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Control Biopsies (control + biopsy)
Selected AbstractsComplete recovery of intestinal mucosa occurs very rarely in adult coeliac patients despite adherence to gluten-free dietALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 12 2009A. LANZINI Summary Background, Expected benefits of gluten-free diet (GFD) in coeliac patients include healing of small intestinal mucosa, but it remains unclear to what extent this benefit is achieved in adults. Aim, To assess factors affecting histological outcome of GFD in a large cohort of adult coeliac patients. Methods, We extracted information on 465 consecutive coeliac patients studied before and during GFD. Results, Duodenal biopsies at diagnosis were classified as Marsh I in 11, II in 25 and III in 429 cases. After a median 16 months GFD, 38 (8%) patients had histological ,normalization', 300 (65%) had ,remission' with persistent intraepithelial lymphocytosis, 121(26%) had ,no change' and 6 (1%) had ,deterioration'. Coeliac disease related serology was negative in 83% of patients with Marsh III lesion during GFD. Male gender and adherence to GFD were independently associated with histological ,normalization' and ,remission'. Persistence of intraepithelial lymphocytosis was not associated with human lymphocyte antigen gene dose or with Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusions, Complete normalization of duodenal lesions is exceptionally rare in adult coeliac patients despite adherence to GFD, symptoms disappearance and negative CD related serology. Control biopsies are mandatory to identify lack of response to gluten-free diet. [source] The molecular basis of urgency: regional difference of vanilloid receptor expression in the human urinary bladder,NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 3 2007Lu Liu Abstract Aim Treatments targeting vanilloid receptor TRPV1 are effective in some bladder disorders. Our aim was to determine the expression profiles of TRPV1 in regions of human bladder and test the hypothesis that there would be an upregulation of TRPV1 in mucosa of patients with bladder hypersensitivity but not idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO). Materials and Methods Women with sensory urgency (SU), interstitial cystitis (IC), and IDO were investigated by videourodynamics and cystoscopy. Control biopsies were used for comparison. Biopsies were dissected into mucosa and muscle, and evaluated for TRPV1 mRNA expression using quantitative competitive RT-PCR (QC-RT-PCR). Results TRPV1 mRNA from SU trigonal mucosa was significantly higher than control trigonal mucosa or SU bladder body mucosa. In contrast, in IDO patients, there was no difference between trigonal mucosa and body mucosa. In IC biopsies, RNA quality was substandard and unable to be used for analysis. The most striking finding was that TRPV1 mRNA expressed in SU trigonal mucosa was significantly inversely correlated with the bladder volume at first sensation of filling during cystometry. No such relationship was seen for IDO trigonal mucosa. No difference was seen in bladder body mucosa from any disease groups compared with age-matched control. Conclusions The symptoms of SU were associated with the increased expression of TRPV1 mRNA in the trigonal mucosa. No upregulation or regional differences of TRPV1 mRNA were seen in IDO patients. TRPV1 may play a role in SU and premature first bladder sensation on filling. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:433,438, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Intrahepatic hepatitis C viral RNA status of serum polymerase chain reaction,negative individuals with histological changes on liver biopsyHEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Sharon Barrett For individuals testing anti-HCV positive but negative for HCV RNA in serum, diagnosis remains unclear. Debate exists over whether these individuals have resolved infection or have similar clinical, histological, and virological profiles as serum PCR,positive individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of histological changes in the liver of 33 serum PCR,negative women by investigation of clinical, histological, and intrahepatic HCV RNA status. For comparison, clinical and histological data from 100 serum PCR,positive women is presented. Viral RNA status was determined in snap-frozen liver biopsies using a sensitive nested PCR with an internal control. Although serum PCR,positive and ,negative individuals shared similar age at diagnosis, source, and duration of infection, they differed from a clinical, histological, and virological perspective. Mean serum ALT levels were significantly lower in serum PCR,negative women (27.4 IU/L ± 18 vs. 58.7 IU/L ± 40 P < .001). Similarly, although inflammation (82%) and mild fibrosis (15%) were observed in PCR,negative biopsies, the mean HAI/fibrosis scores were significantly lower than in serum PCR,positive biopsies (1.9 ± 1.5/0.15 ± 0.4 vs. 4.2 ± 1.4/1.1 ± 1.3, respectively). Finally, HCV RNA was not detectable in serum PCR,negative liver biopsies but was detectable in all serum PCR,positive control biopsies. In conclusion, serum PCR,negative individuals may have mild histological abnormalities more suggestive of nonspecific reactive changes, steatosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rather than chronic HCV, even when significant antibody responses are present in serum. Negative serum PCR status appears to reflect cleared past-exposure in liver. [source] Preserved Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 expression and localization, but decreased NHE3 function indicate regulatory sodium transport defect in ulcerative colitis,INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 7 2010Sunil Yeruva PhD Abstract Background: A major causative factor of diarrhea in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients is the loss of Na+ absorptive capacity of the inflamed colonic mucosa. Potential contributing mechanisms include reduced driving force for active transport, and impaired expression, mislocalization, or defective transport function of Na+ absorptive proteins. We therefore studied the expression, brush border membrane (BBM) localization, and transport capacity of the major intestinal Na+ absorptive protein, the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) in biopsies from UC patients. Methods: In UC and control biopsies, inflammation was graded histologically, NHE3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-,), villin, as well as other housekeeping genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), BBM localization of NHE3 determined by immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy. Na+ absorptive capacity was assessed by 22Na+ isotope fluxes and NHE3 transport activity measured microfluorometrically in BCECF-loaded surface colonocytes within isolated crypts. Results: In mildly, moderately, and severely inflamed sigmoid colon of UC patients, neither NHE3 mRNA expression nor the abundance of NHE3 in the BBM was significantly altered compared to other structural components of the BBM. However, Na+ absorption was strongly reduced by ,80% and acid-activated NHE3 transport activity was significantly decreased in the surface cells of sigmoid colonic crypts even in moderately inflamed mucosa. Conclusions: In the colonic mucosa of patients with active UC, NHE3 transport capacity was found significantly decreased despite correct NHE3 location and abundance in the brush border, independent of current treatment. These findings suggest functional NHE3 transport as a novel factor for inflammatory diarrhea in UC patients. