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Active Coping (active + coping)
Selected AbstractsCutting to cope , a modern adolescent phenomenonCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2010B. Hall Abstract Background The frequency of young people cutting themselves appears to be increasing, with one review estimating the current prevalence across the UK to be between 1 in 12 and 1 in 15. Aim To identify factors that are associated with self-harm by cutting, and more especially coping strategies that if encouraged might reduce such behaviour. Method Multivariate and exploratory factor analysis were used to analyse the results from a survey of the pupils attending four large comprehensive schools in the North of England where the frequency of cutting behaviour was causing concern. Results Three factors were identified from the analysis , Social & Active Coping, Seeking External Solutions and Non-Productive Coping. The Social & Active Coping was the only factor that significantly correlated with non-cutting behaviour. Conclusions The fostering of the elements that make up Social & Active Coping , namely working successfully and feeling a sense of achievement, together with positive friendship networks and positive diversions, including physical recreation, will help to minimize young people's sense of needing to cope by cutting themselves. [source] Israeli Kindergarten Teachers Cope With Terror and War: Two Implicit Models of ResilienceCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 1 2007DAVID BRODY ABSTRACT The resilience of teachers in the face of terror was examined in a narrative study of two Israeli kindergarten teachers over the course of one school year. During this time, there occurred frequent terror attacks as well as the threat of impending war with Iraq and the concomitant threat of chemical warfare. Each teacher's unique pattern of coping based on her own personal theory of resilience was examined. One teacher actively processed with her students stressful news items that the children had encountered. This was based on her belief that children would become more resilient if they had experience dealing with stress in a mediated fashion. The second teacher chose to create what she perceived to be a comfort zone for her students by actively avoiding open discussion about stressful events. She chose to focus on enhancing self-esteem, self-efficacy, and optimism, which she believed would produce greater resilience in her students. In developing these personal resilience theories, both teachers were able to move out of a paralyzed position that is typical of crisis and the immediate posttraumatic period, and move into active coping, thereby incorporating their unique theories of resilience into their personal professional knowledge. These practices were examined in light of current resilience theory. [source] A brief haemophilia pain coping questionnaireHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 5 2008J. ELANDER Summary., Pain coping strategies are important influences on outcomes among people with painful chronic conditions. The pain coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ) was previously adapted for sickle cell disease and haemophilia, but those versions have 80 items, and a briefer version with similar psychometric properties would facilitate research on pain coping. The full-length haemophilia-adapted CSQ, plus measures of pain frequency and intensity, pain acceptance, pain readiness to change, and health-related quality of life were completed by 190 men with haemophilia. Items were selected for a 27-item short form, which was completed 6 months later by 129 (68%) participants. Factor structure, reliability and concurrent validity were the same in the long and short forms. For the short form, internal reliabilities of the three composite scales were 0.86 for negative thoughts, 0.80 for active coping and 0.76 for passive adherence. Test,retest reliabilities were 0.73 for negative thoughts, 0.70 for active coping and 0.64 for passive adherence. Negative thoughts were associated with less readiness to change, less acceptance of pain and more impaired health-related quality of life, whereas active coping was associated with greater readiness to change and more acceptance of pain. The short form is a convenient brief measure of pain coping with good psychometric properties, and could be used to extend research on pain coping in haemophilia. [source] A prevalence study of suicide ideation among older adults in Hong Kong SARINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 11 2003Paul S. F. Yip Abstract Objective The objective of this paper is to ascertain estimates of the prevalence, and associated risk factors for, suicidal ideation among community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. Method The study was conducted as part of the General Household Survey (GHS), using face to face interviews of ethnic Chinese people aged 60 or above living in the community. Elders living in institutions or elderly homes were excluded from the study. Results Six percent of the sample was found to have ever had suicide ideation. The results showed that poor physical health, including poor vision, hearing problems, and a greater number of diseases; and poor mental health, especially in the form of depression, are predictors of suicidal ideation in the elderly population. Also, statistical analysis by linking individual factors to depression showed that financial and relationship problems are significant risk factors as well. Older adults who engaged in active coping, that is, those who actively seek to manage or control the negative events in their lives, fare better with lower levels of suicidal ideation than those who use passive coping styles. Conclusions The prevalence of suicidal ideation is similar among elders in Hong Kong and western countries. Factors that contribute to risk for suicidal ideation span physical and mental health, social, and psychological domains. Although the association of suicidal ideation to self-destructive acts remains to be determined, these findings indicate a variety of potential foci for late life suicide prevention efforts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Psychosocial Functioning of Carcinoid Cancer Patients: Test of a Stress and Coping Mediated Model,JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2004Elizabeth Soliday This study examined a mediated-effects stress and coping model among cancer patients with carcinoid tumors to identify specific pathways with a view toward determining (a) which coping strategies predict more positive