Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Corn Kernels (corn + kernel)
Selected AbstractsFractionation of transgenic corn seed by dry and wet milling to recover recombinant collagen-related proteinsBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 5 2009Cheng Zhang Abstract Corn continues to be considered an attractive transgenic host for producing recombinant therapeutic and industrial proteins because of its potential for producing recombinant proteins at large volume and low cost as coproducts of corn seed-based biorefining. Efforts to reduce production costs have been primarily devoted to increasing accumulation level, optimizing protein extraction conditions, and simplifying the purification. In the present work, we evaluated two grain fractionation methods, dry milling and wet milling, to enrich two recombinant collagen-related proteins; thereby, reducing the amount and type of corn-derived impurities in subsequent protein extraction and purification steps. The two proteins were a full-length human recombinant collagen type I alpha 1(rCI,1) chain with telopeptides and peptide foldon to effect triple helix formation and a 44-kDa rCI,1 fragment. For each, ,60% of the rCI,1s in the seed was recovered in the dry-milled germ-rich fractions making up ca. 25% of the total kernel mass. For wet milling, ,60% of each was recovered in three fractions accounting for 20,25% of the total kernel mass. The rCI,1s in the dry-milled germ-rich fractions were enriched three to six times compared with the whole corn kernel, whereas the rCI,1s were enriched 4,10 times in selected wet-milled fractions. The recovered starch from wet milling was almost free of rCI,1. Therefore, it was possible to generate rCI,1-enriched fractions by both dry and wet milling along with rCI,1-free starch using wet milling. Because of its simplicity, the dry milling procedure could be accomplished on-farm thus minimizing the risk of inadvertent release of viable transgenic seeds. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009 [source] Drought Stress and Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination in Agricultural Commodity: Genetics, Genomics and ProteomicsJOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 10 2008Baozhu Guo Abstract Throughout the world, aflatoxin contamination is considered one of the most serious food safety issues concerning health. Chronic problems with preharvest aflatoxin contamination occur in the southern US, and are particularly troublesome in corn, peanut, cottonseed, and tree nuts. Drought stress is a major factor to contribute to preharvest aflatoxin contamination. Recent studies have demonstrated higher concentration of defense or stress-related proteins in corn kernels of resistant genotypes compared with susceptible genotypes, suggesting that preharvest field condition (drought or not drought) influences gene expression differently in different genotypes resulting in different levels of "end products": PR(pathogenesis-related) proteins in the mature kernels. Because of the complexity of Aspergillus -plant interactions, better understanding of the mechanisms of genetic resistance will be needed using genomics and proteomics for crop improvement. Genetic improvement of crop resistance to drought stress is one component and will provide a good perspective on the efficacy of control strategy. Proteomic comparisons of corn kernel proteins between resistant or susceptible genotypes to Aspergillus flavus infection have identified stress-related proteins along with antifungal proteins as associated with kernel resistance. Gene expression studies in developing corn kernels are in agreement with the proteomic studies that defense-related genes could be upregulated or downregulated by abiotic stresses. [source] Field testing of honeybee-dispersed Trichoderma spp. to manage sunflower head rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)PLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2002A. R. Escande Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. to reduce sunflower head rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was evaluated in the field. A mixture of six isolates, including Trichoderma koningii, T. aureoviride and T. longibrachiatum, was tested in five field trials at Balcarce, Argentina. Trichoderma formulation (TF) included Trichoderma conidia and viable hyphal fragments, industrial talc and milled corn kernels. Honeybees (Apis mellifera) were used to disperse TF for six weeks from the onset of flowering. Two days after the first TF delivery, sunflower heads were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum ascospores. When 100 g TF was taken by honeybees in a 10-h per day period, head rot incidence was significantly reduced. This approach was successful in reducing disease incidence until physiological maturity of the crop, in environments highly conducive to head-rot development. [source] Simulation of drying process of corn kernels during microwave and convective treatmentASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2007Gábor Bihercz Abstract Drying is a necessary technology and a very energy-demanding process in the area of meat and vegetable processing; it is a tool for finishing semiprocessed or processed goods. Taking the given conditions into consideration, development of technology is necessary, which serves several aims that are often in disagreement with each other (in terms of improvement of availability value, avoidance of artificial additives, energy optimization, reduction of other cost factors, etc.). Until now, several scientific works have been published serving solutions for one specific problem of practice. The main idiosyncrasy of these works is the difference between their methods and availability; hence these are unsuitable to give a uniform model for products with different physical-biological properties: because, it goes without saying, circumstances of their birth as well as their aims differ so much. Computer support nowadays allows us to build a uniform model based on previous research and auxiliary measurement results, which can simulate the drying process of some of the most important agricultural products. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||