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Selected AbstractsElectrochemically Initiated Catalytic Oxidation of 5-Thio-2-Nitrobenzoic Acid (TNBA) in the Presence of Thiols at a Boron Doped Diamond Electrode: Implications for Total Thiol DetectionELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 21 2003Olga Nekrassova Abstract The electrochemical response of 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) to increasing additions of thiol species has been examined at a boron doped diamond electrode. A reaction has been shown to occur with a range of biologically relevant thiols and proceeds via a CECC' process. A total thiol detection methodology has been developed showing that the sensitivities of the standard addition plots are independent of the individual thiol species added to the solution. The analytical utility of the reaction process has been assessed using chronoamperometry with the corresponding data producing detection limits of 5.7,,M, 4.4,,M and 5.8,,M for the detection of cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione respectively. [source] In vivo effects of mesalazine or E. coli Nissle 1917 on microsatellite instability in ulcerative colitisALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 6 2009A. GOEL Summary Background, Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in chronically inflamed colorectal tissue and may evolve to colitis-associated cancer. In vitro data suggest that mesalazine (5-ASA) improves MSI. Aim, To analyse the changes in MSI in 156 distal colonic biopsies of 39 patients with ulcerative colitis that had been treated within a randomized, double-blind trial comparing 5-ASA with E. coli Nissle (EcN). Methods, Two biopsies had been collected before and after 1 year of treatment. MSI testing was performed using a panel of eight markers, including 3 dinucleotide and 5 mononucleotide repeats. Results, No MSI was observed with any of the mono-repeats, and among dinucleotide repeats, only D5S346 (maps to APC) and D17S250 (p53) were consistently informative. Overall, 31/156 (20%) biopsies displayed MSI. After 1 year, 3/11 patients displayed MSI improvement [change to microsatellite stability (MSS); 1 on 5-ASA, 2 on EcN] at D5S346 and 4/11 showed MSI worsening (change from MSS to MSI; all 5-ASA). For D17S250, the corresponding data were for 3/9 patients (2 on 5-ASA, 1 on EcN) and 2/9 (both on 5-ASA), respectively. Conclusions, In the set of biopsies taken from patients treated with 1.5 g 5-ASA for 1 year, there was no improvement in the prevalence of MSI in the distal colon. [source] Confirmed association between neonatal phototherapy or neonatal icterus and risk of childhood asthmaPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4p2 2010Sara Aspberg Aspberg S, Dahlquist G, Kahan T, Källén B. Confirmed association between neonatal phototherapy or neonatal icterus and risk of childhood asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: e733,e739. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S We have previously demonstrated an association between neonatal phototherapy and/or neonatal icterus and risk of hospitalization for childhood asthma. This study included children who were prescribed anti-asthmatic medication on a population basis to study exposures during the foetal and neonatal period and risk of childhood asthma. The Swedish Medical Birth Register was linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Perinatal data for singleton children who were prescribed anti-asthmatic medication (n = 61 256) were compared with corresponding data for all singleton children born in Sweden from 1 January 1990 to 30 June 2003 and surviving to 1 July 2005 (n = 1 338 319). Mantel,Haenszel's odds ratios were calculated after adjustment for various known confounders. Being the first-born child, maternal age above 44 yr, involuntary childlessness for more than 1 yr, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal diabetes mellitus of any kind, pre-eclampsia, caesarean section, and instrumental vaginal delivery were all associated with an increased prescription of anti-asthmatic medication during childhood. Preterm birth, low birth weight, being small for gestational age, respiratory problems, mechanical ventilation, and sepsis and/or pneumonia were also associated with increased drug prescriptions. Neonatal phototherapy and/or icterus were risk determinants for children who developed asthma before the age of 12. After controlling for confounders, the odds ratio for phototherapy and/or icterus remained at 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.16,1.47). In conclusion, this large population-based study confirms an association between some maternal and perinatal factors and childhood asthma, including neonatal phototherapy and/or icterus. [source] Refill adherence for patients with asthma and COPD: comparison of a pharmacy record database with manually collected repeat prescriptions,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 4 2007Kristin Krigsman MSc Abstract Purpose To compare refill adherence data based on two different methods of data capturing, that is, manually collected repeat prescriptions and a pharmacy record database. Methods The study comprised a comparison of adherence data from manually collected repeat prescriptions of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drugs with fixed dosages dispensed in 2002 and the corresponding data from a pharmacy record database. Data were collected in the county of Jämtland in Sweden. Refill adherence was calculated for the different collection methods. Results Data from 285 manually collected repeat prescriptions for asthma/COPD drugs for 2002 showed that 35% of the prescribings had been satisfactory refilled, while 42% showed an undersupply and 23% an oversupply. The pharmacy record database had 490 prescribings for asthma/COPD drugs registered in 2002, 28% of these had a satisfactory refill adherence, while 43% showed an undersupply, and 29% an oversupply. Based on the database it could be shown that 11% of the individuals had used more than one repeat prescription of the same medicine during 2002. Based on the pharmacy record database for 1999,2002, it was shown that 29% of the prescribings had been satisfactory refilled whereas undersupply increased (53%) and oversupply decreased (18%) as compared to the 1-year data. Conclusions Refill adherence determined from manually collected repeat prescriptions and from a pharmacy record database did not differ for a 1-year period. Four-year data might give a better overview of patients' refill adherence than 1-year data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Morpho-physical Recording of Bovine Conceptus (Bos indicus) and Placenta from Days 20 to 70 of PregnancyREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 5 2010AC Assis Neto Contents The study is based on 141 pregnant Bos