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Conclusions Use (conclusion + use)
Selected AbstractsUsing 20-gauge percutaneous peripheral catheters to reliably collect serial 4-mL blood samples from conscious dogsAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2010KF Elliott Objective To determine the reliability of collecting serial 4-mL blood samples over 13 h using a 20-gauge, cephalic catheter in conscious dogs. Design Prospective, observational study. Animals Twelve (6 males, 6 females) healthy, neutered, lean dogs. Procedure Percutaneous placement of a 20-gauge, 1.1 × 30 mm intravenous over-the-needle catheter into the cephalic vein was performed in each dog on three occasions. Catheter patency was maintained by intermittent flushing with 0.9% saline and 1 IU/mL heparinised saline solutions. Blood samples (4 mL) were obtained at 10 time-points over 13 h, with close monitoring of the dogs and the indwelling catheters. Blood volume, resistance on aspirating blood sample (minimal or marked resistance) and the methods used to improve blood flow were recorded. Results A high proportion (93%) of blood sample collections achieved the required 4-mL volume, and the remaining samples were greater than 1.5 mL. Of the 358 collections via the cephalic catheter, 311 (87%) were obtained with ,minimal resistance'. The remaining collections had ,marked resistance' (n=47) and were associated with a loose catheter in 11% (5/47) and of unknown cause in 89% (42/47). After ,marked resistance' had been encountered and the catheter was flushed with saline and heparin solutions, subsequent sampling with ,minimal resistance' was frequently possible from the same catheter. Conclusion Use of a percutaneous, 20-gauge intravenous cephalic catheter allowed reliable serial collection of 4-mL blood samples over 13 h in conscious dogs. [source] Comparison of ADA 1997 and WHO 1985 criteria for diabetes in south Indians , the Chennai Urban Population StudyDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 12 2000R. Deepa SUMMARY Aims To compare the American Diabetes Association (ADA) fasting criteria and World Health Organization (WHO) 2-h criteria for diabetes in an urban south Indian population. Methods Subjects were drawn from the Chennai Urban Population Study. Of the 1001 subjects studied, 52 (5.2%) were diagnosed as having diabetes according to WHO 2-h criteria and 32 (3.2%) according to the ADA fasting criteria. Results Twenty-five (48%) of the subjects diagnosed with diabetes by the WHO 2-h criteria were not classified as having diabetes by the ADA fasting criteria. Similarly, of the 78 subjects (7.8%) classified as having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), only eight (10.3%) had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) according to the ADA fasting criteria. The overall agreement between the WHO 2-h criteria and ADA fasting criteria was poor (, = 0.40). Conclusions Use of the ADA fasting criteria results in a lower prevalence rates of diabetes in this lean urban south Indian population. [source] Patterns of Maxillofacial Injuries As a Function of Automobile Restraint Use,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 4 2000M. Scott Major MD Abstract Objective To determine the pattern and severity of maxillofacial injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) resulting from automobile restraint use. Design Retrospective database review of patients injured in a MVA who were admitted to the level I trauma center at the University of Louisville Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky. Methods Demographic data, drug and alcohol impairment screening, and comorbidity data were obtained from database searches of trauma records. Forty-four patients had an airbag deployed, 34 patients wore seat belts, and 94 patients were unrestrained. All maxillofacial Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ratings were compared among the three groups. Results Twenty-two of the 44 patients (50%) in the airbag group sustained only facial injuries. Fifteen of them had lacerations; four others had only facial abrasions. Three of the airbag patients had moderate facial injuries (AIS = 2); none required operative management. The airbag group had a mean AIS rating of 1.13, the seat belt group a mean AIS of 1.29, and the unrestrained group a mean AIS of 1.46. Patients using either seat belts (mean age, 40.5 y) or airbags (mean age, 44.9 y) were older than the unrestrained group (mean age, 39.6 y). Drug and/or alcohol impairment was significantly greater in the unrestrained group (mean, 38%) compared with the seat belt group (mean, 26%) and the airbag group (mean 11%). Conclusions Use of airbags is associated with less severe maxillofacial injuries compared with either a seat belt alone or no restraint. There is an inherent risk of minor maxillofacial injuries with airbag usage, but the severity of injury is distinctly reduced. [source] Effectiveness of educational materials designed to change knowledge and behaviors regarding crying and shaken-baby syndrome in mothers of newborns: a randomized, controlled trialCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2009Richard Reading Effectiveness of educational materials designed to change knowledge and behaviors regarding crying and shaken-baby syndrome in mothers of newborns: a randomized, controlled trial . BarrR. G., RivaraF. P., BarrM., CummingsP., TaylorJ., LenguaL. J. & Meredith-BenitzE. ( 2009 ) Pediatrics , 123 , 972 , 980 . DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-0908 . Background Infant crying is an important precipitant for shaken-infant syndrome. Objective To determine if parent education materials [The Period of PURPLE Crying (PURPLE)] change maternal knowledge and behaviour relevant to infant shaking. Methods This study was a randomized, controlled trial conducted in prenatal classes, maternity wards and pediatric practices. There were 1374 mothers of newborns randomly assigned to the PURPLE intervention and 1364 mothers to the control group. Primary outcomes were measured by telephone 2 months after delivery. These included two knowledge scales about crying and the dangers of shaking; three scales about behavioural responses to crying generally and to unsoothable crying, and caregiver self-talk in response to unsoothable crying; and three questions concerning the behaviours of sharing of information with others about crying, walking away if frustrated and the dangers of shaking. Results The mean infant crying knowledge score was greater in the intervention group (69.5) compared with controls (63.3). Mean shaking knowledge was greater for intervention subjects (84.8) compared with controls (83.5). For reported maternal behavioural responses to crying generally, responses to unsoothable crying, and for self-talk responses, mean scores for intervention mothers were similar to those for controls. For the behaviours of information sharing, more intervention mothers reported sharing information about walking away if frustrated and the dangers of shaking, but there was little difference in sharing information about infant crying. Intervention mothers also reported increased infant distress. Conclusions Use of the PURPLE education materials seem to lead to higher scores in knowledge about early infant crying and the dangers of shaking, and in sharing of information behaviours considered to be important for the prevention of shaking. [source] | ||||||||||