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Controversial Data (controversial + data)

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Medical Sciences80%

Selected Abstracts

Major influence of liver function itself but not of immunosuppression determines glucose tolerance after living-donor liver transplantation,,

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 4 2006
Martin Stockmann
Controversial data exists concerning the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on the development of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Therefore, we investigated glucose metabolism in healthy donors and in recipients of living-donor liver transplants (LD-LTX, n=18) without pre-existing diabetes mellitus before, on day 10, month 6, and month 12 after intervention. The computer-assisted analysis of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide profiles obtained from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests allows to achieve an integrated view of factors controlling glucose tolerance, i.e., insulin sensitivity (SI), first and second phase insulin secretion (,1 and ,2). SI of donors declined by day 10 after operation (SI 2.65 ± 0.41 vs. 4.90 ± 0.50 10,4 minute,1 ,U ml,1, P < 0.01) but returned to values as before after 6 months. ,1 did not change. ,2, however, significantly increased by day 10 (8.57 ± 0.82 109 minute,1 to 13.77 ± 1.53 109 minute,1, P < 0.01) but was in the same range as before after 6 months. In parallel to donors SI of recipients progressively increased after LD-LTX. ,1 did not alter in recipients. ,2 continuously decreased and was not different from donors by month 12. The extent of liver injury assessed by liver enzyme concentrations and liver function represented by cholinesterase activity, albumin, and INR were closely related with changes of SI in donors and recipients during the first year after intervention. In conclusion, the extent of liver damage plays a predominant role in regulating glucose tolerance. No impact of immunosuppressive therapy on SI, ,1 and ,2 was detected. Liver Transpl 12:535,543, 2006. © 2006 AASLD. [source]

Absence of lymphatic vessels in human dental pulp: a morphological study

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2010
Renato Gerli
Gerli R, Secciani I, Sozio F, Rossi A, Weber E, Lorenzini G. Absence of lymphatic vessels in human dental pulp: a morphological study. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 110,117. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Few and controversial data are available in the literature regarding the presence of lymphatic vessels in the human dental pulp. The present study was designed to examine morphologically the existence of a lymph drainage system in human dental pulp. Human dental pulp and skin sections were immunohistochemically stained with specific antibodies for lymphatic endothelium (D2-40, LYVE-1, VEGFR-3 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3], and Prox-1), with the pan-endothelial markers CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and with the blood-specific marker CD34. Several blood vessels were identified in human pulps and skin. Lymphatic vessels were found in all human skin samples but in none of the pulps examined. Western blotting performed on human dermis and on pulps treated with collagenase (to remove odontoblasts) confirmed these results. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that vessels which, by light microscopy, appeared to be initial lymphatic vessels had no anchoring filaments or discontinuous basement membrane, both of which are typical ultrastructural characteristics of lymphatic vessels. These results suggest that under normal conditions human dental pulp does not contain true lymphatic vessels. The various theories about dental pulp interstitial fluid circulation should be revised accordingly. [source]

Homoploid hybrid speciation in animals

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 19 2008
JESÚS MAVÁREZ
Abstract Among animals, evidence for homoploid hybrid speciation (HHS, i.e. the creation of a hybrid lineage without a change in chromosome number) was limited until recently to the virgin chub, Gila seminuda, and some controversial data in support of hybrid status for the red wolf, Canis rufus. This scarcity of evidence, together with pessimistic attitudes among zoologists about the evolutionary importance of hybridisation, prompted the view that HHS is extremely rare among animals, especially as compared with plants. However, in recent years, the literature on animal HHS has expanded to include several new putative examples in butterflies, ants, flies and fishes. We argue that this evidence suggests that HHS is far more common than previously thought and use it to provide insights into some of the genetic and ecological aspects associated with this type of speciation among animals. [source]

The AJT Report: News and issues that affect organ and tissue transplantation

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 8 2009
SUE PONDROM
This month, "The AJT Report" examines challenges the proposed national paired kidney donation program may face. We also look at controversial data from a study on double-lung transplants. [source]

Regulatory T cells in atopic dermatitis: epidermal dendritic cell clusters may contribute to their local expansion

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2009
A. Szegedi
Summary Background, Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an essential role in tolerance and immune regulation. However, few and controversial data have been published to date on the role and number of these cells in atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives, To investigate the number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs and interleukin 10-producing T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells in patients with AD. Methods, Peripheral blood and skin biopsy samples from atopy patch test (APT)-positive patients with acute- and chronic-phase AD were investigated. Immunohistochemistry was applied to identify CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs in the skin, while flow cytometry was used to detect CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs and Tr1 cells in the peripheral blood. Results, In the peripheral blood samples of patients with AD significantly elevated numbers of Tr1 cells were found. Although neither the absolute number nor the percentage of CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs showed significant alteration in the peripheral blood of patients, increased numbers of FOXP3+ Tregs were detected in skin biopsy specimens. All of the APT-positive skin samples showed epidermal dendritic cell aggregates, morphologically consistent with so-called Langerhans cell microgranulomas, which also contained intermingled FOXP3+ Tregs. Conclusions, Tr1 cell numbers were elevated in the peripheral blood and increased numbers of CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs were detected in the skin of patients with AD. The epidermal dendritic cell clusters in APT-positive lesional skin showed a close connection to the FOXP3+ Tregs. [source]