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Conversion Table (conversion + table)
Selected AbstractsOestrogen receptor status of breast carcinoma: Allred/H score conversion tableHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008S Shousha No abstract is available for this article. [source] Obesity as a Confounding Health Factor Among Women With Mobility ImpairmentJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 10 2003FAAN, Nancy C. Sharts-Hopko PhD Purpose To examine the relationships between self-reported height and weight and factors associated with disabilities that impair mobility among adult women. Data Sources Survey data were gathered from a convenience sample of 83 women with disabilities at community events targeting the disabled population. Height, weight, and factors associated with their disabilities were reported on a demographic questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was estimated using a conversion table and the self-reported height and weight of each participant. Conclusions The average self-reported weight was 168.3 lb. Only 38% of the women fell into the normal range on estimated BMI, but 62% of the women fell into the categories of overweight or obese. The incidence of overweight and obesity exceeded that reported for the general population of women in a national sample X2= 6.48, p= 03, 2 df). Self-reported weight was positively correlated with the number of comorbidities reported by the women (r= .419, p < .0001). Implications The issue of obesity is an important problem facing women with disabilities. Women who have mobility limitations need to be weighed periodically, and strategies should be devised for weight management, including both dietary plans and appropriate exercise regimens given their limitations. [source] Transdermal Fentanyl: Little Absorption in Two Patients with Systemic Sclerosis?PAIN MEDICINE, Issue 3 2001Matthias Karst MD Two patients suffering from systemic sclerosis (SSc) were treated with the 25 ,/hr transdermal fentanyl patch for pain from either deltoid muscle tendinitis of the left arm or from ischemia of the left-hand thumb. When the medication was changed to either oral morphine or oral methadone, the effects did not correspond to the drug conversion table. These findings suggest that patients with SSc and other systemic skin diseases may be at risk for limited absorption of transdermal fentanyl. In contrast, no restriction of the absorption of transdermal testosterone was observed. [source] Opioid analgesic prescribing and use , an audit of analgesic prescribing by general practitioners and The Multidisciplinary Pain Centre at Royal Brisbane HospitalBRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 6 2001L. M. Nissen Aims, This study evaluated the use of and need for opioids in patients attending the Multidisciplinary Pain Centre at the Royal Brisbane Hospital (RBH). Methods, All consecutive in-patient admissions in 1998 were reviewed. A 10-point scoring system based on the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder was devised to facilitate comparison of analgesic prescribing on admission and at the time of discharge. A conversion table was used to standardize opioid analgesic doses to an oral morphine equivalent. Results, Of the 370 patients reviewed, 233 (81%) were by their general practitioners. Records of 288 (78%) were available for full review and 270 (94%) of these had noncancer pain. On admission, 239 (83%) were taking an opioid analgesic, with 135 (47%) taking strong opioids (e.g. morphine, oxycodone, methadone). There was a significant decrease in the mean total daily oral morphine equivalent prescribed on discharge 36.9 mg (95% CI: 33.4, 40.4) compared with that on admission 88.7 mg (95% CI: 77.6, 99.8) (P < 0.001). There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the proportion of patients taking a primary opioid on discharge 153 (58%) compared with admission 239 (83%), although the proportion of patients taking a strong opioid on discharge 150 (52%) compared with admission 135 (47%) was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The proportion of patients taking a laxative showed a significant increase on discharge 110 (73%) compared with admission 38 (28%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions, Our analgesic prescribing scoring system and opioid conversion table have the potential to be developed further as tools for assessing opioid analgesic prescribing. The significant decrease in total daily oral morphine equivalents signifies the value of prescribing in accordance with the WHO analgesic ladder, and the necessity of general practitioner education. The management of chronic pain is complex, and it requires interventions additional to pharmacological therapy. Evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, coupled with experience in and an understanding of analgesic prescribing and rehabilitation provides an effective basis for improving the management of patients with chronic pain. [source] Opioid Rotation in the Management of Chronic Pain: Where Is the Evidence?PAIN PRACTICE, Issue 2 2010K.C.P. Vissers MD Abstract The management of chronic pain remains a challenge because of its complexity and unpredictable response to pharmacological treatment. In addition, accurate pain management may be hindered by the prejudice of physicians and patients that strong opioids, classified as step 3 medications in the World Health Organization ladder for cancer pain management, are reserved for the end stage of life. Recent information indicates the potential value of strong opioids in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain. There are, up until now, insufficient data to provide indications about which opioid to use to initiate treatment or the dose to be used for any specific pain syndrome. The strong inter-patient variability in opioid receptor response and in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of strong opioids justifies an individual selection of the appropriate opioid and stepwise dose titration. Clinical experience shows that switching from one opioid to another may optimize pain control while maintaining an acceptable side effect profile or even improving the side effects. This treatment strategy, described as opioid rotation or switch, requires a dose calculation for the newly started opioid. Currently, conversion tables and equianalgesic doses are available. However, those recommendations are often based on data derived from studies designed to evaluate acute pain relief, and sometimes on single dose studies, which reduces this information to the level of an indication. In daily practice, the clinician needs to titrate the optimal dose during the opioid rotation from a reduced calculated dose, based on the clinical response of the patient. Further research and studies are needed to optimize the equianalgesic dosing tables. [source] | ||||||||||