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Conversion Technologies (conversion + technology)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	50%

Selected Abstracts

Fundamental study on biomass-fuelled ceramic fuel cell

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2002
B. Zhu
Abstract Recent development in the advanced intermediate temperature (400 to 700°C) ceramic fuel cell (CFC) research brings up feasibility and new opportunity to develop innovative biomass-fuelled CFC technology. This work focuses on fundamentals of the biomass-fuelled CFCs based on available biofuel resources through thermochemical conversion technologies. Both real producer gas from biomass gasification and imitative compounded gas were used as the fuel to operate the CFCs in the biomass CFC testing station. The composition of the fuel gas was varied in a wide range of practices of the present conversion technology both in KTH and Shandong Institute of Technology (SDIT). CFC performances were achieved between 100 and 700 mW cm,2 at 600,800°C corresponding to various gas compositions. A high performance close to 400 mW cm,2 was obtained at 600°C for the gas with the composition of H2 (50 per cent)+CO (15 per cent)+CO2 (15 per cent)+N2 (20 per cent) and more than 600 mW cm,2 for the H2 (55 per cent)+CO (28 per cent)+CO2 (17 per cent) at 700°C. This paper presents the experimental results and discusses the fundamentals and future potentiality on the biomass fuelled CFCs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Progress in corrosion protection as a requirement for technical progress,

MATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 7 2009
W. Fürbeth
Abstract In many of the more recent technologies, corrosion plays a crucial role in determining their successful application. The present paper identifies such important corrosion issues in a number of technologies, which are currently under development or have been recently discussed. In this sense, CO2 sequestration, fuel cells, offshore wind energy and other offshore technologies, geothermal energy, advanced coal conversion technologies, nuclear energy, light weight construction in transport, ionic liquids as well as medical technologies are discussed with respect to corrosion problems and existing research needs. In this way, this paper intends to show the complexity and the variety of corrosion topics of today and at the same time, point at the economic aspects and the impact on daily life. In the end, this leads to an introduction of the World Corrosion Organization and its study on future needs for research and development in materials degradation and corrosion control. [source]

Biorefinery systems , potential contributors to sustainable innovation

BIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS AND BIOREFINING, Issue 3 2010
Maria Wellisch
Abstract Sustainable biorefineries have a critical role to play in our common future. The need to provide more goods using renewable resources, combined with advances in science and technology, has provided a receptive environment for biorefinery systems development. Biorefineries offer the promise of using fewer non-renewable resources, reducing CO2 emissions, creating new employment, and spurring innovation using clean and efficient technologies. Lessons are being learned from the establishment of first-generation biofuel operations. The factors that are key to answering the question of biorefinery sustainability include: the type of feedstock, the conversion technologies and their respective conversion and energy efficiencies, the types of products (including coproducts) that are manufactured, and what products are substituted by the bioproducts. The BIOPOL review of eight existing biorefineries indicates that new efficient biorefineries can revitalize existing industries and promote regional development, especially in the R&D area. Establishment can be facilitated if existing facilities are used, if there is at least one product which is immediately marketable, and if supportive policies are in place. Economic, environmental, and social dimensions need to be evaluated in an integrated sustainability assessment. Sustainability principles, criteria, and indicators are emerging for bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts. Practical assessment methodologies, including data systems, are critical for both sustainable design and to assure consumers, investors, and governments that they are doing the ,right thing' by purchasing a certain bioproduct. If designed using lifecycle thinking, biorefineries can be profitable, socially responsible, and produce goods with less environmental impact than conventional products , and potentially even be restorative!. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [source]

The role of biomass in America's energy future: framing the analysis

BIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS AND BIOREFINING, Issue 2 2009
Lee R. Lynd
Abstract The Role of Biomass in America's Energy Future (RBAEF) project, initiated during the first half of 2003, has sought to identify and evaluate paths by which biomass can make a large contribution to energy services and determine means to accelerate biomass energy use. In addressing these issues, the study has focused on future, mature, technologies rather than today's technology. This perspective , the first of eight papers that comprise this issue , introduces the project, providing an operative definition of and method for estimating mature technology, a rationale for choosing the model feedstock, a list of the conversion technologies considered, and as a point of reference, a brief overview of the energy flows through a typical petroleum refinery. The subsequent papers are introduced as well. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [source]

Fundamental study on biomass-fuelled ceramic fuel cell

A multi-objective optimization approach to polygeneration energy systems design

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010
Pei Liu
Abstract Polygeneration, typically involving co-production of methanol and electricity, is a promising energy conversion technology which provides opportunities for high energy utilization efficiency and low/zero emissions. The optimal design of such a complex, large-scale and highly nonlinear process system poses significant challenges. In this article, we present a multiobjective optimization model for the optimal design of a methanol/electricity polygeneration plant. Economic and environmental criteria are simultaneously optimized over a superstructure capturing a number of possible combinations of technologies and types of equipment. Aggregated models are considered, including a detailed methanol synthesis step with chemical kinetics and phase equilibrium considerations. The resulting model is formulated as a non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. Global optimization and parallel computation techniques are employed to generate an optimal Pareto frontier. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010 [source]