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010) [source] Penile Enhancement Using Autologous Tissue Engineering with Biodegradable Scaffold: A Clinical and Histomorphometric StudyTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010Sava V. Perovic PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Autologous tissue engineering with biodegradable scaffolds is a new treatment option for real penile girth enhancement. Aim., The aim of this article is to evaluate tissue remodeling after penile girth enhancement using this technique. Methods., Between June 2005 and May 2007, a group of 12 patients underwent repeated penile widening using biodegradable scaffolds enriched with expanded autologous scrotal dartos cells. Clinical monitoring was parallel to histological investigation of tissue remodeling. During second surgical procedure, biopsies were obtained 10,14 months after first surgery (mean 12 months, N = 6) and compared with those obtained after 22,24 months (mean 23 months, N = 6), and control biopsies from patients who underwent circumcision (N = 5). Blind evaluation of histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical finding was performed in paraffin sections. Main Outcome Measurements., Penile girth gain in a flaccid state ranged between 1.5 and 3.8 cm (mean 2.1 ± 0.28 cm) and in full erection between 1.2 and 4 cm (mean 1.9 ± 0.28 cm). Patients' satisfaction, defined by a questionnaire, was good (25%) and very good (75%). Results., In biopsies obtained 10,14 months after first surgery, highly vascularized loose tissue with collagen deposition associated with small foci of mild chronic and granulomatous inflammation surrounding residual amorphous material was observed. Fibroblast-like hyperplasia and small vessel neoangiogenesis occurred intimately associated with the progressive growth of vascular-like structures from accumulation of CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells surrounding residual scaffold-like amorphous material. Capillary neoangiogenesis occurred inside residual amorphous material. In biopsies obtained after 22,24 months, inflammation almost disappeared and tissue closely resembled that of the dartos fascia of control group. Conclusions., Autologous tissue engineering using expanded scrotal dartos cells with biodegradable scaffolds is a new and promising method for penile widening that generates progressive accumulation of stable collagen-rich, highly vascularized tissue matrix that closely resemble deep dartos fascia. Perovic SV, Sansalone S, Djinovic R, Ferlosio A, Vespasiani G, and Orlandi A. Penile enhancement using autologous tissue engineering with biodegradable scaffold: A clinical and histomorphometric study. J Sex Med 2010;7:3206,3215. [source] Can color doppler predict the uniformity of HIFU-induced prostate tissue destruction?THE PROSTATE, Issue 4 2004Olivier Rouvière Abstract Background Tissue blood perfusion influences the results of some hyperthermia and thermotherapy procedures, but its role in the outcome of prostate cancer treatment by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has not been evaluated yet. We evaluated preoperative prostate color Doppler as a predictor of the efficacy of HIFU treatment. Methods Thirty-five patients underwent pre- and post-contrast color Doppler examination of the prostate before HIFU treatment. Specific software was used to calculate, on color Doppler images, the color pixel density (CPD), and the specific flow (SF, i.e., mean velocity,×,CPD) in different regions of interest. Post-treatment sextant biopsies were obtained in 31 patients, 5.8,±,2.8 months after HIFU treatment. Results No significant correlation was found between the uniformity of HIFU-induced tissue destruction observed on control biopsies and the pre-treatment CPD/SF values in any region of interest, either before or after contrast injection. On the other hand, history of radiation therapy was significantly associated with homogeneous tissue destruction and history of hormone therapy was significantly associated with incomplete tissue destruction. Conclusions Color Doppler cannot predict the uniformity of HIFU-induced tissue destruction. History of radiation therapy was found to be a factor of favorable prognosis and history of hormone therapy was found to be a factor of poor prognosis in our population. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Detection of myxovirus resistance protein A in lichen planus lesions and its relationship to hepatitis C virusBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2009O.G. Shaker Summary Background, Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory disease of the skin and oral mucosa. Studies suggested that type I interferons (IFNs) could play an important role in the cytotoxic inflammation in LP. Type I IFNs stimulate the production of several IFN-induced proteins including myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA protein). The association of LP and chronic hepatitis C is well established, with variable prevalence rates among different populations. Many authors have considered hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a possible antigen for inducing cytotoxic immune response in LP. Objectives, To investigate the role of type I IFNs in LP through the detection of MxA protein, and to compare the expression of MxA protein between HCV-positive and HCV-negative patients with LP in an attempt to clarify the role of HCV in the pathogenesis of LP. Methods, The study included 33 skin biopsies from patients with LP and 10 control biopsies. MxA mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. HCV-specific antibodies were detected in patient sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results, Our analysis revealed a significantly higher level of MxA protein in all the LP skin biopsies compared with controls. The expression was significantly higher in HCV-positive patients than in HCV-negative patients. Conclusions, Type I IFNs play a role in the pathogenesis of LP, and HCV could induce LP through increasing the production of type I IFNs. [source] | ||||||||||