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Kinds of Cross Terms modified by Cross Selected AbstractsHistometric and Histochemical Analysis of the Effect of Trichloroacetic Acid Concentration in the Chemical Reconstruction of Skin Scars MethodDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 10 2006SUNG BIN CHO MD BACKGROUND Atrophic scars can be induced by various causes, including severely inflamed acne, chicken pox, and trauma. Many treatment modalities are used for reconstructing and improving the appearance of scars with various treatment results. OBJECTIVE A recent report shows the clinical efficacy of the chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) method, which consists of the focal application of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in a higher concentration. Histometric analysis of the CROSS method, however, has not yet been established. METHODS In this study, five hairless mice were used to evaluate the effect of the CROSS method and to analyze the difference between the CROSS method and simple TCA application. RESULTS Similar histologic changes were observed in the two methods, including epidermal and dermal rejuvenation with new collagen deposition. These changes, however, were more prominent in the CROSS method,treated areas, particularly when 100% TCA was used. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that treatment of atrophic scars using the CROSS method is more effective than simple application of TCA in activating fibroblasts in the dermis and increasing the amount of collagen. [source] KERNEL MORPHOLOGY VARIATION IN A POPULATION DERIVED FROM A SOFT BY HARD WHEAT CROSS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH END-USE QUALITY TRAITS,JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 4 2000CHRISTINE J. BERGMAN ABSTRACT Physical attributes, including kernel morphology, are used to grade wheat, and indicate wheat milling and baking quality (MBQ). Using a recombinant inbred population derived from a soft by hard wheat cross, this study quantified kernel traits' sources of variation, studied their heritability, and relationships between morphological and MBQ traits. Transgressive segregation occurred for all traits. Thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and kernel texture (NIR-T) were primarily [source] Comparison of a 1,550,nm Erbium:Glass fractional laser and a chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) method in the treatment of acne scars: A simultaneous split-face trialLASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 8 2009Hee Jung Kim MD Abstract Background and Objective Acne scarring is a common complication of acne but no effective single treatment modality has been developed. To compare the efficacy of 1,550,nm Er:Glass fractional laser and chemical reconstruction of skin scar (CROSS) method in the treatment of acne scars. Study Design/Materials and Methods A split-face trial was conducted in 20 patients (10 rolling, 10 icepick types) with acne scars. One side was treated with the 1,550,nm Er:Glass fractional laser three times with a 6-week interval. And the other side was treated with CROSS method two times every 12 weeks. Results Significant improvement was observed in both sides of the face. In rolling type, the objective and subjective improvement rates were significantly higher in the sides treated with laser than CROSS method. However, in icepick type, there were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment sides. In the laser sides, grades of pain were significantly higher than that of treated with CROSS method. However, downtimes and lasting days of erythema were significantly longer in the sides treated with CROSS method. Conclusion A 1,550,nm Er:Glass fractional laser and CROSS method are both well-tolerated and effective treatment options in the acne scars. However, there was a relatively small difference between the two treatment modalities. Therefore, dermatologists should consider the acne scar type to select the treatment options. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:545,549, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] PAUL RICOEUR AT THE FOOT OF THE CROSS: NARRATIVE IDENTITY AND THE RESURRECTION OF THE BODYMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2009MICHAEL W. DeLASHMUTT This article attempts to reconcile the holistically understood and embodied philosophical anthropology indicated by Paul Ricoeur's concept of "narrative identity" with Christian personal eschatology, as realized in the bodily resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Narrative identity resonates with spiritual autobiography in the Christian tradition,evinced here by a brief comparison with the confessed self of St Augustine of Hippo,and offers to theology a means of explaining identity in a way which: 1) places care for the other firmly within the construction of one's sense of self; 2) accounts for radical change over time and 3) hints at the possibility of the in-breaking of the infinite into the finite. In this article I will contend that narrative identity provides theology with an exemplary means of framing selfhood which is ultimately congruent with the orthodox Christian belief in the resurrection of the body. [source] FROM LUTHER'S THEOLOGY OF THE CROSS TO NIETZSCHE'S PROBING FOR THE ÜBERMENSCH: GROWTH IN THE MODERN RHETORIC OF SELF-DOUBTING INTIMIDATIONTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009PATRICK MADIGAN First page of article [source] Paul, Luther, and the Cross: In Dialog with Karl DonfriedDIALOG, Issue 2 2007David A. Brondos Abstract: In response to the articles appearing in Dialog 46:1 (Spring 2007), David Brondos defends his position that in Paul's thought Christ's death did not "effect" human salvation, over against Karl Donfried's critique of that position. While Brondos and Donfried agree that Luther got the essence of Paul's gospel right and that Paul did not understand Jesus' death in terms of satisfaction or penal substitution, Brondos argues that the idea of "inclusive substitution" defended by Donfried and characteristic of the "new perspective on Paul" is foreign to the thought