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Cross-sectional Descriptive Design (cross-sectional + descriptive_design)
Selected AbstractsGender differences in physical activity and its determinants in rural adults in KoreaJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 5-6 2010Hyun Kyung Kim Aim., This study aimed to examine gender differences in physical activity and its determinants among rural adults in Korea. Background., Only limited studies exist that examined gender differences in physical activity in Korean adults. Major determinants for physical activity such as self-efficacy, benefits and barriers have been studied, but little is known about their gender differences. Nurses promoting and teaching adults to increase physical activity need data for evidence-based practice. Design., A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Method., Participants were 481 adults living in a rural area of Korea. The physical activity status, exercise self-efficacy, benefits, barriers and sociodemographics were compared between men and women. Descriptive statistics, t -test and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results., The physical activity status, perceived self-efficacy and benefits of physical activity in women were significantly lower than those of men. For men, only self-efficacy was statistically significant in explaining recommended physical activity as well as physical activity participation. However, for women, benefits and barriers as well as self-efficacy significantly explained their participation of physical activity, but not the recommended physical activity. Unlike men, women's physical activity was significantly associated with sociodemographic factors. Conclusion., Gender differences found in this study should be the basis for evidence-based nursing practice. Tailored nursing interventions based on gender would improve physical activity of rural adults in Korea and beyond. Relevance to clinical practice., Nurses providing care for rural adults should know the gender differences in the determinants of physical activity and provide gender-specific interventions to improve their physical activity. [source] Menopausal symptom perception and severity: results from a screening questionnaireJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 7 2008FAANP, Judith A Berg PhD Background., Although it is widely acknowledged women experience symptoms during their transition from reproductive to postreproductive stage, there is inconsistency as to the prevalence of symptoms as well as their severity ratings. Aim and objectives., The purpose of this study was to describe symptom perception and severity in mid-life women volunteering for an intervention study for menopause symptom management. Design., A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to provide data on presenting symptoms in a sample of women negotiating the menopausal transition. Methods., A community-based sample of Caucasian women aged 43,55 years was recruited from national nursing media, local media and a variety of local community sources. A screening questionnaire was administered to determine qualification for study entry based upon symptom severity scores from the questionnaire. This report includes results from the screening questionnaire. Results., One hundred and sixty-five women were screened to obtain 110 qualified participants with mean age of 49·3 SD 3·04 years who were 4·7 SD 7 months past their last menstrual period. Sleep difficulties, forgetfulness and irritability were perceived by the highest number of women while sleep difficulties, night sweats, irritability and forgetfulness were rated the most severe. Conclusions., Findings from this study expand understanding of the menopause symptom experience, because few reports include symptom severity reports. All aspects of the symptom experience are necessary to develop appropriate interventions and to evaluate them. Relevance to clinical practice., Providing education about menopause symptoms is central to nursing practice of mid-life women. Therefore, nurses must keep abreast of current knowledge to prepare women for their transition to postreproductive phase or to reassure women who are surprised to find hot flashes are not the only symptoms encountered. [source] Stages of Change, Processes of Change, and Social Support for Exercise and Weight Gain in Postpartum WomenJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 2 2006Colleen Keller Objectives:, To test the extent to which social support and variables included in the Transtheoretical Model were explanatory for exercise initiation and weight maintenance in postpartum women. Design:, A cross-sectional descriptive design. Setting:, Data were collected in the participant's homes. Participants:, Postpartum women who had normal pregnancies were interviewed and measured on body fat, physical activity, and psychosocial scales. Main outcome measure:, (a) Stages of exercise change measure, (b) Seven Day Recall, (c) Friend and Family Support for Exercise Scale, (d) Processes of Change Questionnaire, and (e) body fat measures including body mass index and percent body fat. Results:, Forty percent reported engaging in vigorous activity less than 1 hour daily, 55% walked less than four city blocks daily, and 52% engaged in less than 2 hours of vigorous weekend activity. Multilinear regression showed that the processes of change contributed 36% to the body mass index, and 21% of the variance in waist-thigh ratio. Of the processes of change, environmental reevaluation correlated significantly with body mass index. Conclusion:, The impact of a woman's weight on others as well as information concerning the health effects of obesity and physical activity could enhance the initiation of exercise in the postpartum woman. JOGNN, 35, 232-240; 2006. DOI: 10.1111/J.1552-6909.2006.00030.x [source] Hemodialysis patient beliefs by stage of fluid adherenceRESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 2 2001Janet L. Welch Abstract Fluid limitations are difficult for hemodialysis patients to follow, and factors related to fluid adherence are not well known. The primary purpose of this study, which was guided by the health belief model and the transtheoretical model for behavior change, was to determine whether differences exist in perceived benefits, barriers, susceptibility, seriousness, or self-efficacy among individuals in different stages of fluid adherence. In a cross-sectional descriptive design, 148 persons (mean age=53.9 years; 52% male) were interviewed using a structured format. Hemodialysis patients in the action/maintenance stage perceived significantly more benefits to fluid adherence than persons in the precontemplation stage. Persons who were in the action/maintenance stage perceived they were significantly more susceptible to pulmonary edema than persons in the contemplation stage. Stage-appropriate interventions may be needed to target specific beliefsabout fluid adherence. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 24: 105,112, 2001 [source] What helps when it hurts: children's views on pain reliefCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2008L. S. Franck Abstract Background Previous studies have focused on children's views of sources of pain and only secondarily explored their views on pain-relief strategies. Methods An exploratory cross-sectional descriptive design and ,draw and write' technique were used to investigate what children think helps them when they have pain. Results The sample (n = 71) was comprised of 33% boys and 67% girls, with an age range of 4,16 years (mean ± SD: 9.25 ± 3.04). Four overarching themes were derived that were common to both the texts and drawings: ,People who help', ,What I do that helps', ,What other people do that helps' and ,Things that help'. Children also described their emotional reactions to pain or pain relief. Multiple themes were represented in most of the texts and drawings. There were few differences in the themes present in the children's texts and drawings based on developmental age and no differences based on gender. Conclusions Children across the three developmental age groups view themselves as active agents in pain relief. Although less than half of the children described specific behaviours they had taken, almost all children indicated their active role as the central figure in relation to use of objects or the actions of others. [source] | ||||||||||