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Selected AbstractsCorporate Governance in Germany and the German Corporate Governance CodeCORPORATE GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2005Gerhard Cromme The term "corporate governance", and all that it implies, is now in everyday use in Germany. This is due to the enormous changes Germany has experienced in recent years, in international business, international finance and in German industrial structures. This contribution deals with recent changes in the German system of corporate governance. After a short historical review, the major elements of the international context that form the background for changes in Germany are discussed. This is followed by an explanation of the German Corporate Governance Code and its role, concluding with a prospectus for further possible developments and a summary of key points. [source] Theoretical crack path predictionFATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, Issue 1-2 2005H. A. RICHARD ABSTRACT In many practical cases, the crack growth leads to abrupt failure of components and structures. For reasons of a reliable quantification of the endangerment due to sudden fracture of a component, therefore, it is of enormous importance to know the threshold values, the crack paths and the growth rates for the fatigue crack growth as well as the limiting values for the beginning of unstable crack growth (fracture toughness). This contribution deals with the complex problem of a,however initiated,crack, that is subjected to a mixed-mode loading. It will present the hypotheses and concepts, which describe the superposition of Mode I and Mode II (plane mixed mode) as well as the superposition of all three modes (Mode I, II and III) for spatial loading conditions. Those concepts admit a quantitative appraisal of such crack situations and a characterization of possible crack paths. [source] DIFFERENTIAL SUBURBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRAGUE URBAN REGIONGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2007Martin Ou ABSTRACT. Numerous authors have asserted that suburbanization contributes to many problems in both suburban and inner city localities. Research of suburban development demonstrates variations in spatial patterns, the intensity of spatial processes, and the social and economic status of new suburbanites. While some forms of suburban development could cause serious problems throughout the urban region, other forms could be perceived as processes improving the quality of life in suburbia. This paper seeks to investigate different types of suburban development in the Prague urban region over the past fifteen years of transformation. The focus of my interest is residential suburbanization, which is one of the most significant spatial processes today in the settlement systems of post-socialist countries. The theoretical part of the contribution deals with the differentiation of spatial processes changing the suburban zone. Here I discuss the concepts of several processes of suburban development and their distinctive impact on both suburban and inner city localities. The empirical part of the contribution is based on an analysis of migration flows in the various localities of the Prague urban region in the period 1995 to 2003. I attempt to describe the magnitude and spatial patterns of suburbanization and the composition of migrants to suburbia. The paper concludes with a discussion about the possible future development of suburbanization in the Prague urban region. [source] Influence of the Non-Perfect Step Input Concentration at the Feed Side of the Membrane Surface on the Diffusion Coefficient EvaluationMACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS, Issue 3 2006Jirina Cermakova Abstract Summary: Vapor diffusion coefficients in polymeric membranes were evaluated from dynamic permeation experiments. A membrane separated the diffusion cell into two parts , upstream and downstream. At the start of the experiment the concentration change in the upstream part (feed side) was made by substituting the input stream of pure nitrogen by the stream of permeant vapors. The solution of the Fick's second law with the step input concentration function is used for the evaluation of diffusion coefficients. The realization of the step input function can be difficult and its imperfection can negatively influence the evaluation process. This contribution deals with the description of the experimentally obtained input function and the study of its influence on evaluated values of diffusion coefficients. The mathematical model, which includes the non-perfect step input concentration function and the transport through a polymer was developed. The results of this study enable the estimation of diffusion coefficient