of both Paul and Luther. [source] Cracking the code: the genesis, use and future of the Code of ConductDISASTERS, Issue 4 2005Peter Walker Abstract This paper reflects on the genesis of the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief, on the tenth anniversary of its adoption. The origins, usage and future of the code are examined with respect to three debates, current at the time of its inception, namely: the debate about the core content of humanitarianism; the debate about coherence and the consensual nature of the humanitarian community; and the debate about the need for, and the ability to demonstrate, accountability. The paper concludes that although the Code of Conduct was very much a product of its time, its content remains relevant today. However, its future application hinges on the capacity of those who purport to follow it to realise true accountability, and on proving that the code, written essentially for natural disasters, is relevant to contemporary complex emergencies. [source] Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land , By Norman HousleyHISTORY, Issue 316 2009HELEN J. NICHOLSON No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross By David P. ForsytheHISTORY, Issue 304 2006EDWARD JOHNSON No abstract is available for this article. [source] When Parallel Paths Cross: Competition and the Elimination of Sex Segregation in the Education Fraternities, 1969-1974HISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2003Laurie Moses Hines First page of article [source] A Multimethod Multitrait Validity Assessment of Self-Construal in Japan, Korea, and the United StatesHUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005Mary J. Bresnahan A large number of previous studies have used self-construal to predict communication outcomes. Recent evidence, however, suggests that validity problems may exist in self-construal measurement. The current study conducted a multimethod multitrait (Campbell & Fiske, 1959) validation study of self-construal measures with data (total N= 578) collected in Korea (N= 200), Japan (N= 212), and the U.S. (N= 166). The data showed that the Singelis (1994) Self-Construal Scale, the Cross, Bacon, and Morris (2000) Relational Interdependent Self-Construal Scale (RISC), and the Kuhn and McPartland (1954) Twenty Statements Test (TST) lacked convergent and discriminant validity, both pan-culturally and within each of the three countries included in the study. Scores on the TST were not significantly related to scores on the self-construal scales, and the various self-construal measures correlated more highly with measures of communication directness than with alternative measures of the same type of self-construal. Substantial method effects were also observed. The results were tested for both 2- and 3-dimensional models of self-construal and for refined scales and scales with all items retained. The results of all analyses were inconsistent with the claim that self-construal measures are construct valid. [source] Palladium/Tris(tert -butyl)phosphine-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross- Couplings in the Presence of WaterADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 11-12 2010Sha Lou Abstract Dipalladiumtris(dibenzylideneacetone)/tris(tert -butyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate/potassium fluoride dihydrate [Pd2(dba)3/[HP(t- Bu)3]BF4/KF,2,H2O] serves as a mild, robust, and user-friendly method for the efficient Suzuki cross-coupling of a diverse array of aryl and heteroaryl halides with aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids. [source] Strategic giving and the nursing shortage,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT & VOLUNTARY SECTOR MARKETING, Issue 1 2006Steven G. Ullmann Health care organizations in the United States face a significant nursing shortage, which seriously impacts the quality and availability of health care. Confronting this challenge requires involvement from organizations beyond the public sector. This paper explores an initiative by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida, exemplifying the concept of ,strategic philanthropy,' to contribute their financial resources and strong institutional ties to respond to the current and future shortage of nurses in Florida. Through this intervention, the company and partnering organizations hope to benefit the health care sector, the public, and themselves from the outcomes associated with the generation of a greater supply of nurses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Luther and Kierkegaard: Theologians of the CrossINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Craig Hinkson The theologies of Kierkegaard and Luther begin with hiddenness as a necessary qualification of deity. Because God is transcendent and human reason is fallen, he cannot be directly known. To reveal himself, God must wrap himself in sensuous media that veil his deity while manifesting it. The indirect character of revelation implies a negative principle of cognition: God's nature is not recognizable in its transcendent glory, but rather in the lowliness and suffering of the cross. This epistemological principle yields virtually identical results for Kierkegaard and Luther alike, such that the term ,theologian of the cross' aptly describes each. [source] Efficient, Nickel-Catalysed Kumada,Tamao,Corriu Cross- Coupling with a Calix[4]arene-Diphosphine LigandADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 9 2009Laure Monnereau Abstract The dynamic complex cis - P,P,-(,5 -cyclopentadienyl)-{5,17-bis(diphenylphosphino)-25,26,27, 28-tetrabenzyloxycalix[4]arene}nickel(II) tetrafluoroborate (2) in which the PNiP plane undergoes a rapid fanning motion was assessed in the cross-coupling reacting between phenylmagnesium bromide (PhMgBr) and aryl halides (ArX). TOFs, of up to 21250 mol(converted ArBr),mol(2),1,h,1, were obtained with electron-rich as well as congested bromoarenes using catalyst loadings as low as 1×10,3,mol%, provided that the reactions were carried out at 100,°C in dioxane with a PhMgBr/ArX ratio of 2:1. The high activities observed contrast with those observed for