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Control Boys (control + boy)
Selected AbstractsPersisting motor control problems in 11- to 12-year-old boys previously diagnosed with deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP)DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2000Annette Sandahl Christiansen The aim of this study was to examine whether boys who had been previously diagnosed between the ages of 5 and 8 years with deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) still have problems with motor control, which influence their spare-time and everyday activities, at 11 to 12 years. The study comprised a well defined cohort of 10 boys with DAMP and a control group of 20 boys without DAMP matched for age, height, and weight. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children was used to assess motor control in ability to perform everyday activities, and the spare-time activities in which the boys participated were recorded. Individually, the boys previously diagnosed with DAMP had a markedly higher total score (poor performance) than the boys without DAMP (P<0.001). The everyday activities of boys with DAMP were significantly affected, and they chose to participate in different sports from the control boys, i.e. none participated in team sports. The present study does not support the concept of improvements in motor control with age in children with DAMP. [source] Differentiation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity on objective activity levels using actigraphsPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 3 2009Noa Tsujii md Aims:, To clarify differences in objective activity levels between children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and hyperactivity. Method:, Eighteen boys with combined type ADHD, 10 boys with PDD with hyperactivity, and 18 control boys wore actigraphs for 1 week while attending elementary school. In addition to the average activity level, the standard deviation in the activity levels were compared for two continuous situations: (i) in-seat classes, in which the participants were expected to sit in their own seats and learn quietly; and (ii) free recess periods following the in-seat classes. Results:, All the groups were affected by the situational shift, the average activity level of each the groups was higher and the standard deviation was smaller than those during the in-seat classes. The boys with ADHD exhibited a still smaller standard deviation than the controls and the boys with PDD and hyperactivity during the free recess period; no difference between the controls and the boys with PDD was seen. The boys with PDD exhibited a significantly lower average activity level than the other groups. No differences among the groups in the average activity levels and standard deviation were seen during the in-seat classes. Conclusions:, The observed objective activity levels in each group reflect the degree to which the boys are able to tolerate changes in situations. Objective measurement of activity levels may be useful to differentiate hyperactivity in children with ADHD from that in children without ADHD. [source] DELINQUENCY AND BEING TAKEN INTO CARE: A THREE-GENERATIONAL STUDYBRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY, Issue 4 2000Tom Pitt-Aikens ABSTRACT Therapeutic experience has suggested that there may be an association between parental loss and delinquency. Losses experienced by boys in care and their families were compared with losses experienced by control boys and their families. Boys in care had experienced significantly more losses through the death, divorce or separation of their parents than had control boys. The mothers of boys in care had also experienced significantly more losses when they were minors than any other group, including their sons. Maternal losses are significantly associated with boys being taken into care following legal proceedings. [source] Abnormal vessel morphology in boys born after intracytoplasmic sperm injectionACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2008Margareta Hök Wikstrand Abstract Aim: Children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are at risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and perinatal morbidity which may predispose for diseases of the central nervous and vascular systems. Our aim was to investigate the ocular fundus morphology in children born after ICSI. Method: Children born after ICSI (n = 82) had ocular fundus photographs taken at the age of 5 years and results were compared with those of a control group (n = 203). The ocular fundus morphology with the central retinal vessels was evaluated by digital image analysis. Results: Children born after ICSI (n = 57) had abnormal retinal vascularization as evidenced by a lower number of vascular branching points compared with the control group (n = 181) (p = 0.0002). A gender difference was found whereby the ICSI boys (n = 35) had significantly fewer retinal branching points (median 24, range 19,29.5) compared with the control boys (median 27.5, range 20,37) (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings showed that ICSI boys have abnormal vessel morphology as demonstrated by a reduced number of central retinal branching points. The difference still remained after elimination of factors earlier shown to be associated with a low number of vascular branching points, i.e. low birth weight and preterm, suggesting other mechanisms responsible for the low number of vascular branching points. [source] Elevated levels of growth-related hormones in autism and autism spectrum disorderCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 2 2007James L. Mills Summary Objective Children with autism are known to have larger head circumferences; whether they are above average in height and weight is less clear. Moreover, little is known about growth-related hormone levels in children with autism. We investigated whether children with autism were taller and heavier, and whether they had higher levels of growth-related hormones than control children did. Design A case-control study design was employed. Patients Boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism (n = 71) and age-matched control boys (n = 59) were evaluated at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Measurements Height, weight and head circumference were measured. Blood samples were assayed for IGF-1 and 2, IGFBP-3, growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) and for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulphate (DHEAS). Results Subjects with autism/ASD had significantly (P = 0·03) greater head circumferences (mean z-score 1·24, SD 1·35) than controls (mean z-score 0·78, SD 0·93). Subjects with autism also had significantly (P = 0·01) greater weights (mean z-score 0·91, SD 1·13) than controls (mean z-score 0·41, SD 1·11). Height did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0·65); subjects with autism/ASD had significantly (P = 0·003) higher body mass indices (BMI) (mean z-score 0·85, SD 1·19) than controls (mean z-score 0·24, SD 1·17). Levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-3 and GHBP in the group with autism/ASD were all significantly higher (all P , 0·0001) than in controls. Conclusions Children with autism/ASD had significantly higher levels of many growth-related hormones: IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-3 and GHBP. These findings could help explain the significantly larger head circumferences and higher weights and BMIs seen in these subjects. Future studies should examine the potential role of growth-related hormones in the pathophysiology of autism. [source] | ||||||||||