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Cost-reducing Innovation (cost-reducing + innovation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting100%

Selected Abstracts

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER UNDER RETURNS TO SCALE*

THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 3 2009
DEBAPRIYA SEN
In this paper we consider the licensing of a cost-reducing innovation by an outside innovator that uses optimal combinations of upfront fees and royalties in a Cournot duopoly characterized by non-constant returns to scale. The main conclusion of our theoretical analysis is that incidence of positive royalties and diffusion of innovations are both inversely related to economies of scale. Our analysis provides a plausible explanation of the variation of licensing policies across industries. [source]

SUBSIDY IN LICENSING: OPTIMALITY AND WELFARE IMPLICATIONS*

THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 3 2005
CHUN-HSIUNG LIAO
This paper shows that subsidy can naturally emerge as part of the equilibrium strategy of an innovator of a cost-reducing innovation in a Cournot oligopoly when the innovator is endowed with combinations of upfront fee and royalty. It is further shown that there are robust regions where the social welfare is higher in subsidy-based licensing compared to the regime where licensing involving subsidy is not allowed. The analysis is carried out for both outsider and incumbent innovators. [source]

The Relevance of Bargaining for the Licensing of a Cost-reducing Innovation*

BULLETIN OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Issue 2 2001
José J. Sempere Monerris
In the context of a Cournot duopoly, this paper studies the licensing of a cost-reducing innovation by means of three possible allocation mechanisms: auction, fixed fee, and direct negotiation. Once the use of an arbitrary reserve price (which is not credible) has been excluded, it is no longer true that auction always yields higher profit to the patentee than a fixed fee. However, the authors propose a direct negotiation mechanism which restores the patentee's profit to the level of an auction with an arbitrary reserve price (which is unimplementable). Direct negotiation is superior to both an auction with a nonarbitrary reserve price and a fixed fee. From the social point of view, however, licensing with a fixed fee is the best option. [source]

Selling licences for a process innovation: the impact of the product market on the selling mechanism

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2008
Aniruddha Bagchi
Abstract., This article considers the sale by a research lab of licences for a cost-reducing innovation. The marginal cost of a firm that wins a licence is private information and the acquisition of a licence imposes a negative externality on the other firms. The lab's optimal revenue is determined from a class of mechanisms in which the lab selects the number of licences and the reserve price before the sale. The role of the downstream product market in the determination of the number of licences is analyzed. Furthermore, it is also shown that the optimal reserve price may be zero. Ce mémoire étudie la vente par un laboratoire de recherche de licences pour l'utilisation d'une innovation qui réduit les coûts. Le coût marginal de la firme qui obtient la licence est une information qui demeure privée, et cette acquisition impose un effet externe négatif sur les autres firmes. Le revenu optimal du laboratoire est déterminé par le choix qu'il fait dans une classe de mécanismes: le laboratoire peut choisir le nombre de licences qu'il émettra et le prix le plus bas auquel il est prêt à vendre. On analyse le rôle de la nature du marché du produit en aval sur le nombre de licences. On montre aussi que le prix optimal auquel on voudra vendre peut être zéro. [source]