triphenylphosphine-based catalysts and furthermore, outperforms the fastest diphosphine-based catalysts reported, a behaviour which is likely to rely on a bite angle effect. [source] Levels of quality management of blood transfusion services in EuropeISBT SCIENCE SERIES: THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT, Issue 1 2008C. Seidl The European blood legislation has defined several key quality elements to achieve Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in the field of blood transfusion. During the recent years, the blood legislation is in the process of implementation throughout its member states. Following the Directive 2002/98/EC, Directive 2005/62/EC has given further requirements for quality-management systems to be fulfilled by blood establishments. In addition, GMP/Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and ISO standards are used inter alia by blood establishments. In order to support the implementation of the blood legislation, the European Public Health Work Plan (2005/2007) has cofunded two projects, led by the German Red Cross and supported by the European Blood Alliance, delivering a common European Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) methodology (EU-Q-Blood-SOP) and criteria and standards for the inspection of blood establishments (EUBIS). The EU-SOP manual will assist blood establishments in preparing for the inspection of their services related to the implementation of quality relevant elements required by the EU Directive 2002/98/EC and its technical annexes. The standards and criteria for inspection of blood establishments will cross-reference existing quality standards to the directive requirements and define requirements for the structure of quality-management systems based on the directive 2002/98/EC and its technical annexes. Based on these requirements, inspection standards and criteria are developed to assist in the independent assessment of quality systems established by individual blood establishments. These assessments are done in relation to the requirements defined by the European Union legislation on blood, in order to safeguard the quality of blood and to achieve continuous improvement of its quality throughout Europe. [source] The American Rare Donor Programme , a collaborative programme of the American Red Cross and the AABBISBT SCIENCE SERIES: THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT, Issue 1 2006S. Nance No abstract is available for this article. [source] Genetic Regulation of Bone Traits Is Influenced by Sex and Reciprocal Cross in F2 Progeny From GK and F344 Rats,,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 6 2009Sofia Lagerholm Abstract A genome-wide linkage analysis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for bone phenotypes was performed in an F2 intercross of inbred spontaneously type 2 diabetic GK and normoglycemic F344 rats (108 males and 98 females). The aim of the study was to locate genome regions with candidate genes affecting trabecular and cortical bone and to investigate the effects of sex and reciprocal cross. pQCT was used to determine tibial bone phenotypes in the F2 rats, comprising reciprocal crosses with divergent mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Sex and reciprocal cross-separated QTL analyses were performed followed by assessment of specific interactions. Four genome-wide significant QTLs linked to either cortical vBMD, tibia length, body length, or metaphyseal area were identified in males on chromosomes (chr) 1, 8, and 15. In females, three significant QTLs linked to cortical BMC or metaphyseal total vBMD were identified on chr 1 and 2. Several additional suggestive loci for trabecular and cortical traits were detected in both males and females. Four female-specific QTLs on chr 2, 3, 5, and 10 and four reciprocal cross-specific QTLs on chr 1, 10, and 18 were identified, suggesting that both sex and mt genotype influence the expression of bone phenotypes. [source] The Interaction of Solvency with Liquidity and its Association with Bankruptcy EmergenceJOURNAL OF BUSINESS FINANCE & ACCOUNTING, Issue 7-8 2002Daniel M. Bryan Prior research has shown that accounting information available prior to a bankruptcy is associated with the likelihood of bankruptcy. We show that additionally, the accounting information available prior to bankruptcy is associated with whether or not a firm will emerge from bankruptcy. We predict that firms that exhibit low solvency risk and high liquidity risk are most likely to emerge from bankruptcy. Firms that exhibit high solvency risk and high liquidity risk are predicted to be least likely to emerge from bankruptcy. Cross,sectionally, our results support these predictions, but our findings differ across large and small firms. [source] Improving Wikipedia's accuracy: Is edit age a solution?JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Brendan Luyt Wikipedia is fast becoming a key information source for many despite criticism that it is unreliable and inaccurate. A number of recommendations have been made to sort the chaff from the wheat in Wikipedia, among which is the idea of color-coding article segment edits according to age (Cross, 2006). Using data collected as part of a wider study published in Nature, this article examines the distribution of errors throughout the life of a select group of Wikipedia articles. The survival time of each "error edit" in terms of the edit counts and days was calculated and the hypothesis that surviving material added by older edits is more trustworthy was tested. Surprisingly, we find that roughly 20% of errors can be attributed to surviving text added by the first edit, which confirmed the existence of a "first-mover" effect (Viegas, Wattenberg, & Kushal, 2004) whereby material added by early edits are less likely to be removed. We suggest that the sizable number of errors added by early edits is simply a result of more material being added near the beginning of the life of the article. Overall, the results do not provide support for the idea of trusting surviving segments attributed to older edits because such edits tend to add more material and hence