adjustment, (b) which strategies predict less positive adjustment, and (c) whether coping would mediate the effect of optimism on psychosocial outcomes. Coping strategies partially mediated the effects of optimism on the psychological adjustment in cancer patients with carcinoid tumors. Specifically, self-blame and active coping significantly predicted outcomes of distress. Thirty-seven percent of the respondents met criteria for elevated depressive symptoms warranting intervention. Generalizability of the mediated-effects stress and coping model and findings unique to the carcinoid population are discussed. [source] Examining the Intersection of Sex and Stress in Modelling Neuropsychiatric DisordersJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 4 2009N. Goel Sex-biased neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, are the major cause of disability in the developed world. Elevated stress sensitivity has been proposed as a key underlying factor in disease onset. Sex differences in stress sensitivity are associated with corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and serotonin neurotransmission, which are important central regulators of mood and coping responses. To elucidate the underlying neurobiology of stress-related disease predisposition, it is critical to develop appropriate animal models of stress pathway dysregulation. Furthermore, the inclusion of sex difference comparisons in stress responsive behaviours, physiology and central stress pathway maturation in these models is essential. Recent studies by our laboratory and others have begun to investigate the intersection of stress and sex where the development of mouse models of stress pathway dysregulation via prenatal stress experience or early-life manipulations has provided insight into points of developmental vulnerability. In addition, examination of the maturation of these pathways, including the functional importance of the organisational and activational effects of gonadal hormones on stress responsivity, is essential for determination of when sex differences in stress sensitivity may begin. In such studies, we have detected distinct sex differences in stress coping strategies where activational effects of testosterone produced females that displayed male-like strategies in tests of passive coping, but were similar to females in tests of active coping. In a second model of elevated stress sensitivity, male mice experiencing prenatal stress early in gestation showed feminised physiological and behavioural stress responses, and were highly sensitive to a low dose of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Analyses of expression and epigenetic patterns revealed changes in CRF and glucocorticoid receptor genes in these mice. Mechanistically, stress early in pregnancy produced a significant sex-dependent effect on placental gene expression that was supportive of altered foetal transport of key growth factors and nutrients. These mouse models examining alterations and hormonal effects on development of stress pathways provide necessary insight into how specific stress responses can be reprogrammed early in development resulting in sex differences in stress sensitivity and neuropsychiatric disease vulnerability. [source] Psychological distress and coping strategies in patients with psoriasis: the PSYCHAE StudyJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 9 2007A Finzi Abstract Objective, Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of psychological distress in a large sample of Italian patients with psoriasis; to establish whether disease severity and psychological distress are associated; to identify the strategies employed to cope with psoriasis; to evaluate the coping strategies employed by dermatologists; and to identify potential predictors of psychological distress. Design, Cross-sectional. Setting, Thirty-nine Italian dermatology centres. Subjects, One thousand five hundred and eighty (1580) patients with psoriasis. Methods, Minor psychological distress was evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and major psychopathological distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI); coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief COPE questionnaire; disease severity was evaluated using the body surface area index. Results, Patients were aged 44 ± 13 years (mean ± SD) and were mainly men (57%). Minor psychological distress was present in 46% of patients and major psychopathological distress in 11% of them. Both minor (54% vs. 40%, P < 0.0001) and major (17% vs. 7%, P < 0.0001) distress were more frequent in women than in men. The psychological status of women was worse than that of men independently from the extension of psoriasis. There was no association between the presence of distress and the treatment prescribed by dermatologists. Planning and active coping were the strategies most commonly employed by patients to cope with psoriasis, but there were between-gender differences. Most dermatologists employed a ,problem-orientated' attitude in caring for patients. Conclusions, (i) Psychological distress was relatively frequent in our patients with psoriasis; (ii) female gender was the most important predictive factor for psychological distress; (iii) there was no association between psoriasis severity and psychological distress; (iv) planning and active coping were the coping strategies most frequently employed by patients; and (v) most dermatologists employed a problem-orientated attitude in caring for patients. [source] Psychopathology is associated with dyspeptic symptom severity in primary care patients with a new episode of dyspepsiaALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 5 2009S. MUJAKOVIC Summary Background, Personality and psychiatric disorders are reported to be more common in dyspeptic patients with severe complaints, but it remains unclear whether this association exists for patients with mild and moderate dyspepsia. Aim, To study the association between dyspeptic symptom severity and psychopathology, major life events and coping ability in patients with a new episode of dyspepsia. Methods, Dyspeptic symptom severity was measured using the validated eight symptom Veldhuyzen van Zanten questionnaire. Psychopathology was measured using the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL 90). Major life events were measured with a modified version of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). Coping styles were measured by a short version of the Utrecht Coping Questionnaire, distinguishing six coping styles. