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Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Influence of fibre length and filler particle size on pore structure and mechanical strength of filler-containing paper

THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2000
Noriyoshi Kinoshita
Abstract Test sheets were prepared by incorporating softwood pulp with silica filler, PW-5 (diameter 4.5 ,m) or PW-20 (15 ,m). Length-weighted averages of fibre were 2.5 (uncut fibre) and 1.25 mm (short-cut fibre). Pore sizes less than 150 urn were measured by mercury porosimeter. Sheets of short-cut fibres and mixed with uncut fibres at ratio of 3:1 or 1:3 had larger pore volumes than others tested. When filler content increased, the total pore volume increased for PW-20 sheets, but it did not for PW-5 sheets with short-cut fibres. Tensile index and folding endurance were very much affected by fibre length. Contact number on a fibre was calculated by computer simulation, and it had a linear relation with tensile index of sheet. Des échantillons de feuilles ont été préparés en incorporant dans de la pâte de bois tendre une charge de silice, soit du PW-5 (diamètre 4,5 ,m) ou du PW-20 (15 ,n). Les moyennes pondérées de la longueur des fibres sont de 2,5 (fibre non coupée) et 1,25 mm (fibre courte). Des distributions de taille des pores inférieures à 150 ,m ont été mesurées à l'aide d'un porosimètre au mercure. Les feuilles fabriquées avec des fibres courtes et celles mélangées à des fibres non coupees dans des rapports de 3:1 et 1:3 présentent de plus grands volumes de pores que les autres. Lorsque la charge augmente, le volume total des pores augmente pour les feuilles ayant du PW-20, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les feuilles contenant du PW-5 avec des fibres courtes. L'indice de traction et l'endurance au pliage sont très influencés par la longueur des fibres. Le nombre de contacts sur une fibre a été calculé au moyen de simulations par ordinateur et il varie linéairement avec l'indice de traction des feuilles. [source]

Routine day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy,

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 3 2004
P. C. Leeder
Background: A prospective study was carried out to assess the feasibility of performing true day-case laparoscopic surgery in a district general hospital. Methods: All patients admitted consecutively under the care of one surgeon for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. Selection criteria for a day-case procedure included an American Society of Anesthesiologists grade of I or II and the availability of a responsible carer at home. Patients were discharged 4,6 h after surgery with a standard analgesia pack and a contact number for advice. All patients were contacted by telephone on the day after discharge. A postal questionnaire was sent to the first 100 patients to assess satisfaction with the day-case process. Results: Of 357 patients admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a 24-month period, 154 (43·1 per cent) were operated on as day cases on a morning theatre list. Twenty-two patients required an overnight stay (14·3 per cent), three because of conversion to an open procedure. One patient was readmitted for neck pain. Eighty-two (92·1 per cent) of 89 patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with the day-case procedure. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a low rate of overnight stay (14·3 per cent) and readmission (1·9 per cent), and a high degree of patient satisfaction for day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Copyright © 2004 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Potential impact of a new blood glucose monitoring device: the GlucoWatch® Biographer

PRACTICAL DIABETES INTERNATIONAL (INCORPORATING CARDIABETES), Issue 4 2002
NN Chan
Abstract Home blood glucose monitoring may be laborious, time-consuming, inconvenient and painful. Failure to test may preclude optimisation of glycaemic control. We aimed to evaluate the potential usefulness of a new noninvasive automatic glucose monitor, the GlucoWatch® Biographer. Eight patients with type 1 diabetes and two with type 2 diabetes (4M:6F) aged between 23 and 65 years participated in this study. All participants were given 1 hour of instruction prior to provision of the GlucoWatch®. They were given contact numbers and reviewed weekly. Several disadvantages were encountered by the participants, which included the daily 3 hour calibration period (n = 10), skin irritations (n = 6) and skipped measurements (n = 2) due to unsatisfactory probe contact due to skin temperature or sweats. Several patients, however, found it invaluable to have their daily profile monitored to allow insulin dosage adjustment and detection of hypoglycaemia. The GlucoWatch® Biographer is an invaluable tool that allows noninvasive detection of glucose trends, which contributes to glycaemic control. However, it is not suitable for every patient. Self-motivation and ability to learn how to use the device are the key factors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

IDentify, Educate and Alert (IDEA) trial: an intervention to reduce postnatal depression

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 9 2003
Joan Webster
Objective To test the effectiveness of a prenatal intervention in reducing the incidence of postnatal depression. Design A randomized controlled trial. Setting A large metropolitan obstetric hospital. Population or sample Pregnant women with risk factors for postnatal depression. Methods Women attending their first prenatal visit at the Royal Women's Hospital, Brisbane, were screened for risk factors for postnatal depression (IDentify). Positively screened women were randomly allocated to the intervention group or the control group. The intervention consisted of a booklet about postnatal depression, which included contact numbers; prenatal screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; a discussion with the woman about her risk of developing postnatal depression (Educate); and a letter to the woman's referring general practitioner and local Child Health Nurse, alerting them of the woman's risk for postnatal depression (Alert). Main outcome measure Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Score> 12 at 16 weeks postpartum. Results Of the 509 women who were sent a follow up questionnaire, 371 (72.9%) responded. The proportion of women who reported an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of>12 was 26%. There were no significant differences between intervention (46/192, 24%) and control groups (50/177, 28.2%) on this primary outcome measure (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.50,1.28). Conclusion Over one-quarter of women with risk factors will develop postnatal depression. It is a treatable disorder but under-diagnosis is common. Efforts to reduce postnatal depression by implementing interventions in the prenatal period have been unsuccessful. [source]