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Adrenergic Innervation (adrenergic + innervation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences60%

Selected Abstracts

Substance induced plasticity in noradrenergic innervation of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 2 2003
Arthur S. P. Jansen
Abstract Single administration of the cytokine interleukin-1, (IL-1), or the psychostimulant amphetamine, enhanced adrenocorticotropin hormone and corticosterone responses to a stress challenge weeks later. This long-lasting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-sensitization is paralleled by an increase in electrically evoked release of noradrenaline in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). We hypothesized that these functional changes may be associated with morphological plasticity of noradrenergic projections to the PVN, a parameter that shows high reproducibility. Specific alterations in relative (nor)adrenergic innervation density were studied by using dopamine-,-hydroxylase (DBH) as a marker. An image analysis system was used to detect changes in the relative DBH innervation density of the PVN. Groups of adult male rats were given IL-1 (10 µg/kg i.p.), amphetamine (5 mg/kg i.p.), or saline. Three weeks later, IL-1 and amphetamine primed rats showed enhanced adrenocorticotropin hormone and corticosterone responses to an amphetamine challenge. In another set of experiments, the relative DBH innervation density was measured in different PVN subnuclei at four rostro-caudal levels. Single administration of either IL-1 or amphetamine causes three weeks later a selective decrease in relative DBH innervation density in those subnuclei of the PVN that contain high numbers of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) producing neurons: the dorsal parvocellular and medial parvocellular PVN. We conclude that (1) long-lasting sensitization induced by single exposure to IL-1 and amphetamine induces specific pattern of neuroplastic changes in (nor)adrenergic innervation in the PVN and (2) reduction of relative DBH innervation density in CRH-rich areas is associated with paradoxical increase of electrically evoked release of (nor)adrenaline. [source]

Effect of propranolol plus exercise on melatonin and growth hormone levels in children with growth delay

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2001
A. Muñoz-Hoyos
The pineal gland in humans is under both ,- and ,-adrenergic control, although it seems that ,1 -adrenoceptors are mainly implicated in melatonin secretion. In the present study, we evaluated the role of ,-adrenergic innervation on melatonin production and its relation with the production of growth hormone (GH). Thirty-four children (15 males and 19 females, mean age 10.5±0.8 years) from the University of Granada Hospital were studied. The children were included in a protocol for the evaluation of growth delay using the propranolol+exercise test. This standardized test allowed us to study simultaneously the role of an unspecific ,-adrenergic blocker such as propranolol and of an adrenergic stimulus such as exercise on the pineal production of melatonin. Changes in plasma levels of melatonin and GH were determined at basal, 120 and 140 min after the test was applied. Hormonal determinations were carried out by commercial radioimmunoassay kits previously standardized in our laboratory. The results show a significant decrease in plasma melatonin levels at 120 and 140 min after the test (P<0.05), whereas GH levels increased significantly at 140 min (P<0.001). The decrease of melatonin levels was a consequence of the test, since in a control group, the circadian decay of melatonin was significantly less pronounced (P<0.05). These data suggest an inverse relationship between melatonin and GH after the propranolol+exercise test, and the reduction in melatonin may be related to its depletion by exercise-induced oxidative stress. [source]

Adrenergic and Cholinergic Innervation of the Mammary Gland in the Pig

ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 1 2002
A. FRANKE-RADOWIECKA
Adrenergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive (AChE-positive) innervation of the mammary gland in the sexually immature and mature pigs was studied using histochemical methods. Upon examining the adrenergic and cholinergic innervation, the adrenergic innervation was found to be much more developed. The majority of both sub-populations of the nerve fibres studied was localized in the subcutaneous tissue of the mammary gland. Adrenergic and AChE-positive nerve fibres also supplied structures of the nipple (subcutaneous tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscles fibres) and glandular tissue (blood vessels, lactiferous ducts). The glandular tissue contained the smallest number of adrenergic and AChE-positive nerve fibres. No distinct differences were observed in the adrenergic and AChE-positive innervation of the porcine mammary gland between the juvenile and non-pregnant adult animals. [source]

Skin sympathetic adrenergic innervation: An immunofluorescence confocal study

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2006
Vincenzo Donadio MD
Objective The aim of this study was to characterize sympathetic adrenergic innervation of the skin in healthy subjects using dopamine , hydroxylase (D,H) as a specific marker for noradrenergic fibers. Methods Sympathetic adrenergic innervation of human skin was studied in 10 healthy subjects by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy applied to punch skin biopsies. Noradrenergic fibers were identified both in glabrous and hairy skin using D,H antibody. Results D,H immunoreactive fibers were mainly localized in arteriovenous anastomoses, arrector pilorum muscles, and arterioles, whereas few adrenergic fibers were found around sweat glands. Interpretation Our description of sympathetic adrenergic innervation of human skin aims to improve the diagnostic ability of skin biopsy to detect selective autonomic nervous system disorders. Ann Neurol 2006;59;376,381 [source]