial CT findings reported in toxoplasmosis are ring enhancing hypodense lesions in basal ganglia or cortical gray matter. Hemorrhage has only rarely been described and is usually seen following antitoxoplasma treatment. We reviewed the records of 11 AIDS patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis and found multiple hemorrhagic cerebral, cerebellar, or brain stem lesions in 7 of 11 patients. Six patients had hemorrhage at the time of initial clinical presentation and one developed hemorrhage following 2 weeks of antitoxoplasma treatment. We conclude that hemorrhagic lesions are frequently found on cranial MRI scans in cerebral toxoplasmosis. AIDS patients presenting with hemorrhagic cerebral lesions should be considered for a trial of presumptive antitoxoplasma treatment. [source]

A cerebellar demyelinating lesion following treatment of acne with isotretinoin

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
M. Yaman
Summary We report the case of a demyelinating lesion located in the left cerebellar region that developed 3 months after the onset of oral isotretionin treatment. In April 2001, 1 year before admission, the patient underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of endocrinological problems. This was found to be completely normal. In January 2002, oral isotretinoin treatment was started to treat severe acne. Three months after the onset of therapy, the patient reported lack of appetite, faintness and tinnitus. Her second cranial MRI scan showed a cerebellar lesion, and oral isotretinoin treatment was stopped (April 2002). One month after the cessation of oral isotretinoin treatment, the lesion became less prominent on the MRI scan, and after 3 months, it had disappeared. Although it is difficult to determine the causal association between the demyelinating cerebellar lesion and isotretinoin treatment, we would like to alert physicians to this possibility, because of the common usage of this drug in daily practice. [source]