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between dyspepsia symptom severity and psychological factors. Results, In all, 664 patients with a new episode of uninvestigated dyspepsia, aged >18 years were included. Dyspeptic symptom severity was positively correlated with the presence of depression (P < 0.01), somatization symptoms (P < 0.01), use of an active coping style (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with age (P < 0.01). Conclusions, Primary care patients consulting with dyspepsia have higher levels of depression and somatization especially at younger age. An active coping style is associated with dyspepsia symptom severity. [source] Psychosocial Differences Between Whites and African Americans Living With HIV/AIDS in Rural Areas of 13 US StatesTHE JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2006Bernadette Davantes Heckman PhD ABSTRACT:,Context: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevalence rates are increasing rapidly in rural areas of the United States. As rural African Americans are increasingly affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it is important to identify psychosocial factors unique to this group so that AIDS mental health interventions can be culturally contextualized to meet their unique needs. Purpose: The current study characterized psychosocial functioning in 43 rural African Americans living with HIV/AIDS and compared their levels of functioning to those of 196 HIV-infected rural white persons. Methods: All participants were recruited through AIDS service organizations in 13 US states. Surveys were completed as part of a preintervention phase of a randomized clinical trial evaluating 2 mental health interventions for HIV-infected rural persons. Findings: Compared to their white counterparts, fewer African Americans had progressed to AIDS. African American participants also reported higher levels of coping self-efficacy, more support from family members, and marginally fewer depressive symptoms, and they engaged in more active coping. African Americans who had greater HIV disease severity also received less support from family members and experienced more loneliness. Conclusions: Study findings caution that rural African Americans and whites living with HIV disease should not be considered a homogeneous group. [source] Religious and Non-Religious Pathways to Stress-Related Growth in Cancer SurvivorsAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 3 2009Crystal L. Park While religiousness and spirituality are important to many cancer survivors, relations of religiousness and spirituality with the stress-related growth commonly reported by survivors have not been well documented. In the present study, we examined the linkages between personal religiousness, religious control appraisals for the cancer, and religious coping with subsequent stress-related growth, and compared them with a parallel secular pathway, hope, self-control appraisals, and active coping. In all, 172 young to middle-aged adult survivors (113 women, 59 men, mean age = 45 years) of a variety of types of cancer who had been diagnosed approximately 2.5 years prior were assessed twice across a 1-year period. A structural equation model indicated that while both pathways predicted stress-related growth, the religious pathway was a much stronger predictor of subsequent stress-related growth than was the secular pathway. We suggest that more attention should be given to the influence of multiple dimensions of religiousness and spirituality on growth to better understand the transformative processes reported by many survivors. [source] Pre-adolescent gender differences in associations between temperament, coping, and moodCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 4 2010Gerly M. De Boo Abstract Relationships between temperament, coping, depressive and aggressive mood in 8,12-year-old boys (n = 185) and girls (n = 219) were investigated, with a focus on gender differences. Children completed two self-report questionnaires: the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised and Children's Coping Strategies Checklist-Revised1. Comparing boys and girls on three temperament dimensions, positive affectivity, negative affectivity and effortful control, girls scored higher than boys on the first two dimensions. Girls also scored higher than boys on avoidant coping and depressive mood. For both boys and girls, aggressive and depressive mood were predicted by negative affectivity. Coping did not add towards this prediction. Gender specific models of temperament, coping and depressive mood were tested. For girls, both effortful control and active problem solving, accounted for the variability in depressive mood. For boys, only effortful control accounted for variance in depressive mood. Results showed that gender specific vulnerability to depression in girls is apparent before adolescence and can be linked to temperament and coping. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: Pre-adolescent girls are more vulnerable to depression than boys. Interventions focussing on self-control, emotion regulation and active coping are tailored towards vulnerabilities in temperament and coping in girls. [source] Predictors of coping strategy selection in paediatric patientsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2002MA Landolt Aim: To assess the prevalence of specific coping strategies and predictors of coping strategy selection in 179 patients (mean age= 10.2 y). The children were investigated one month after the occurrence of an accident (n= 105), diagnosis of cancer (n= 26) or diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type I (n= 48). Results: Patients used a great variety of coping strategies. The most frequent strategies were cognitive avoidance, positive cognitive restructuring and avoidant actions. The strategies of seeking problem-focused support and emotion-focused support were rarely used. Diagnostic category, length of hospital stay, and gender were not associated with coping strategy use. Age, socioeconomic status and functional status of the patient were found to predict coping strategy selection. Younger children made less use of active coping, distraction and seeking support. Patients of lower socioeconomic status used religious coping strategies significantly more often, whereas patients with lower functional status used avoidance and support-seeking strategies more often. Conclusion: In this study it was found that paediatric patients used a wide variety of coping strategies, irrespective of diagnosis and gender. Age of the child and functional status were the most important predictors of coping strategy selection. [source] | |||||||||||||