Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Active Responses (active + response)
Selected AbstractsBehaviour and stress response during capture and handling of the red-billed chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Aves: Corvidae)BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 4 2009PAOLA LAIOLO We studied the effect of capture and handling on free-living red-billed choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. We analysed the association between bird behavioural response and individual health, breeding status, sex, and age. Active responses (aggression towards the ringer, screaming) were more common in the breeding period, and in individuals with a high heterophils to lymphocytes ratio, indicating poor physiological condition and/or high chronic stress. Adults were more aggressive than juveniles and yearlings, and females were more aggressive than males. Sex, age, and condition differences were also recorded in the spectrotemporal output of distress calls. Birds with a screaming/active response appeared to be more stress-susceptible than passive and silent individuals, and this response was stronger during the energy demanding period of reproduction. The results obtained suggest that the response of the red-billed chough during capture might primarily reflect stress-susceptibility, although a number of potential alternative explanations are discussed. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 846,855. [source] Gender and New Public Management: Reconstituting Academic SubjectivitiesGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 4 2002Robyn Thomas This article is located within the context of British Higher Education. It examines the ,radical reforms' of New Public Management (NPM) (marketization and managerialism) in the management of university organizations. The article has two main aims. First, to explore the extent to which NPM initiatives have influenced individual women academics's day,to,day experiences of the gendered academy and their professional identities. Second, to understand individuals' active responses to NPM to develop theorizing of individual resistance in public service organizations. Adopting a Foucauldian feminist framework, it is suggested that the introduction of NPM presents a site for political struggle for women academics. The article explores the gendered nature of NPM, to determine how, in three individual universities, different women academics have responded to the ,managerialist challenge'. Finally, the article focuses on the ways in which different women academics might accommodate, resist, or transform the discourses of NPM, the factors facilitating this, and the material outcomes. [source] MAMPs and MIMPs: proposed classifications for inducers of innate immunityMOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2006David Mackey Summary Plants encode a sophisticated innate immune system. Resistance against potential pathogens often relies on active responses. Prerequisite to the induction of defences is recognition of the pathogenic threat. Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the non-self molecules that are recognized by plants and the means by which plants perceive them. Established terms describing these recognition events, including microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP), MAMP-receptor, effector, and resistance (R) protein, need clarification to represent our current knowledge adequately. In this review we propose criteria to classify inducers of plant defence as either MAMPs or microbe-induced molecular patterns (MIMPs). We refine the definition of MAMP to mean a molecular sequence or structure in ANY pathogen-derived molecule that is perceived via direct interaction with a host defence receptor. MIMPs are modifications of host-derived molecules that are induced by an intrinsic activity of a pathogen-derived effector and are perceived by a host defence receptor. MAMP-receptors have previously been classified separately from R-proteins as a discrete class of surveillance molecules. However, MAMP-receptors and R-proteins cannot be distinguished on the basis of their protein structures or their induced responses. We propose that MAMP-receptors and MIMP-receptors are each a subset of R-proteins. Although our review is based on examples from plant pathogens and plants, the principles discussed might prove applicable to other organisms. [source] Behaviour and stress response during capture and handling of the red-billed chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Aves: Corvidae)BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 4 2009PAOLA LAIOLO We studied the effect of capture and handling on free-living red-billed choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. We analysed the association between bird behavioural response and individual health, breeding status, sex, and age. Active responses (aggression towards the ringer, screaming) were more common in the breeding period, and in individuals with a high heterophils to lymphocytes ratio, indicating poor physiological condition and/or high chronic stress. Adults were more aggressive than juveniles and yearlings, and females were more aggressive than males. Sex, age, and condition differences were also recorded in the spectrotemporal output of distress calls. Birds with a screaming/active response appeared to be more stress-susceptible than passive and silent individuals, and this response was stronger during the energy demanding period of reproduction. The results obtained suggest that the response of the red-billed chough during capture might primarily reflect stress-susceptibility, although a number of potential alternative explanations are discussed. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 846,855. [source] | ||||||||||