indicus cows, from days 20 to 70 post-insemination. First, special attention was given to the macroscopically observable phenomena of attachment of the conceptus to the uterus, i.e. the implantation, from about days 20 to 30 post-insemination up to day 70, and placentome development by growth, vascularization and increase in the number of cotyledons opposite to the endometrial caruncles. Secondly, as for the conceptuses, semiquantitative, statistical analyses were performed of the lengths of chorio-allantois, amnion and yolk sac; and the different parts of the centre and two extremes of the yolk sacs were also analysed. Thirdly, the embryos/foetuses corresponding to their membranes were measured by their greatest length and by weight, and described by the appearance of external developmental phenomena during the investigated period like neurulation, somites, branchial arcs, brain vesicles, limb buds, C-form, pigmented eye and facial grooves. In conclusion, all the data collected in this study from days 20 to 70 of bovine pregnancy were compared extensively with corresponding data of the literature. This resulted in an ,embryo/foetal age-scale', which has extended the data in the literature by covering the first 8 to 70 days of pregnancy. This age-scale of early bovine intrauterine development provides model for studies, even when using slaughtered cows without distinct knowledge of insemination or fertilization time, through macroscopic techniques. This distinctly facilitates research into the cow, which is now being widely used as ,an experimental animal' for testing new techniques of reproduction like in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer and cloning. [source] Gas hold-up in bubble columns: Operation with concentrated slurries versus high viscosity liquidTHE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2000Rajamani Krishna Abstract The hydrodynamics of bubble columns with concentrated slurries of paraffin oil (density, ,L = 790 kg/m3; viscosity, ,L = 0.0029 Pa·s; surface tension, , = 0.028 N·m1) containing silica particles (mean particle diameter dp = 38 ,m) has been studied in columns of three different diameters, 0.1, 0.19 and 0.38 m. With increasing particle concentration, the total gas hold-up decreases significantly. This decrease is primarily caused by the destruction of the small bubble population. The hold-up of large bubbles is practically independent of the slurry concentration. The measured gas hold-up with the 36% v paraffin oil slurry shows remarkable agreement with the corresponding data obtained with Tellus oil (,L = 862 kg/m3; ,L = 0.075 Pa·s; , = 0.028 N·m,1) as the liquid phase. Dynamic gas disengagement experiments confirm that the gas dispersion in Tellus oil also consists predominantly of large bubbles. The large bubble hold-up is found to decrease significantly with increasing column diameter. A model is developed for estimation of the large bubble gas hold-up by introduction of an wake-acceleration factor into the Davies-Taylor-Collins relation (Collins, 1967), describing the influence of the column diameter on the rise velocity of an isolated spherical cap bubble. On a étudié dans des colonnes de trois diamètres différents, soient 0,1, 0,19 et 0,38 m, l'hydrodynamique de colonnes à bulles avec des suspensions concentrées d'huile de paraffine (masse volumique, ,L = 790 kg/m3; viscosité, ,L = 0,0029 Pa·s; tension de surface, , = 0,028 N·m,1) contenant des particules de silice (diamètre moyen des particules dp = 38 ,m). Lorsque la concentration de particules augmente, la rétention de gaz totale diminue considérablement. Cette diminution est principalement due à la destruction de la population de petites bulles. La rétention de grosses bulles est pratiquement indépendante de la concentration des suspensions. La rétention de gaz mesurée avec la suspension d'huile paraffine à 36% volumique concorde remarquablement bien avec les données correspondantes obtenues avec de l'huile de Tellus (,L = 86 kg/m,3; ,L = 0,075 Pa·s; , = 0,028 N·m,1) comme phase liquide. Des expériences de dégagement de gaz dynamiques confirment que la dispersion dans l'huile de Tellus se compose essentiellement de grosses bulles. On a trouvé que la rétention de grosses bulles diminuait de manière significative avec l'augmentation du diamètre de la colonne. On a mis au point un modèle pour l'estimation de la rétention de grosses bulles de gaz par l'introduction d'un facteur d'accélération dans le sillage dans la relation de Davies-Taylor-Collins (Collins, 1967), décrivant l'influence du diamètre de colonne sur la vitesse de montée d'une bulle à t,te sphérique isolée. [source] Non-Parametric Ecological Regression and Spatial VariationBIOMETRICAL JOURNAL, Issue 6 2003Isabel Natário Abstract Ecological studies aim to analyse the variation of disease risk in relation to exposure variables that are measured at an area unit level. In practice it is rarely possible to use the exposure variables themselves, either because the corresponding data are not available or because the causes of the disease are not fully understood. It is therefore quite common to use crude proxies of the real exposure to the disease in question. These proxies are rarely able to explain the disease variation and hence additional area level random effects are introduced to account for the residual variation. In this paper we investigate the possibility to model the effect of ecological covariates non-parametrically, with and without additional random effects for the residual spatial variation. We illustrate the issues arising through analyses of simulated and real data on larynx cancer mortality in Germany, during the years of 1986 to 1990, where we use the corresponding lung cancer rates as a proxy for smoking consumption. [source] Changes in parental risk behaviour after an information campaign against sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in NorwayACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2004SAR Hill Aim: To assess parental risk behaviour before and after a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) information campaign with special emphasis on associations with maternal age, education, marital status and birth order. Methods: Data from questionnaires sent to all mothers who gave birth in Norway during a period before the campaign were compared with corresponding data obtained after the campaign. Results: Prevalence of non-supine sleeping position decreased from 33.7% to 13.6% while changes in smoking, non-breastfeeding and co-sleeping were disappointing. Risk factors were particularly prevalent in young mothers, but also in mothers with a minimum period of education, non-cohabitation and at birth order 2+. Conclusions: Non-supine sleeping decreased to a level that has never been reported before. In future campaigns, subgroup-specific measures may be needed. [source] | |||||||||||||