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Correlational Study (correlational + study)
Kinds of Correlational Study Selected AbstractsPatterns of abundance of fire ants and native ants in a native ecosystemECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 4 2009KATHARINE L. STUBLE Abstract 1.,This correlational study examines the relationship between the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) and native ants in a longleaf pine savanna. Fire ants are frequently associated with a decline in native ants throughout the invaded range, but fire ant invasion is often coupled with habitat disturbance. Invasion of fire ants into the longleaf pine savanna provides an opportunity to examine the structure of the ant community in the absence of habitat disturbance. 2.,Pitfall trapping was conducted within the longleaf pine savanna as well as across a naturally occurring soil moisture gradient, in plots that had been artificially watered. 3.,Species richness did not vary as a function of fire ant density. There was an inverse relationship between native ant density and fire ant density, but this abundance pattern does not necessarily imply a causal link between fire ant invasion and native ant decline. For individual species, fire ant densities were negatively correlated with the densities of only two native ant species, including Solenopsis carolinensis, a native species that potentially limits the invasion of fire ants. Additionally, fire ants and native ants respond differently to soil moisture, with native ants favouring drier conditions than fire ants. 4.,The possible exclusion of fire ants by some native ants, as well as differences in habitat preferences, provide alternative explanations for the frequently observed negative correlation between fire ants and native ants. [source] Effects of routine education on people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetesEUROPEAN DIABETES NURSING, Issue 3 2009A Clarke SRN, PhD Health Promotion & Research Manager Abstract Background: In Ireland, there is limited knowledge about the perceptions or behaviours of people newly diagnosed with diabetes and, due to the lack of a national register, poor knowledge of their demographic profile. Aim: To add to the body of knowledge about diabetes, to obtain perceptions of people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who attend group diabetes education, and to examine their relationships with the adoption of diabetes self-management behaviours. Method: A correlational study was conducted among people attending routine group diabetes education at three diabetes clinics during 2006/7, from which a convenience sample of 168 (38%) participants were recruited. Results: Men newly diagnosed with diabetes were younger, waited less time to attend group diabetes education, had a more positive diabetes attitude and perceived themselves to have more social support than women. Women had better diabetes self-management dietary and medication adherence behaviours prior to attending group diabetes education than the men. Conclusion: People newly diagnosed with diabetes differ in their attitude, perceived support and self-efficacy to adopt dietary and exercise behaviours and have different behaviour change needs at diagnosis. Post-attendance at diabetes education, they adopt behaviours at variable rates and may not sustain the change. The study findings indicate that healthcare professionals should monitor continually the need for behavioural change, in particular physical exercise behaviours in women and dietary and medication adherence in men. They should also continuously assess the maintenance of diabetes self-management behaviours of all people with diabetes, while promoting confidence in achieving desired outcomes. Copyright © 2009 FEND [source] Antecedents and outcomes of workplace incivility: Implications for human resource development research and practiceHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2009Thomas G. Reio Jr. This cross-sectional, correlational study (N = 402) examined the relationships among select demographics, workplace adaptation, employee affect, and incivility and physical health and job satisfaction. The paper-and-pencil survey battery consisted of nine scales. The hypotheses were tested through correlational, factor analytic, and hierarchical regression analytic procedures. Younger males engaged more frequently in uncivil behavior. After statistically controlling for the demographic variables, high negative affect and low degree of establishing relationships with coworkers and supervisors (adaptation) predicted more incivility. For the physical health model, establishing relationships with coworkers and positive affect positively contributed to perceived physical health, while organizational incivility negatively contributed to the dependent variable. As for the job satisfaction model, establishing relationships with coworkers and supervisors and positive affect positively predicted satisfaction, whereas negative affect and incivility made negative contributions to the regression equation. In all cases, the magnitude of effect ranged from medium to large, supporting the theoretical, empirical, and practical relevance of understanding the detrimental effects of uncivil behaviors on organizational outcomes. HRD researchers and professionals are highlighted as possible means for reducing uncivil workplace behaviors and improving organizational performance. [source] Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in a university hospital centre: A correlational study examining nurses' knowledge and best practiceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 2 2010Gallant Claudia RN MSc Claudia G, Diane M, Daphney SG, Danièle D. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 183,187 Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in a university hospital centre: A correlational study examining nurses' knowledge and best practice This descriptive correlational study had the goal of exploring if relationships existed between the level of knowledge of nurses concerning pressure ulcers, certain nurses' characteristics and the preventive care they applied. A multi-method approach was taken using a questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge of nurses (n = 256) and chart audits (n = 235) to identify the preventive care applied. The results show that the level of knowledge of the nurses is insufficient. They also show a correlation between a higher level of knowledge and (i) the sector of activities in which the nurses are working, (ii) the training periods provided by the university hospital centre, and a (iii) good perception by the nurses of their level of knowledge. However, training on its own cannot guarantee the provision of quality health care, as there is a wide discrepancy between what nurses know and what they put into practice. [source] Critical thinking and learning styles of students in conventional and accelerated programmesINTERNATIONAL NURSING REVIEW, Issue 1 2006W. A. Suliman rn Aim and purpose:, To assess the difference between the predominant critical thinking disposition(s) and learning styles of nursing students in the conventional (Stream I) and the accelerated (Stream II) baccalaureate nursing education programmes. This study will be beneficial to students, faculty and institutions as it will help them to acquire better understanding of critical thinking potentials and learning styles of nurses, as well as the relationship between learning styles and critical thinking dispositions. Method:, This was a descriptive correlational study. The convenience sample consisted of 80 Stream I and 50 Stream II students. The following instruments were used for data collection: The Learning Styles Inventory of Kolb and the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory of Facione and Facione. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Results:, Overall, Stream II students were significantly more critical thinkers (P = 0.000), inquisitive (P = 0.000) and self-confident (P = 0.002). The predominant learning styles of Streams I and II were the diverger and the converger, respectively, with no difference except in relation to their learning abilities, namely, concrete experience (P = 0.017), in favour of Stream I. Further, the findings indicate a weak (range of r = 0.209,0.328) though significant (range of P = 0.017,0.000) correlation between learning abilities and various critical thinking dispositions. [source] Daughters-in-law in Korean caregiving familiesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 3 2001Jin-Sun Kim PhD RN Daughters-in-law in Korean caregiving families Aim.,The aim of this study was to examine the emotional and physical health and experiences of daughter-in-law (DIL) caregivers compared with daughter caregivers who care for cognitively and/or functionally impaired older people in Korea. Background.,In Korea, DILs are the predominant caregivers of impaired older people, but little is known about DIL caregivers. A study which explores the emotional and physical health outcomes of DIL caregivers who care for impaired parents-in-law in the sociocultural context of Korea is necessary. Method.,A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted to examine the emotional and physical health of 93 DIL caregivers compared with 27 daughter caregivers who care for the cognitively and/or functionally impaired older people in Korea. This study hypothesized that DIL caregivers would have poorer emotional and physical health than daughter caregivers and that the type of relationship with the care-recipient is an important predictor of caregivers' health outcomes. t -tests, chi-square and hierarchical regression analyses were used for hypotheses testing. Results.,Contrary to expectations, this study found that caregivers' health outcomes were very similar for DILs and daughters in Korean families. The type of relationship was not an important predictor of caregivers' health outcomes, and neither was the quality of intergenerational relationship. However, Korean DIL and daughter caregivers reported relatively poor emotional and physical health compared to those of Western caregivers in previous studies. Conclusions.,Daughter-in-laws caregivers were not at greater risk group of negative health outcomes than daughter caregivers. However, DIL and daughter caregivers in Korea were a vulnerable group regardless of their relationship with the care-recipient. The cultural norms and social expectations regarding family-centred caregiving in Korea may cause negative health outcomes for Korean caregivers. Further family caregiving studies in the Korean context are recommended. [source] Pain Assessment in Persons with Dementia: Relationship Between Self-Report and Behavioral ObservationJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 1 2009Ann L. Horgas RN OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between self-report and behavioral indicators of pain in cognitively impaired and intact older adults. