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Coronal Plane (coronal + plane)
Selected AbstractsCharacterization of a New Pulmonary Vein Variant Using Magnetic Resonance Angiography:JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Imaging, Incidence, Interventional Implications of the "Right Top Pulmonary Vein" Introduction: Catheter ablation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation requires precise anatomic information. We describe the characteristics of a new anatomic variant of PV anatomy using magnetic resonance angiography. Methods and Results: A 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging system with a body coil or a torso phased-array coil was used before and after gadolinium injection. Magnetic resonance angiograms were acquired with a breath-hold three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo imaging sequence in the coronal plane. Three-dimensional reconstruction with maximum intensity projections and multiplanar reformations was performed. A newly described variant PV ascending from the roof of the left atrium was found in 3 of 91 subjects. The mean ostial diameter of the roof PV was 7 ± 2 mm, the mean distance from the ostium to the first branching point was 22 ± 8.5 mm, and the mean distance to the right superior PV was 3.3 ± 0.6 mm. Conclusion: We refer to the newly described variant of PV anatomy as the "right top pulmonary vein." It is important to be aware of this anatomic pattern to avoid inadvertent catheter intubation, which can result in misleading mapping results and PV stenosis. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 538-543, May 2004) [source] Distribution of olfactory epithelium in the primate nasal cavity: Are microsmia and macrosmia valid morphological concepts?THE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Timothy D. Smith Abstract The terms "microsmatic" and "macrosmatic" are used to compare species with greater versus lesser olfactory capabilities, such as carnivores compared to certain primates. These categories have been morphologically defined based on the size of olfactory bulb and surface area of olfactory epithelium in the nasal fossa. The present study examines assumptions regarding the morphological relationship of bony elements to the olfactory mucosa, the utility of olfactory epithelial surface area as a comparative measurement, and the utility of the microsmatic concept. We examined the distribution of olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) across the anteroposterior length of the nasal fossa (from the first completely enclosed cross-section of the nasal fossa to the choanae) in the microsmatic marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) compared to four species of nocturnal strepsirrhines (Otolemur crassicaudatus, O. garnetti, Microcebus murinus, and Cheirogaleus medius). Adults of all species were examined and infant C. jacchus, O. crassicaudatus, M. murinus, and C. medius were also examined. All specimens were serially sectioned in the coronal plane and prepared for light microscopic study. Distribution of OE across all the turbinals, nasal septal surfaces, and accessory spaces of the nasal chamber was recorded for each specimen. The right nasal fossae of one adult C. jacchus and one neonatal M. murinus were also three-dimensionally reconstructed using Scion Image software to reveal OE distribution. Findings showed OE to be distributed relatively more anteriorly in adult C. jacchus compared to strepsirrhines. It was also distributed more anteriorly along the nasal septal walls and recesses in neonates than adults. Our findings also showed that OE surface area was not a reliable proxy for receptor neuron numbers due to differing OE thickness among species. Such results indicate that nasal cavity morphology must be carefully reconsidered regarding traditional functional roles (olfaction versus air conditioning) assigned to various nasal cavity structures. At present, the microsmatic concept itself lacks a basis in nasal chamber morphology, since OE may have varying patterns of distribution among different primates. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Computer-assisted tibia preparation for total ankle arthroplasty: a cadaveric studyTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY, Issue 4 2007Samuel B. Adams Jr Abstract Background Most surgeons performing total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) suggest that accurate tibial preparation perpendicular to the tibial shaft axis improves outcomes. Recent studies demonstrate that computerized surgical navigation significantly improves the accuracy of tibial preparation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods We performed the tibial preparation for TAA in seven matched pairs of cadaver lower extremities. One set of matched pairs was prepared using the conventional external tibial alignment guide/cutting block from the Scandanavian Total Ankle Replacement system (STAR, Waldemar Link GmbH & Co., Hamburg, Germany) under fluoroscopic guidance. The second set of matched pairs was prepared using the VectorVision® navigation system (BrainLAB, Munich, Germany), with currently available computed tomography (CT)-based TKA software. Pre-operative CT data were used to assess the tibial mechanical axis. In both groups, accuracy of the tibial plafond preparation relative to the tibial shaft axis in both the coronal and sagittal planes was determined by fluoroscopic, radiographic and CT analysis. Results Mean values of the tibial cut for the set of matched-pair tibiae prepared by the conventional surgical method ranged across the three imaging assessment techniques in the ranges 89.3,89.6° (coronal plane, anteroposterior) and 90.3,90.4° (sagittal plane, lateral). For the computer-navigated set, the values were 89.7,89.9° (coronal) and 89.1,89.4° (sagittal). Comparison between the conventional and computer-navigated tibial measurements were not different at the 95% confidence interval (CI) for CT, fluoroscopy or radiographic assessments. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that accuracy of TAA tibial preparation using computer-navigation equals that of the conventional technique performed by a foot and ankle surgeon experienced in TAA. We anticipate that this investigation will encourage the development of computer-navigation applications specific to TAA, with the potential of improving accuracy over conventional methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Automated assessment of cervical dystoniaMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 11 2003Giuseppe Galardi MD Abstract We developed an automated and objective method to measure posture and voluntary movements in patients with cervical dystonia using Fastrack, an electromagnetic system consisting of a stationary transmitter station and four sensors. The junction lines between the sensors attached to the head produced geometrical figures on which the corresponding aspects of the head were superimposed. The head position in the space was reconstructed and observed from axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. Four patients with cervical dystonia and 6 healthy subjects were studied. Each patient was representative of one of the typical patterns of cervical dystonia. The study allowed the authors to collect quantitative data on posture and range of motion of the head. This pilot study demonstrates the efficacy of the Fastrack system to objectively measure the head position in cervical dystonia patients. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society [source] Correlation between anthropometric facial features and characteristics of nasolacrimal drainage system in connection to false passageCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 7 2007Junji Narioka MD Abstract Background:, To determine the correlation between the anthropometric facial features and the anatomy of the nasolacrimal drainage system. Methods:, Forty-six mid-sagittal halves of 23 cadavers were studied. The inclination of the lacrimal sac (LS) and nasolacrimal duct (NLD), and the LS-NLD angle were measured in both the sagittal and coronal planes. For the facial features, the height, length and depth of the nose, the intercanthal distance, nasal breadth, nasofacial angle, distance between the external naris, and the inferior aperture of the NLD were measured. The correlations between the angles and the facial features were calculated. Results:, The LS-NLD angle was classified into three anatomical types according to the inclination of the LS and the NLD in the sagittal and coronal planes; the anterior-inward type (43.5%), anterior-outward type (37.0%), and posterior-outward type (19.5%). The nasal depth was correlated with the sagittal LS-NLD angle, and the nasal height and length were correlated with the coronal LS-NLD angle. Conclusions:, There is a large variation in the LS-NLD angle, and nasal depth, height and length can be used to predict the direction of this angle. [source] | ||||||||||