evaluation errors as dependence on the experimental arrangements and on the membrane transport properties. Diffusion apparatus for measurement of the steady-state permeation process. [source] Sonderlösungen bei der Tragwerksplanung auf der Grundlage der neuen Normen , Klimatische EinwirkungenBAUTECHNIK, Issue 3 2005Hans-Jürgen Niemann Prof. em. Der folgende Beitrag befaßt sich mit den klimatischen Einwirkungen auf weit gespannte Dächer. Im Zentrum stehen die Windlasten. Die Angaben der Norm lassen sich durch Sonderuntersuchungen zuschärfen, soweit die Regelungen das nahe legen und der zusätzliche Aufwand gerechtfertigt ist. Das gilt sowohl für das Windklima am Bauwerksstandort als auch für die aerodynamischen Beiwerte, für die im allgemeinen Windkanalversuche die Grundlage bilden. In einer neuen Norm, der DIN 1055 Teil 100: "Grundlagen der Tragwerksplanung, Sicherheitskonzept und Bemessungsregeln", werden erstmalig die Anforderungen an die Tragsicherheit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit einer Konstruktion formuliert und festgelegt. Sie definiert die Lastannahmen als Teil des Sicherheitskonzepts, legt die Anforderungen an das Lastniveau fest und bestimmt so die Spielräume für eine Zuschärfung der Lastannahmen durch Sonderuntersuchungen für ein bestimmtes Bauprojekt. Hinzu kommen einzelne Öffnungsklauseln, die in den Normen für Wind- und Schneelasten vorgesehen sind. Der Beitrag stellt die Rahmenbedingungen für eine Optimierung der Lastannahmen dar. Special solutions in structural design on the basis of the new design codes , climatic actions. The following contribution deals with climatic actions on large lightweight roofs of stadia. The focus is on the wind loads. In some cases, it becomes necessary or advantageous to provide more precise design wind loads compared to the code provisions. This applies to the local wind climate as well as to the aerodynamic coefficients. The framework for such investigations is established by the requirements set by the code DIN 1055-100: Basis of design, with regard to structural safety and reliability, and by those basic stipulations in the wind loading code which may not be altered. The author presents and discusses the framework for optimised design wind loads. [source] Die Schweizer Stadien der EM 2008: Windtechnische Untersuchungen zur Beurteilung der Windlasten, des Benutzerkomforts und des MikroklimasBAUTECHNIK, Issue 3 2005Martin Wieland Dr. Die Fußballeuropameisterschaft 2008 findet in der Schweiz und Österreich statt. Der folgende Beitrag befaßt sich mit den windtechnischen Untersuchungen zum St. Jakob-Stadion in Basel und dem Wankdorf-Stadion in Bern. Beide Stadien zeichnen sich durch ihren multifunktionalen Charakter aus: in Basel ist in den Baukomplex eine Seniorenresidenz integriert, in Bern befindet sich ein Einkaufszentrum unter dem Stadion, und in die Dachkonstruktion ist die größte Photovoltaikanlage der Schweiz eingebunden. In beiden Projekten wurden anhand von Windkanaluntersuchungen die maßgebenden Windlasten zur Tribünenüberdachung und den umlaufenden Bauwerksfassaden ermittelt. Bei der Gestaltung der Fassadenöffnungen sowie der Dachform wurde jeweils ein Optimum zwischen dem gewünschten Zuschauerkomfort und der notwendigen Stadionbe- und -entlüftung entwickelt. The Swiss stadia of the European Championchip 2008 , aerodynamic investigations to assess windloads, user's comfort and microclimats. The european championchip 2008 will take place in Switzerland and Austria. The following contribution deals with the building aerodynamic investigations to the St. Jakob-Stadium in Basel and the Wankdorf-Stadium in Bern. Both stadia are characterized by their multiple functionality: in Basel the building complex integrates a residential accommodation for seniors, in Bern a shopping mall is arranged underneath the grandstands and the greatest photovoltaics of Switzerland is built in the roof structure. By means of wind tunnel investigations in both projects the decisive windloads for the tribunes and the facades are determined. The users' comfort and the necessary ventilation of the stadium is optimized by the design of the facades openings and the style of the roof. [source] Reduction of the Water Demand in the Process Industry by Production-Integrated Application of the Catalytic Electrolysis,CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 7 2004M. Forstmeier In many process industry applications fresh water demand can be reduced significantly by production-integrated electrolytic disinfection of the process water. This contribution deals with the basic principles of electrolytic water disinfection and presents two case studies: application of the proposed method during the production of liquid detergents and during a metallurgical production process. [source] | ||||||||||