contain more errors which do not seem to be offset by greater opportunities for error correction by later edits. [source] Saved from Sacrifice: A Theology of the Cross , By S. Mark HeimMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Ben Fulford No abstract is available for this article. [source] RACE, RELIGION, AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF IDENTITY: A THEOLOGICAL ENGAGEMENT WITH DOUGLASS's 1845 NARRATIVEMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2005J. KAMERON CARTER This essay is about identity and the place of religion and theology in how it is thought about and performed. I purse this subject through a theologically informed reading of the 1845 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Taking Douglass's Narrative as emblematic of how identity continues to be conceived, I explain what is promising in the close link forged between religion, theology and culture. The promise of Douglass's Narrative resides in the emancipatory politics of race that it produces and the creative use of the theology of Easter in that politics. But I also explore the contradictions arising from that link,in particular, Douglass's oppressive gender politics. To overcome this problem, I conclude the article by pushing Douglass's cultural reading of identity and the Cross in a more robust theological direction, a direction that gestures towards a theology of Israel and of Pentecost. [source] A Delicate Knowledge: Epistemology, Homosexuality, and St. John of the CrossMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Christopher Hinkle In light of the intractable disagreements, both theological and theoretical, which emerge at every turn in contemporary discussions of homosexuality and religion, this essay advances an epistemological approach to the discussion. The advantage of an epistemological approach is that it sidesteps many of the narrow denominational discussions, making almost no reference to Romans, to natural law, or to a sexual ethic based on love and mutuality. By drawing upon analytic philosophy of religion (Alvin Plantinga and Richard Swinburne specifically), I hope to show how a failure explicitly to face epistemological challenges has undermined pro-gay claims and arguments and contributed to religious confusion. Constructively, the work of St. John the Cross helpfully offers a powerful epistemological vision that importantly supplements the analytic projects of Plantinga and Swinburne, thereby helping us comprehend more fully what is implied and required in justified pro-gay religious conviction. [source] The Machete and the Cross: Campesino Rebellion in Yucatan: The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom: Río Azul: An Ancient Maya CityAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2001Anabel Ford The Machete and the Cross: Campesino Rebellion in Yucatan. Don E. Dumond. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.571pp. The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom. Grant D. Jones. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998.568 pp. Río Azul: An Ancient Maya City. Richard E. W. Adams. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999. 238 pp. [source] Gullah Culture in America by Wilbur CrossAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 2 2009FRANKLIN O. SMITH No abstract is available for this article. [source] Paul's Message of the Cross as Body Language , By Wenhua ShiRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 4 2009John K. Goodrich No abstract is available for this article. [source] Christ Crucified: A 21st-Century Missiology of the Cross , By Mark W. ThomsenRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2009William R. Burrows No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Scandalous God: The Use and Abuse of the Cross , By Victor WesthelleRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 2 2008Don E. Peavy No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Common Law Power of the Legislature: Insurer Conversions and Charitable FundsTHE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2005JILL R. HORWITZ New York's Empire Blue Cross and Blue Shield conversion from nonprofit to for-profit form has considerable legal significance. Three aspects of the conversion make the case unique: the role of the state legislature in directing the disposition of the conversion assets, the fact that it made itself the primary beneficiary of those assets, and the actions of the state attorney general defending the state rather than the public interest in the charitable assets. Drawing on several centuries of common law rejecting the legislative power to direct the disposition of charitable funds, this article argues that the legislature lacked power to control the conversion and direct the disposition of its proceeds and that its actions not only undermined the nonprofit form but also raised constitutional concerns. [source] The Impact of Blue Cross Conversions on Accessibility, Affordability, and the Public InterestTHE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2003MARK A. HALL For-profit organization in health care delivery has been a major public policy issue least since at least the 1980s, driven by the growth of for-profit hospital chains and a wave of conversions by nonprofit hospitals. As significant as these events have been, however, they pale in comparison with the potential impact of conversions by Blue Cross and/or Blue Shield plans (which we refer to generically as Blue Cross, abbreviated BC). Because Blue Cross plans are the largest health insurer in almost every state (or substate region where they operate), these conversions could remake the corporate landscape of health care finance. Although BC plans no longer hold the overwhelming market share they enjoyed 50 years ago (when they commanded more than two-thirds of the commercial market; see Blackstone and Fuhr 1998), their share still is considerable. Blue Cross controls at least half the individual market in 33 states and more than a third of the group market in 29 states (Chollet, Kirk, and Chow 2000; McCann 2003). [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||