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Adrenergic Blocker (adrenergic + blocker)
Selected AbstractsEffect of propranolol plus exercise on melatonin and growth hormone levels in children with growth delayJOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2001A. Muñoz-Hoyos The pineal gland in humans is under both ,- and ,-adrenergic control, although it seems that ,1 -adrenoceptors are mainly implicated in melatonin secretion. In the present study, we evaluated the role of ,-adrenergic innervation on melatonin production and its relation with the production of growth hormone (GH). Thirty-four children (15 males and 19 females, mean age 10.5±0.8 years) from the University of Granada Hospital were studied. The children were included in a protocol for the evaluation of growth delay using the propranolol+exercise test. This standardized test allowed us to study simultaneously the role of an unspecific ,-adrenergic blocker such as propranolol and of an adrenergic stimulus such as exercise on the pineal production of melatonin. Changes in plasma levels of melatonin and GH were determined at basal, 120 and 140 min after the test was applied. Hormonal determinations were carried out by commercial radioimmunoassay kits previously standardized in our laboratory. The results show a significant decrease in plasma melatonin levels at 120 and 140 min after the test (P<0.05), whereas GH levels increased significantly at 140 min (P<0.001). The decrease of melatonin levels was a consequence of the test, since in a control group, the circadian decay of melatonin was significantly less pronounced (P<0.05). These data suggest an inverse relationship between melatonin and GH after the propranolol+exercise test, and the reduction in melatonin may be related to its depletion by exercise-induced oxidative stress. [source] Assessment of the intrinsic urethral sphincter component function in postprostatectomy urinary incontinenceNEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 3 2002Christian Pfister Abstract Postprostatectomy incontinence remains a disabling condition. Sphincter injury, detrusor instability, and decreased bladder compliance have been previously reported as major factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urethral sphincter intrinsic component, which may provide passive continence. A urodynamic evaluation was performed in 20 patients undergoing a radical retropubic prostatectomy in the preoperative period and 3 months after surgery. Patients with disabled urinary incontinence underwent a new urodynamic evaluation 6 months later. The urethral pressure profile was measured just before, then 10, 20, and 30 minutes after the injection of 0.5 mg/kg moxisylyte chlorhydrate, an alpha adrenergic blocker. Three different pressure components were defined in urethral sphincter capacity: baseline, adrenergic, and voluntary. A postoperative intrinsic urethral sphincter pressure component was found in 17 patients and its value was under 6 cm H2O in five cases of severe incontinence. No significant difference was observed for these patients on urethral profile components 6 months later. In contrast, in cases of significant intrinsic component value, no incontinence was observed in most patients. Passive continence after radical prostatectomy should be a matter of concern and may also explain paradoxical incontinence, despite high voluntary urethral pressure obtained after reeducation. A follow-up evaluation of the intrinsic sphincter component is suggested, by using an alpha receptor blockage test during urodynamic studies in the management of patients with postprostatectomy incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:194,197, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Application of liquid chromatography,Tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of new nonselective ,-adrenergic blocker 1-(1- H -indol-4-yloxy)-3-{[2-(2-methoxy phenoxy)ethylo]amino}propan-2-ol (2F109) in rat plasmaCHIRALITY, Issue 7 2007Maria Walczak Abstract A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography electrospray ionization,tandem mass spectrometry method for the enantioselective determination of the novel ,-adrenolytic compound, 1-(1- H -indol-4-yloxy)-3-{[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylo]amino} propan-2-ol, in rat plasma has been developed and validated. Chromatography was performed on a reversed-phase Chiralcel OD-RH analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 ,m, Daicel Chemical Industries, Tokyo, Japan) with isocratic elution using a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and water with 0.01% formic acid. Detection was achieved by an Applied Biosystems MDS Sciex (Concord, Ontario, Canada) API 2000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Electrospray ionization (ESI) was used for ion production. The limit of detection in the MRM mode was found to be 1.25 ng/ml. The limit of quantification of both enantiomers was 2.5 ng/ml. The precision and accuracy for both intra- and inter-day determination of 2F109 enantiomers ranged from 2.6 to 12% and from 89.1 to 107.1%. This analytical method allowed us to carry out pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Our findings demonstrate that 2F109 shows stereoselective disposition in rat plasma after i.v. administration. The terminal half-lives of (+)-(R)-2F109 and (,)-(S)-2F109 were 33.5 and 42.6 min, respectively. The AUC0,inf of (+)-(R)-2F109 exceeded that of (,)-(S)-2F109. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] REVIEW: Norepinephrine and stimulant addictionADDICTION BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Mehmet Sofuoglu ABSTRACT No pharmacotherapies are approved for stimulant use disorders, which are an important public health problem. Stimulants increase synaptic levels of the monoamines dopamine (DA), serotonin and norepinephrine (NE). Stimulant reward is attributable mostly to increased DA in the reward circuitry, although DA stimulation alone cannot explain the rewarding effects of stimulants. The noradrenergic system, which uses NE as the main chemical messenger, serves multiple brain functions including arousal, attention, mood, learning, memory and stress response. In pre-clinical models of addiction, NE is critically involved in mediating stimulant effects including sensitization, drug discrimination and reinstatement of drug seeking. In clinical studies, adrenergic blockers have shown promise as treatments for cocaine abuse and dependence, especially in patients experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms. Disulfiram, which blocks NE synthesis, increased the number of cocaine-negative urines in five randomized clinical trials. Lofexidine, an ,2 -adrenergic agonist, reduces the craving induced by stress and drug cues in drug users. In addition, the NE transporter (NET) inhibitor atomoxetine attenuates some of d-amphetamine's subjective and physiological effects in humans. These findings warrant further studies evaluating noradrenergic medications as treatments for stimulant addiction. [source] A meta-analysis of the vascular-related safety profile and efficacy of ,-adrenergic blockers for symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasiaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 10 2008J. C. Nickel Summary Objectives:, To evaluate the safety profile and efficacy of ,1-adrenergic receptor blockers (A1Bs) currently prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Data sources:, A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database and the Food and Drug Administration Web site through December 2006 identified double-blinded, prospective, placebo-controlled trials, evaluating agents commercially available by prescription for the symptomatic treatment of BPH. Review methods:, Data were reviewed by two investigators with the use of a standardised data abstraction form. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the Jadad scale. Studies with a score of < 3 were considered of weaker methodology. Results:, Of 2389 potential citations, 25 were usable for evaluation of safety data, 26 for efficacy. A1B use was associated with a statistically significant increase in the odds of developing a vascular-related event [odds ratio (OR) 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.00,3.24; p < 0.0001]. The odds of developing a vascular-related adverse event were: alfuzosin, OR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.17,2.36; terazosin, OR 3.71, 95% CI: 2.48,5.53; doxazosin, OR 3.32, 95% CI: 2.10,5.23 and tamsulosin, OR 1.42, 95% CI: 0.99,2.05. A1Bs increased Qmax by 1.32 ml/min (95% CI: 1.07,1.57) compared with placebo. Difference from placebo in American Urological Association symptom index/International Prostate Symptom Score was ,1.92 points (95% CI: ,2.71 to ,1.14). Conclusions:, Alfuzosin, terazosin and doxazosin showed a statistically significant increased risk of developing vascular-related events compared with placebo. Tamsulosin showed a numerical increase that was not statistically significant. All agents significantly improved Qmax and symptom signs compared with placebo. [source] | |||||||||||||