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Cranial Capacity (cranial + capacity)
Selected AbstractsNew reconstruction of Krapina 5, a male Neandertal cranial vault from Krapina, CroatiaAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Rachel Caspari Abstract The Neandertals from Krapina, Croatia represent some of the geologically oldest Neandertals known, and they comprise the largest Neandertal collection from a single site in the world. However, comparisons of the Krapina material with other, later Neandertals have been limited both because of their fragmentary condition and because the sample has a disproportionate number of females and/or young individuals. This paper presents a preliminary description of our new reconstruction of Krapina 5, an adult male, and provides comparisons with females from Krapina and with later Neandertal males from Western Europe. Like other hominid sites with large samples, there is considerable cranial variation at Krapina; we believe that some, but clearly not all of it is due to sexual dimorphism. Although Krapina 5 differs from the later males in a number of features, such as cranial thickness, cranial height, and sagittal curvature, it fits well within the male Neandertal range for most other metric variables, including cranial capacity. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Brief communication: Is variation in the cranial capacity of the Dmanisi sample too high to be from a single species?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Sang-Hee Lee Abstract This study uses data resampling to test the null hypothesis that the degree of variation in the cranial capacity of the Dmanisi hominid sample is within the range variation of a single species. The statistical significance of the variation in the Dmanisi sample is examined using simulated distributions based on comparative samples of modern humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. Results show that it is unlikely to find the maximum difference observed in the Dmanisi sample in distributions of female-female pairs from comparative single-species samples. Given that two sexes are represented, the difference in the Dmanisi sample is not enough to reject the null hypothesis of a single species. Results of this study suggest no compelling reason to invoke multiple taxa to explain variation in the cranial capacity of the Dmanisi hominids. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Craniological differentiation amongst wild-living cats in Britain and southern Africa: natural variation or the effects of hybridisation?ANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 4 2004Nobuyuki Yamaguchi The natural morphological variation in the wildcat, Felis silvestris, and morphological changes possibly caused by introgressive hybridisation with the domestic cat, F. catus, were examined, based on up to 39 variables concerning cranial morphology. The samples of wild-living cats originated from Scotland and southern Africa and consisted of both classical wildcat and other pelage types. Principal component and cluster analyses suggested that introgressive hybridisation occurred in both areas, with the consequence that the characteristics of local wildcat populations had been altered in terms of the frequencies of occurrence of certain characters, especially those concerning cranial capacity. In both regions the clustering patterns of wild-living cats can be interpreted as containing four main groups. One of these consisted mainly of ,non-wildcats' and groups furthest from the ,non-wild' cluster consisted of the highest proportion of ,wildcats' (c. 80%). We propose that where a population is heavily introgressed, the only feasible way to define a wildcat is on the basis of inter-correlated features and conservationists must take a population-based approach to assess the extent of introgression. This approach may provide an operational standard for assessing the impact of hybridisation between wildcats and domestic cats throughout the species' range; it suggests that the Scottish wildcats may be critically endangered. [source] Applying circular posterior-hinged craniotomy to malignant cerebral edemasCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 3 2002H. Traxler Abstract Malignant brain edemas are often fatal, regardless of whether they are treated conservatively with sedation, blood pressure management, mannitol-therapy, hyperventilation and hypothermia, or non-conservatively with routine trepanation. Unfortunately, temporal trepanation may result in significant brain damage through herniation of the cerebrum at the edges of the trepanation openings. In one case of a 26-year-old male with severe head injury, a circular posterior-hinged craniotomy (CPHC) was performed after an ineffective unitemporal trepanation for evacuation of an acute subdural hematoma. This ultimately successful operation prompted experimental and morphologic investigations on a new surgical procedure for lowering intracranial pressure (ICP). In 12 of 15 human cadavers, an experimentally ICP was lowered by a CPHC with between 9,21 mm of frontal elevation of the calvaria. Using computer simulation, the frontal elevations of the calvaria were "virtually" performed on 3D reconstructions from CT scans of skulls, and the intracranial volume gained was measured with a computer software program. The volume increase of the cranial cavity showed a relatively constant relation to the cranial capacity and was increased by 6.0% (±0.4%) or 78 cm3 with a 10 mm elevation and by 12.4% (±0.7%) or 160 cm3 with a 20 mm elevation. There were no significant differences with skulls of different ages or ethnic origin; however, a significant effect of gender (F = 7.074; P , 0.013) on the gained volume in percent of the cranial capacity for the 20 mm elevation was observed. This difference can be explained by the inverse relationship between volume increase and cranial capacity (r = ,0.507; P , 0.004). Clin. Anat. Month:173,181, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||