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Crude Prevalence (crude + prevalence)
Selected AbstractsGlucose intolerance and associated factors in Mongolia: results of a national surveyDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 6 2002J. Suvd Abstract Aims Prevalence of glucose intolerance,diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT),and of related conditions such as obesity and hypertension, was studied in six population samples in Mongolia in 1999. Methods Diagnosis of glucose intolerance was made on the basis of 2-h blood glucose concentration, according to criteria recommended by the latest report of a WHO Expert Group. Results Crude prevalence of diabetes was 2.9% (2.6% in men and 3.2% in women). Prevalence of IGT was 10.2% (9.3% in men and 10.8% in women). Age standardization to the standard world population of Segi resulted in a total sample prevalence of 3.1% for diabetes and 9.2% for IGT. Prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance differed according to district of residence. Approximately one-third of the subjects with diabetes were diagnosed prior to the survey. Of those who were diagnosed previously, approximately one-half were not under any form of treatment. Subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance were older, more obese and had higher blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension than those with normoglycaemia. One-half of men and almost one-half of women were hypertensive. Three-quarters of the diabetic subjects were hypertensive. One-third of all subjects were centrally obese. Considering the conditions of principal interest,glucose intolerance, hypertension and obesity,one-half of all subjects demonstrated one or more of these conditions. Central obesity was the most common condition, followed by hypertension and then glucose intolerance. Central obesity and hypertension was the most common combination (17% of all subjects) and 4% exhibited all three conditions. Conclusions Non-communicable diseases are already a threat to public health in Mongolia. Although the prevalence of diabetes is not high by international standards, the relatively high prevalence of IGT suggests that the situation may deteriorate in the future in the absence of concerted action to prevent and control diabetes and related conditions. [source] Geographical difference in Parkinson's disease prevalence within West Scotland,MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 3 2009Edward J. Newman MRCP Abstract The wide range in reported prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the United Kingdom (between 108 and 164 per 100,000) is usually attributed to differences in study methodology. We report prevalence of PD in four geographic areas within West Scotland, which was calculated using the same methodology, from prescription database searches within primary care, combined with full case record review. Crude prevalence was 119.2 per 100,000 (95% CI 109.7,128.6) and age-adjusted prevalence was 129.5 (95% CI 119.6,139.4) in 92 General Practices covering a population of 511,927. Prevalence was significantly lower in South Glasgow (men 98.3, CI 78.7,117.9; women 83.9, CI 65.6,102.2) than South Lanarkshire (men 202.7, CI 175.0,230.4; women 151.1, CI 127.7,174.5), age-adjusted rates, both P < 0.001. Factors associated with higher prevalence of PD, such as lower cigarette smoking rates, higher education level, and rural living, were higher in South Lanarkshire than South Glasgow, but the magnitude of the difference was greater than expected considering studies describing relative risk for these factors. Access to services, and specialist clinic attendance were both higher for South Glasgow, which may influence diagnostic accuracy, time to diagnosis, and time to initiating antiparkinson therapy. Explorationof these factors is justified to explain further such wide variation in PD prevalence. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society [source] Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis: genetic and acquired risk factorsORAL DISEASES, Issue 6 2009ME Sarasquete The objectives of this study were to review epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects associated with the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, with special emphasis on the genetic aspects. A detailed review of previously described risk factors as well as recent genetic findings mostly comprises this work. The most recent meeting abstracts and relevant articles published in journals covered by the Science Citation Index and Medline are also examined. The review pays special attention to the genetic component of BRONJ. A total of 15 series and 14 guidelines or revisions were selected to fit the aims of the review. Gene variability was reviewed in depth to give a clinical illustration on the genetic aspects of BRONJ. Crude prevalence and 5-year cumulative incidence were considered as the most important end points for predictive purposes. Several acquired factors were recognized as predictors for BRONJ in MM, especially intravenous bisphosphonates, dental trauma and advanced age. Among genetic factors, polymorphisms on CYP2C8 gene arise as a promising risk factor. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw can be predicted with a conjunction of genetic and environmental risk factors. [source] Prevalence of epilepsy and seizures in the Navajo Nation 1998,2002EPILEPSIA, Issue 10 2009Karen Parko Summary Purpose:, To determine the prevalence of epilepsy and seizures in the Navajo. Methods:, We studied 226,496 Navajo residing in the Navajo Reservation who had at least one medical encounter between October 1, 1998 and September 30, 2002. We ascertained and confirmed cases in two phases. First, we identified patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes signifying epilepsy or seizures using Indian Health Service (IHS) administrative data. Second, we reviewed medical charts of a geographic subpopulation of identified patients to confirm diagnoses and assess the positive predictive value of the ICD-9-CM codes in identifying patients with active epilepsy. Results:, Two percent of Navajo receiving IHS care were found to have an ICD-9-CM code consistent with epilepsy or seizures. Based on confirmed cases, the crude prevalence for the occurrence of any seizure (including febrile seizures and recurrent seizures that may have been provoked) in the geographic subpopulation was 13.5 per 1,000 and the crude prevalence of active epilepsy was 9.2 per 1,000. Prevalence was higher among males, children under 5 years of age, and older adults. Discussion:, The estimated prevalence of active epilepsy in the Navajo Nation is above the upper limit of the range of reported estimates from other comparable studies of U.S. communities. [source] Prevalence study of primary dystonia in IcelandMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 3 2006Hilmir Asgeirsson STUD MED Abstract In Iceland, the crude prevalence for all types of primary dystonia was 37.1/105 (confidence interval, 30.4,44.9). Focal dystonia had the highest prevalence (31.2/105), followed by segmental (3.1/105), multifocal (2.4/105) and generalized dystonia (0.3/105). Cervical dystonia was the most common focal dystonia (11.5/105), followed by limb dystonia (8.0/105), laryngeal dystonia (5.9/105), blepharospasm (3.1/105), and oromandibular dystonia (2.8/105). The male:female ratio for all patients was 1:1.9 (P = 0.0007), and females outnumbered males in all subtypes except oromandibular dystonia. Mean age of onset for all patients was 42.7 years (range, 3,82 years). This prevalence of primary dystonia is higher than in most reported studies, possibly because of more complete ascertainment but the relative frequencies of dystonia subtypes is similar. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society [source] High prevalence of parkinsonian disorders associated to manganese exposure in the vicinities of ferroalloy industriesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 11 2007Roberto G. Lucchini MD Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence of Parkinsonian disturbances in relationship to environmental exposure to manganese due to ferroalloy industries in the province of Brescia, Northern Italy. Methods Manganese concentrations were measured in settled dust collected in each of the 206 municipalities. Parkinsonian patients were identified using two sources: (1) clinical registers from local hospitals, specialized neurologists, and exemption from prescription payment; (2) L-Dopa prescriptions. Standardized prevalence rates and raw and full Bayesian-smoothed standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) were calculated for the entire province and for each municipality. Results Manganese concentrations in settled dust were significantly higher in the surroundings and downwind from the industrial plants. A total number of 2,677 Parkinsonian cases were identified among 903,997 residents (crude prevalence, 296/100,000; 95% CI: 284.80,307.20; standardized prevalence, 407/100,000; 95% CI: 393.87,420.12). Significantly higher SMRs (Kruskal,Wallis ,2 1 df,=,17.55, P,<,0.001) were observed in 37 municipalities in the vicinities of ferromanganese plants (324 cases among 77,708 residents; standardized prevalence 492/100,000; 95% CI: 442.80,541.20), compared to the other 169 municipalities of the province (2,353 cases among 826,289 residents, standardized prevalence 321/100,000; 95% CI 308.80,333.20). Row and Bayesian SMRs were associated with the concentrations of manganese in settled dust. Conclusion Study results suggest that environmental exposure to manganese is associated with an increased prevalence of Parkinsonian disturbances. Since the highest prevalence rates were observed in a closed community of the pre-Alps where the industries are located, further research should address a possible interactive role of genetic factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:788,800, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in SydneyACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2005D. K. Y. Chan Objective,,, To examine the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Bankstown, Sydney, using the same methodology as a previous study in Randwick, Sydney, Australia (1998,1999). Participants and methods,,, Twenty census districts (CDs) for the Bankstown local government area were randomly selected. Research personnel door-knocked every household within the CDs to locate people aged ,55 years. A structured questionnaire (containing four screening questions for PD) was administered to those agreeing to participate. Screened positive participants were invited to come for a clinical examination. This is a continuation of the previous study and data have been combined. Results,,, Combining data for Bankstown and Randwick gave 1028 participants; crude prevalence, 780 per 100,000 (CI: 546,1077). In Bankstown, there were 501 participants aged ,55 years (response rate 70%); 135 were screened positive with 101 (74.8%) agreeing to a clinical examination. The prevalence of PD in the Bankstown community was 3.4% (17 of 501) (95% CI: 1.98,5.43) for those aged ,55 years; crude prevalence 776 per 100,000 (CI: 452,1241). Conclusion,,, The combined results of two Sydney studies appear to indicate that Sydney has one of the highest prevalence estimates of PD in developed countries. [source] Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Västerbotten County in northern SwedenACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2001P. Sundström Objective , To estimate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. Methods,Individuals with MS were identified from several sources. A follow-up interview and/or examination was performed in 94% of cases still living in the area during 1997,99. Onset adjusted prevalence and a definition of onset symptoms were applied. Results, A total of 313 cases were identified, resulting in an onset adjusted crude prevalence of MS for January 1990 of 125/105 (95% confidence interval (CI): 112,140). Female predominance was evident (163/105 (95% CI: 142,187) vs 86/105 (95% CI: 71,104)). Diagnostic coding registers were the most important source for identification of cases. Conclusions, The crude prevalence of MS in Västerbotten was higher than previous reports from other major areas in Scandinavia. The adjusted prevalence was significantly higher when compared with a previous study from Göteborg, south-western Sweden. The methodology used in this study gives a high degree of case ascertainment and increases the comparability of multiple sclerosis epidemiological studies. [source] Body mass index in adults with intellectual disability: distribution, associations and service implications: a population-based prevalence studyJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2008S. Bhaumik Abstract Background Previous studies of weight problems in adults with intellectual disability (ID) have generally been small or selective and given conflicting results. The objectives of our large-scale study were to identify inequalities in weight problems between adults with ID and the general adult population, and to investigate factors associated with obesity and underweight within the ID population. Methods We undertook a population-based prevalence study of 1119 adults with ID aged 20 and over on the Leicestershire Learning Disability Register who participated in a programme of universal health checks and home interviews with their carers. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the register data and compared the observed and expected prevalences of body mass index categories in the ID and general populations using indirect standardisation for age. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association of a range of probable demographic, physical, mental and skills attributes with obesity and underweight. Results In those aged 25 and over, the standardised morbidity ratio (SMR) for obesity was 0.80 (95% CI 0.64,1.00) in men and 1.48 (95% CI 1.23,1.77) in women. The SMR for underweight was 8.44 (95% CI 6.52,10.82) in men and 2.35 (95% CI 1.72,3.19) in women. Among those aged 20 and over, crude prevalences were 20.7% for obesity, 28.0% for overweight, 32.7% for normal weight and 18.6% for underweight. Obesity was associated with living independently/with family, ability to feed/drink unaided, being female, hypertension, Down syndrome and the absence of cerebral palsy. Underweight was associated with younger age, absence of Down syndrome and not taking medication. Conclusion Obesity in women and underweight in both men and women was more common in adults with ID than in the general population after controlling for differences in the age distributions between the two populations. The associated factors suggest opportunities for targeting high-risk groups within the ID population for lifestyle and behaviour modification. [source] | ||||||||||