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AD Skin (ad + skin)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Effect of the lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus on stratum corneum ceramide levels and signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis patients

EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
Luisa Di Marzio
Abstract:, A reduced amount of total ceramides could be responsible for functional abnormalities of the skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. The ability of an experimental cream containing sonicated Streptococcus thermophilus to increase skin ceramide levels in healthy subjects has been previously reported. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of the topical administration of a S. thermophilus -containing cream on ceramide levels of stratum corneum from AD patients. A 2-week application of the cream, containing a sonicated preparation of the lactic acid bacterium S. thermophilus, in the forearm skin of 11 patients led to a significant and relevant increase of skin ceramide amounts, which could have resulted from the sphingomyelin hydrolysis through the bacterial sphingomyelinase. Moreover, in all patients the topical application of our experimental cream also resulted in the improvement of the signs and symptoms characteristic of AD skin (i.e. erythema, scaling, pruritus). [source]

Reduced expression of nicotinic , subunits 3, 7, 9 and 10 in lesional and nonlesional atopic dermatitis skin but enhanced expression of , subunits 3 and 5 in mast cells

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
F. Kindt
Summary Background, The skin cholinergic signalling system is modulated in atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives, To investigate of the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the pathogenesis of AD. Methods, We investigated the expression and localization of nAChR , subunits in AD by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry of biopsies from lesional and nonlesional areas of AD skin and of skin biopsies from healthy control persons. Results, Our data demonstrate the presence of mRNA and protein of the nAChR , subunits 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 in keratinocytes and mast cells in healthy and AD skin. Expression of the , subunits 3, 7, 9 and 10 was generally reduced in the skin of patients with AD whereas mast cells in AD but not in healthy skin showed ,3 and ,5 subunit immunoreactivity. Differences in the subunit mRNA levels between lesional and nonlesional skin were obtained for the , subunits 3, 9 and 10 with higher levels of ,3 but lower levels of ,10 subunit mRNA in lesional areas. No differences in the expression of the , subunits was found between the groups of extrinsic, intrinsic or mixed AD types, between genders and between smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusions, This supports the idea that the cholinergic system is dysregulated independently from inflammation in AD and that inflammation further modulates individual nAChR subunits. [source]

The squamous cell carcinoma antigens as relevant biomarkers of atopic dermatitis

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 10 2005
K. Mitsuishi
Summary Background Although it is thought that both Th1- and Th2-type inflammations are involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), it is controversial which immune response is more involved in regulating the clinical severity of AD. We recently found that the squamous cell carcinoma antigens 1 (SCCA1) and SCCA2 are novel biomarkers of bronchial asthma, downstream of IL-4 and IL-13. Objective We examined whether SCCA1 and SCCA2 could also serve as biomarkers of AD, reflecting its Th2-type immune responses, and whether the expression level of SCCA was correlated with clinical severity of AD. Method We compared the expression of SCCA1 and SCCA2 at the mRNA and protein levels in both involved and uninvolved skin of AD patients and in normal control skin. We next analysed induction of SCCA by IL-4 or IL-13 in keratinocytes. Finally, we compared the serum level of SCCA with laboratory parameters reflecting Th2-type inflammation and clinical severity in AD patients. Results SCCA1 and SCCA2 were highly expressed in involved skin of AD patients, compared with their uninvolved skin, at both mRNA and protein levels. SCCA protein was dominantly expressed in suprabasal keratinocytes in the epidermis of AD patients. Either IL-4 or IL-13, but not IFN-, or TNF, induced production of SCCA in keratinocytes. These result suggest that SCCA is induced in AD skin, probably due to direct actions of IL-4 and/or IL-13 on keratinocytes. Serum levels of SCCA were well correlated with eosinophil numbers and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, and weakly with serum IgE levels, in AD patients. Furthermore, serum levels of SCCA were strongly correlated with clinical severity. Conclusions Th2-type inflammation dominantly regulates the clinical severity of AD, and SCCA is a relevant biomarker of AD, reflecting both Th2-type inflammation and clinical severity. [source]

Biophysical assessment of atopic dermatitis skin and effects of a moisturizer

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
L. Hagströmer
Summary Background., The mechanisms of the skin barrier impairment in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are still unknown and need further studying. Objective., We evaluated the skin of healthy subjects and of patients having atopic dermatitis with an instrument measuring electrical impedance and other noninvasive methods (transepidermal water loss, capacitance) and studied the effects of a new emollient [ProdermÔ (Pro-QÔ in the USA)]. Methods., After a 2-week washout period, we treated clinically noneczematous skin on the forearm of 24 patients with AD and assessed the effects with the noninvasive methods. 22 healthy subjects were used as controls. Results., The findings indicate that barrier function and hydration, and certain patterns of electrical impedance of AD skin are abnormal compared with normal skin. Moreover, there was an increase in hydration in patients' skin after treatment and a reversal of certain impedance indices towards normal. Conclusions., Our findings demonstrate that the moisturizer we used changes some biophysical parameters when applied to atopic skin. In addition, a technique based on electrical impedance seems to give valuable information in atopic skin studies, especially the effects of moisturizers. [source]