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental, correlational study of older adults. SETTING: Data were collected from residents of nursing homes, assisted living, and retirement apartments in north-central Florida. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-six adults, mean age 83; 64 cognitively intact, 62 cognitively impaired. MEASUREMENTS: Pain interviews (pain presence, intensity, locations, duration), pain behavior measure, Mini-Mental State Examination, analgesic medications, and demographic characteristics. Participants completed an activity-based protocol to induce pain. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent self-reported regular pain. Controlling for analgesics, cognitively impaired participants reported less pain than cognitively intact participants after movement but not at rest. Behavioral pain indicators did not differ between cognitively intact and impaired participants. Total number of pain behaviors was significantly related to self-reported pain intensity (,=0.40, P=.000) in cognitively intact elderly people. CONCLUSION: Cognitively impaired elderly people self-report less pain than cognitively intact elderly people, independent of analgesics, but only when assessed after movement. Behavioral pain indicators do not differ between the groups. The relationship between self-report and pain behaviors supports the validity of behavioral assessments in this population. These findings support the use of multidimensional pain assessment in persons with dementia. [source] The Relationship Between Lower Body Strength and Obstructed Gait in Community-Dwelling Older AdultsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 3 2002Ecosse L. Lamoureux PhD OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between lower body strength of community-dwelling older adults and the time to negotiate obstructed gait tasks. DESIGN: A correlational study. SETTING: The Biomechanics Laboratory, Deakin University, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine women and 16 men aged 62 to 88 were recruited using advertisements placed in local newspapers. The participants were independent community dwellers, healthy and functionally mobile. MEASUREMENTS: Maximal isometric strength of the knee extensors and dynamic strength of the hip extensors, hip flexors, hip adductors, hip abductors, knee extensors, knee flexors, and ankle plantar flexors were assessed. The times to negotiate four obstructed gait tasks at three progressively challenging levels on an obstacle course and to complete the course were recorded. The relationship between strength and the crossing times was explored using linear regression models. RESULTS: Significant associations between the seven strength measures and the times to negotiate each gait task and to walk the entire course at each level were obtained (r = ,0.38 to ,0.55; P < .05). In addition, the percentage of the variance explained by strength (R2), consistently increased as a function of the progressively challenging level. This increase was particularly marked for the stepping over task (R2 = 19.3%, 25.0%, and 27.2%, for levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and the raised surface condition (R2 = 17.1%, 21.1%, and 30.8%, for levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively). CONCLUSION: The findings of the study showed that strength is a critical requirement for obstructed locomotion. That the magnitude of the association increased as a function of the challenging levels suggests that intervention programs aimed at improving strength would potentially be effective in helping community-dwelling older adults negotiate environmental gait challenges. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:468,473, 2002. [source] Sampling plan for the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella with sex pheromone trapsJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 6 2008T. Bacca Abstract The population density of the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville & Perrottet) (Lep., Lyonetiidae) can be estimated using pheromone traps in coffee fields as male capture reflects this pest damage based on previous correlational study. However, the spatial distribution of pheromone traps and their density are necessary to optimize the sampling procedure with pheromone traps. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to determine the pheromone trap density required per hectare to sample coffee leaf miner populations and to determine the spatial distribution of the males of this pest species. The males were sampled every 8 days in 12 consecutive evaluations. Taylor's power law and frequency distributions were used to recognize the distribution of the male capture data, which followed a negative binomial distribution. A common K was obtained, allowing the establishment of a single conventional sampling plan for the 12 fields investigated. The adjusted sampling plan requires eight traps in an area of 30 ha for a 25% precision error. Kriging-generated maps allowed the simulation of male captures for 8, 12 and 20 traps per 30 ha and the results were compared with those obtained with absolute sampling resulting in R2 -values of 0.30, 0.57 and 0.60 respectively. The traps were able to identify the more highly infested areas within the field and are a precise and efficient tool for sampling populations of L. coffeella. [source] Evidence that plumage bacteria influence feather coloration and body condition of eastern bluebirds Sialia sialisJOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Alex R. Gunderson Parasites influence the expression of secondary sexual traits and the health of infected individuals. We set out to test the influence of reputed exogenous parasites, plumage bacteria, including feather-degrading bacteria (FDB), on secondary sexual characteristics and body condition of wild adult eastern bluebirds Sialia sialis. Previous work has shown that FDB alter the coloration of structurally-colored bluebird feathers in vitro (Shawkey et al. 2007). In a correlational study of how bacteria affect birds in the wild, we found that female plumage got duller with increasing FDB intensity. Males tended to get brighter with increasing FDB intensity, but the relationship was not significant. We also found significant associations between plumage bacteria intensity and body condition, but, again, with gender-based differences. Female body condition was negatively associated with plumage bacteria intensity, while male body condition was positively associated with plumage bacteria intensity. Interestingly, plumage bacteria intensity of males and females in nesting pairs was significantly positively correlated. We also report the highest prevalence of FDB measured in a wild bird population, with FDB detected on 67/68 (99%) of individuals. Further work is needed to fully understand the relationships between plumage bacteria and birds, but our data indicate that plumage bacteria may have sex-dependent effects on multiple phenotypic traits. [source] Obstetric Nurses' Attitudes and Nursing Care Intentions Regarding Care of HIV-Positive Pregnant WomenJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 5 2007Lynda A. Tyer-Viola Objective:, To define attitudes toward pregnant women with HIV and how these attitudes correlate with and affect prejudice and nursing care intentions. Design:, Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study of obstetric nurses. Setting:, Eight hundred (800) mailed surveys in the United States (N = 350). Participants:, A random sample of nurses certified in inpatient obstetrics. Main Outcome Measures:, Background information tool, the Pregnant Women with HIV Attitude Scale, the Prejudice Interaction Scale in response to four vignettes, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale,Form C. Results:, Obstetric nurses had more positive Mothering-Choice attitudes than Sympathy-Rights attitudes (p= .000). Nurses who knew more than four people affected by HIV/AIDS had more positive attitudes (p, .05). Nurses with more positive attitudes were less prejudiced and more willing to care for pregnant women with HIV (p= .05). Nurses were significantly more prejudiced and less willing to care for women with than without HIV (p, .0001). Conclusions:, Nurses' clinical care may be influenced by their attitudes and prejudice toward pregnant women with HIV. Nursing education should include how prejudice can affect our clinical decision making and behaviors. Research is needed to explicate the effects on patient outcomes. JOGNN, 36, 398-409; 2007. DOI: 10.1111/J.1552-6909.2007.00172.x [source] Gender differences in the factors related to physical activity among adults with diabetesNURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, Issue 4 2000CCRNArticle first published online: 25 MAR 200, Ramesh B. Navuluri MSC(AGRI) Abstract A descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine the gender differences in the relationship between health-related hardiness, patient attitude toward compliance, and self-care adherence to physical activity among 155 adults with diabetes. The two subcomponents of health-related hardiness, control and commitment/challenge, were included as separate variables. The correlations between commitment/challenge and self-care adherence to physical activity, and between total health-related hardiness and self-care adherence to physical activity, were significant among men (n = 52). The correlation between patient attitude toward compliance and self-care adherence to physical activity was significant among women (n = 103). Clinically, when compliance with self-care adherence to physical activity is the goal, a male patient may need hardiness instructions, while a female patient may need interventions to promote attitude toward compliance. Future research may include studying the relationships between other self-care practices such as diet management, medication compliance, and glucose monitoring and the variables of health-related hardiness and patient attitude toward compliance, which may help health-care professionals in appropriate care planning aimed at promoting self-management of diabetes. [source] Healthy Behaviors and Sources of Health Information Among Low-Income Pregnant WomenPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 3 2004Lynne Porter Lewallen PhD Abstract This article addresses responses from two open-ended questions, describing the healthy behaviors and sources of health information in 150 low-income pregnant women. Data for this exploratory study were collected as part of a larger descriptive correlational study. Qualitative content analysis was used in the analysis. One hundred fifty English-speaking pregnant women aged 18 and over were interviewed at a public prenatal clinic in the Southeastern United States at their first prenatal visit. Health behaviors were placed into seven mutually exclusive categories: food-related behaviors, substance-related behavior, exercise/rest/activity, self-awareness/appearance, learning, focus on baby, and no specific behaviors. Sources of information questions were placed into seven mutually exclusive categories: family, health personnel, reading, hearing, other people, self-intuitive, and no response. Low-income pregnant women are aware of healthy behaviors and report practicing them during their pregnancies. Because family members are a common source of information for health practices, they should be included in health education efforts. [source] Fatigue and associated factors in hemodialysis patients in TaiwanRESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 1 2006H.E. Liu Abstract The number of patients suffering from end-stage renal disease is increasing rapidly around the world, including in Taiwan. Hemodialysis (HD) patients report fatigue as a major stressor. The purpose of this correlational study with systematic sampling was to explore fatigue and associated physiological, psychological, and situational factors in 119 Taiwanese HD patients. Results indicate that levels of fatigue were mild. Three variables (gender, employment, and depression) had a significant impact on fatigue. Some differences in physiological factors by depression, gender, and employment were found. Stepwise regressions showed that depression, age, and urea reduction ratio were significant predictors for overall fatigue and two of its dimensions. Some relationships from the theory of unpleasant symptoms were supported. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 29:40,50, 2006 [source] A conceptual framework for understanding the process of family caregiving to frail elders in Taiwan,RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 2 2002Yea-Ing Lotus Shyu Abstract This descriptive, correlational study of family caregivers (N=125) tested a conceptual framework for family caregiving to frail elders in Taiwan, using the concept of "finding a balance point" derived from a previous qualitative study. It was hypothesized that caregivers who were better able to find a balance point among competing needs would provide better-quality care to frail elders, which would lead to more positive caregiver and family outcomes. After controlling for the influence of caregiving characteristics and caregiving factors, finding a balance point significantly explained 7% of the variance in overall caregiving consequences. The findings of this study add a new perspective to the caregiving process in Taiwan. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 25:111,121, 2002 [source] Association between Attributes of a Cyclist and Bicycle Seat PressureTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 10 2010Eadric Bressel PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Bicycle seat pressure is thought to be the principal risk factor for bicycle seat injuries such as erectile dysfunction; however there is a lack of understanding regarding the characteristics of a cyclist that predict bicycle seat pressure. Aim., The purpose of this study was to determine if select attributes of a cyclist are associated with seat pressure during stationary bicycling. A secondary purpose was to determine which of the associated attributes were the best predictors of seat pressure and if they were consistent between two different seats. Methods., There were two data collection phases to this correlational study in which 40 males between the ages 20 and 50 years volunteered. For the first phase, select attributes of the cyclist (age, weight, flexibility, experience level, and ischial tuberosity width) were measured. The second phase required participants to ride a stationary cycle ergometer while pelvic tilt angles and seat pressures were measured on two different traditional seats. Main Outcome Measure., The main outcome is the mean and peak bicycle seat interface pressure over the anterior and total seat. Results., Body weight explained up to 50% of the variance in mean total seat pressure (P = 0.001). Regarding peak total pressure, pelvic tilt angle and flexibility explained 43% and 17% of the variance, respectively, for the two seats tested (P = 0.01). Conclusion., These results indicate that predictors of mean seat pressure are not the same for peak pressure. Body weight alone accounted for the most variance in mean pressure whereas pelvic tilt and flexibility accounted for the most variance in peak pressure. These variables related to seat pressure may give some guidance to cyclists and clinicians who intend to prevent or alleviate the symptoms associated with bicycle seat injuries that include erectile dysfunction. Bressel E, Nash D, and Dolny D. Association between attributes of a cyclist and bicycle seat pressure. J Sex Med 2010;7:3424,3433. [source] | |||||||||||||